温度对二斑叶螨实验种群生长的影响

采用大樱桃叶片饲养二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch,组建其在15,20,25,30和35℃下的实验种群生命表,分析温度对二斑叶螨种群动态的影响。结果表明:在试验的温度范围内,二斑叶螨的发育速率随着温度的升高而加快,并符合Logistic模型。二斑叶螨全世代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为11.85℃和170.39日.度。计算出在不同温度下的实验种群的内禀增长率(rm)、净增殖率(R0)、周限增长率(λ)、世代平均周期(T)和种群加倍时间(t)等种群参数。     

温度对稻飞虱卵寄生蜂—缨小蜂实验种群的影响

本根据稻飞虱卵寄生蜂——缨小蜂(稻虱缨小蜂．长管稻虱缨小蜂,担稻虱缨小蜂)实验种群的室内饲养资料,分析了温度对3种缨小蜂实验种群的影响．中测定了缨小蜂实验种群的发育起点温度和有效积温;组建了缨小蜂实验种群发育速度模型：分析了温度对缨小蜂成虫寿命．寄生量和产卵天数的作用．     

温度对难波小黑蛛实验种群增长的影响

本文就难波小黑蛛实验种群增长与温度的关系方面的试验结果进行初次报道。并根据温度与难波小黑蛛的发育历期,卵存活率、幼蛛存活率以及成蛛繁殖力的关系组建了不同温度条件下的难波小黑蛛的实验种群生命表。结果表明,种群增长指数以15℃时最低为45.34,2s℃时最高达88.12。种群增长指数与温度的关系可用公式拟合: (1)y=192.5200-18.2660x+0.5636x~2(15≤x≤25) R=1 (2)y=-1584.3420+122.7555x-2.2343x~2(25≤x≤32)R=1 (y=种群增长指数,x=温度)由(1)式推导可知,理论上种群增长指数在16.10℃时最低,为44.52;由(2)式推导可知,理论上种群增长指数在27.47℃时最高,达101.25。     

苹果全爪螨在不同温度下的实验种群生命表

在5种不同温度和16h/d光照长度的条件下组建苹果全爪螨Panonychus ulmi(Koch)实验种群生命表,在此基础上进行该实验种群的一些特征和生命参数分析。结果表明,适于苹果全爪螨实验种群增长的温度在26~30℃。     

温度和食物浓度对大型溞Daphnia magna种群动态和两性生殖的影响

在4个温度(15、20、25、30℃)和3个食物浓度(1×104,1×105,5×105 cells ml-1)下研究了大型溞(Daphnia magna)淮河种群的动态和两性生殖,结果表明:(1)在实验初期,大型溞种群密度不断增加,达到最大值后种群密度呈现缓慢下降或趋于稳定的趋势.除15℃下最大瞬时增长率(1.36 d-1)出现在中食物浓度组外,20℃(1.51 d-1)、25℃(1.39 d-1)、30℃(0.69 d-1)下的最大瞬时增长率均出现在高食物浓度组.(2)相同温度下,食物浓度与大型溞最大种群密度间存在显著正相关(p<0.01).(3)相同食物浓度下,随温度升高,大型溞首次产幼溞时间(5～21d)和到达最大种群密度的时间(15～29d)缩短,首次抱卵时的体长(1.75～2.67 mm)减少.(4)在较低的温度和中食物浓度组下,大型溞产生了较多的休眠卵或卵鞍(15℃:(16.7±2.5) ind. 和20℃:(18.3±3.8) ind.);30℃下没有出现休眠卵或卵鞍.除15℃、中食物浓度组外,其它实验组均产生雄体.实验25d后,雄体密度与种群密度呈显著的相关性(30℃:p<0.05;15～25℃:p<0.01).(5)本研究结果暗示大型溞休眠卵的形成受温度、食物浓度和种群密度的共同影响,且较低的温度是大型溞休眠卵形成的主要诱因.     

温度对美洲斑潜蝇种群参数的影响(英文)

本文报道温度对美洲斑潜蝇种群参数和自然内禀增长率的影响。实验在 5种温度即 15,2 0 ,2 5,30和 35℃ ,相对湿度为 80 % ,光照 12∶12 (L∶D)条件下进行 ,并用菜豆Phaseolusvulgaris作为它的寄主植物。实验结果表明 ,美洲斑潜蝇非成熟期的发育时间从 15℃的 38d减少到 35℃的 11d。描述卵 ,幼虫和蛹的发育率 (y)随温度 (t)变化的方程分别是 y =1 786 2t - 13 84 1,y =1 16 2t - 4 94 6和 y =0 6 34t - 5 146。雌成虫的寿命在 15℃条件下是 2 0d ,到 35℃时则下降到 9d。最适宜的繁殖温度是 2 0℃- 30℃ ,在此温度范围内每雌产卵量为 158粒到 2 82粒。非成熟期在 2 5℃条件下的死亡率最低 ,为9% ,而最高出现在 35℃ ,为 4 9%。在 2 5℃到 30℃这个温度范围内 ,获得较高的自然内禀增长率(rm)和净繁殖力 (R0 ) ,分别为 0 2 7和 116 8,此结果表明此温度范围最有利于该种群的增长 ,种群的世代增长倍数约为 117倍。实验结果还表明 ,该虫种群的平均世代历期 (T)和种群倍增时间 (t)随温度升高而减少 ,而种群有限增长率 (λ)与温度的关系则是正的线性关系。     

