拓宽生物公开教学的思路

拓宽生物公开教学的思路陈玉梓（福建省莆田四中,３５１１００）当前,生物高考被取消了,生物教学单人包年段的情况十分突出,生物教学研究气氛日趋淡化。为了促进生物教学研究,提高全体生物老师的教学水平和全面提高生物教学质量,认真开展生物公开教学活动和拓宽生物...     

生物数据标准化研究进展

随着生物测序技术的快速发展,积累了海量的生物数据。生物数据资源作为生物分析研究及应用的核心和源头,为保证数据的正确性、可用性和安全性,对生物数据资源进行标准化的管理非常重要和迫切。本文综述了目前国内外生物数据标准化研制进展,目前国内外对生物数据缺少一个总体的规划,生物数据语义存在大量的不兼容性,数据格式多种多样,在生物数据收集、处理、存储和共享等方面缺乏统一的标准。国内外生物数据标准化处于起步阶段,但各国生物专家都在努力进行标准研制工作。文章最后从生物数据术语、生物数据资源收集、处理和交换、存储、生物数据库建设和生物数据伦理规范等方面出发,对标准研制工作进行一一探讨,期望能为生物数据标准制定提供一定的参考和依据。     

1998—1999年生物磁学进展综述

本综述自1979年开始每年撰写,旨在介绍国内外生物磁学的重要进展,内容包括：生物磁场和生物磁性;磁场生物效应、生物磁技术;生物系统磁法研究、生物磁学应用。     

2000—2001年生物磁学进展综述

本综述自1979年开始每年撰写,旨在介绍国内外生物磁学的重要进展,内容包括：生物磁场和生物磁性;磁场生物效应;生物磁技术,生物系统磁法研究;生物磁学应用。     

2000-2001年生物磁学进展综述

本综述自1979年开始每年撰写,旨在介绍国内外生物磁学的重要进展,内容包括:生物磁场和生物磁性;磁场生物效应;生物磁技术;生物系统磁法研究;生物磁学应用。     

臭气生物处理技术

介绍了生物滤池、生物洗涤塔和生物滴滤池等常规生物除臭技术以及真菌生物反应器、复合式反应器、物化-生物组合反应器等臭气控制新技术的特性、发展状况及其应用,阐述了生物反应器内的除臭功能菌的特性以及臭气生物处理技术的应用前景。     

气体生物传感器的应用研究进展

气体生物传感器是基于生物识别、生物转化及气体信号输出的传感器。近年来,由于气体生物传感器具有操作简单、灵敏度高、特异性好等特点,被应用于生物标志物、细胞、蛋白等靶物质的检测中。介绍了气体生物传感器的性质和分类,并分别阐述了蛋白酶介导的气体生物传感器、核酸酶介导的气体生物传感器、模拟酶介导的气体生物传感器和其他气体生物传感器的原理和应用,展望了气体生物传感器的检测手段和应用前景,为气体生物传感器的研究提供了参考。     

2001-2002年生物磁学新进展综述

本综述自1979年开始每年撰写。最初在《中华物理医学》杂志发表,1994年起在《生物磁学》杂志发表。每年综述均介绍当时国内外生物磁学的若干重要新进展。内容包括:生物磁场和生物磁性;磁场生物效应;生物磁技术;生物系统磁法研究;生物磁学应用。     

2002-2003年生物磁学新进展

这一新进展综述自1979年开始每年撰写。最初在《中华物理医学杂志》发表,1994年起在《生物磁学》杂志发表。每年综述均介绍当时国内外生物磁学的若干重要的新进展。内容包括:生物磁场和生物磁性;磁场生物效应;生物磁技术;生物系统磁法研究;生物磁学应用。     

2001-2002年生物磁学新进展综述

本综述自1979年开始每年撰写。最初在《中华物理医学》杂志发表,1994年起在《生物磁学》杂志发表。每年综述均介绍当时国内外生物磁学的若干重要新进展。内容包括：生物磁场和生物磁性;磁场生物效应;生物磁技术;生物系统磁法研究;生物磁学应用。     

Calculating life? Duelling discourses in interdisciplinary systems biology

A high profile context in which physics and biology meet today is in the new field of systems biology. Systems biology is a fascinating subject for sociological investigation because the demands of interdisciplinary collaboration have brought epistemological issues and debates front and centre in discussions amongst systems biologists in conference settings, in publications, and in laboratory coffee rooms. One could argue that systems biologists are conducting their own philosophy of science. This paper explores the epistemic aspirations of the field by drawing on interviews with scientists working in systems biology, attendance at systems biology conferences and workshops, and visits to systems biology laboratories. It examines the discourses of systems biologists, looking at how they position their work in relation to previous types of biological inquiry, particularly molecular biology. For example, they raise the issue of reductionism to distinguish systems biology from molecular biology. This comparison with molecular biology leads to discussions about the goals and aspirations of systems biology, including epistemic commitments to quantification, rigor and predictability. Some systems biologists aspire to make biology more similar to physics and engineering by making living systems calculable, modelable and ultimately predictable-a research programme that is perhaps taken to its most extreme form in systems biology's sister discipline: synthetic biology. Other systems biologists, however, do not think that the standards of the physical sciences are the standards by which we should measure the achievements of systems biology, and doubt whether such standards will ever be applicable to 'dirty, unruly living systems'. This paper explores these epistemic tensions and reflects on their sociological dimensions and their consequences for future work in the life sciences.     