利用种群增长研究镜湖夏季萼花臂尾轮虫对水温的适应

运用种群增长实验方法, 在4个温度(20℃、24℃、28℃和32℃)和3个斜生栅藻Scenedesmus obliquus (Turpin) Kuetzing密度(1.0106、2.0106和4.0106 cells/mL)共12个条件组合下研究了镜湖夏季出现的萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas)的种群增长率、平均混交率、平均受精率和休眠卵产量等生殖参数。结果表明, 在各食物密度下, 轮虫种群增长率均在28℃和32℃下最高。平均混交率、平均受精率和休眠卵产量等与温度间的关系因食物密度的不同而异。温度对种群增长率、平均混交率、平均受精率和休眠卵产量均有极显著性影响(P 0.01), 食物密度对种群增长率和休眠卵产量均有极显著性影响(P 0.01), 温度和食物密度的交互作用对平均混交率、平均受精率和休眠卵产量均有极显著性影响(P 0.01)。在1.0106、2.0106和4.0106 cells/mL的斜生栅藻密度以及28℃和32℃下, 轮虫具有较高的种群增长率(1.501.95/d)表明该种群能够适应较高的水温, 水温不是导致其在夏季水体中具有极低的种群密度(远低于1个/L)的直接因素。在种群存在于镜湖水体期间(7月初至12月初), 特别是当水温降至20℃左右时, 其较高的休眠卵产量为该种群在次年的同一时段在水体中重新出现提供了保证。       

报喜斑粉蝶华南亚种的形态特征和生物学特性研究

通过自然种群观察及实验种群饲养,系统研究了报喜斑粉蝶华南亚种Delias pasithoe porsenna(Cramer,1776)的形态特征及生物学特性.自然种群在广州1年发生6代,无越冬现象.在温度28℃、相对湿度70%、光照L:D=12 h:12 h条件下,实验种群卵期7.95±0.78 d,幼虫期27.69±0.82 d,蛹期11.33±0.98 d,成虫寿命9.68±1.69 d.     

桑树(Morus alba)朱砂叶螨（Tetranychus cinnabarinus）实验种群的温度效应

采用生命表分析、生存分析、"王-兰-丁"模型及线性模型等分析方法,对15～28℃温区的5个恒温处理朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)实验种群进行了系统研究.结果表明,此温区内,种群在生殖、发育和生存3方面,有明显的温度效应:内禀增长力、周限增长力、净增殖力和平均日产卵量、世代平均周期、及种群倍增时间的倒数呈线性增长;而平均寿命、最大死亡年龄,随温度升高而递减;性比和实际产卵天数对温度不敏感.种群在生殖、发育和生存三者之间,采取了较为"折衷"的策略:8℃为发育临界点;13℃左右为生殖和种群增长临界温度;22℃左右为生殖和种群增长最适温度;30℃左右为发育最适温度.     

温度对草小卷蛾发育的影响及其实验种群生命表

【目的】研究温度对草小卷蛾Celypha flavipalpana Herrich-Schaffer种群动态和繁殖情况的影响。【方法】本研究在不同条件下(20~32℃,16L︰8D,RH=70%~80%)对草小卷蛾的发育起点温度和有效积温进行系统研究,并于26℃下建立实验种群生命表和生殖力表。【结果】经统计分析,其卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫及全世代的发育起点温度(℃)分别为14.30±2.43、6.45±1.57、11.01±1.78、12.40±2.7和9.48±2.19,有效积温(日·度)分别为45.05±8.88、492.01±42.48、107.53±13.63、65.51±12.39和671.86±94.19;实验种群趋势指数I>1,次代种群数量呈12.13倍趋势增长,净增值率R0=15.85,世代平均周期T=39.99,内禀增长率rm=0.0691,周限增长速率λ=1.0715,种群倍增时间t=10.0331。【结论】在20~28℃,草小卷蛾各虫态发育历期随着温度的升高而逐渐缩短,32℃下幼虫期和蛹期发育速率减慢,部分幼虫出现休眠状态;26℃下次代实验种群数量呈增长趋势。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.