Systems biology,emergence and antireductionism

This study explores the conceptual history of systems biology and its impact on philosophical and scientific conceptions of reductionism, antireductionism and emergence. Development of systems biology at the beginning of 21st century transformed biological science. Systems biology is a new holistic approach or strategy how to research biological organisms, developed through three phases. The first phase was completed when molecular biology transformed into systems molecular biology. Prior to the second phase, convergence between applied general systems theory and nonlinear dynamics took place, hence allowing the formation of systems mathematical biology. The second phase happened when systems molecular biology and systems mathematical biology, together, were applied for analysis of biological data. Finally, after successful application in science, medicine and biotechnology, the process of the formation of modern systems biology was completed.Systems and molecular reductionist views on organisms were completely opposed to each other. Implications of systems and molecular biology on reductionist–antireductionist debate were quite different. The analysis of reductionism, antireductionism and emergence issues, in the era of systems biology, revealed the hierarchy between methodological, epistemological and ontological antireductionism. Primarily, methodological antireductionism followed from the systems biology. Only after, epistemological and ontological antireductionism could be supported.     

Analysis of undergraduate cell biology contents in Brazilian public universities

The enormous amount of information available in cell biology has created a challenge in selecting the core concepts we should be teaching our undergraduates. One way to define a set of essential core ideas in cell biology is to analyze what a specific cell biology community is teaching their students. Our main objective was to analyze the cell biology content currently being taught in Brazilian universities. We collected the syllabi of cell biology courses from public universities in Brazil and analyzed the frequency of cell biology topics in each course. We also compared the Brazilian data with the contents of a major cell biology textbook. Our analysis showed that while some cell biology topics such as plasma membrane and cytoskeleton was present in ～100% of the Brazilian curricula analyzed others such as cell signaling and cell differentiation were present in only ～35%. The average cell biology content taught in the Brazilian universities is quite different from what is presented in the textbook. We discuss several possible explanations for these observations. We also suggest a list with essential cell biology topics for any biological or biomedical undergraduate course. The comparative discussion of cell biology topics presented here could be valuable in other educational contexts.     

The evolution of molecular biology into systems biology

Systems analysis has historically been performed in many areas of biology, including ecology, developmental biology and immunology. More recently, the genomics revolution has catapulted molecular biology into the realm of systems biology. In unicellular organisms and well-defined cell lines of higher organisms, systems approaches are making definitive strides toward scientific understanding and biotechnological applications. We argue here that two distinct lines of inquiry in molecular biology have converged to form contemporary systems biology.     

Special focus: Synthetic biology

Special focus: Synthetic biology What is synthetic biology? SynBERC – The Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center Ars Synthetica iGEM – The International Genetically Engineered Machine competition Some synthetic biology companies Paper watch: Synthetic biology Building blocks for novel functions Knowledge-making distinctions in synthetic biology Scaffold design and manufacturing: From concept to clinic Peptidomimetics – a versatile route to biologically active compounds Metabolic engineering of E. coli E. coli needs safety valves Systems-level metabolic engineering Mammalian synthetic biology Chemical aspects of synthetic biology Synthesis of DNA fragments in yeast Synthetic biology and patentable subject matter Patenting artificial life? Metabolic effects of synthetic rewiring Engineering for biofuels Regulatory elements for synthetic biology Book highlight Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology     

The mathematical biophysics of Nicolas Rashevsky

N. Rashevsky (1899-1972) was one of the pioneers in the application of mathematics to biology. With the slogan: mathematical biophysics : biology :: mathematical physics ; physics, he proposed the creation of a quantitative theoretical biology. Here, we will give a brief biography, and consider Rashevsky's contributions to mathematical biology including neural nets and relational biology. We conclude that Rashevsky was an important figure in the introduction of quantitative models and methods into biology.     

高中生物新课程中的科学方法教育

在生物新课程实施的背景下,探讨了高中生物科学方法教育及其在高中生物新课程中的体现.分析了在生物新课程中实施科学方法教育过程中出现的问题.     

Prospects for the biology of human intelligence

Despite the ubiquitous nature of Spearman's g in mental test performance, the charge «intelligence is what intelligence tests test» has not been countered in a satisfactory way. It is proposed that there are two ways to answer this complaint. The first concerns the new hypothesis testing models in factor analysis. The second involves studying the ‘biology of intelligence’. The biology of intelligence has various meanings and four are discussed: biology as theory; biology as race and genetics; biology as neurobiology; and biology as basic psychological processes. The last of these is considered in some detail and it is found that reaction time, evoked potentials and inspection time offer bright prospects for further research on the biology of psychometric intelligence.     

合成生物学及其在生物技术中的应用进展

合成生物学是一门21世纪生物学的新兴学科,它着眼生物科学与工程科学的结合,把生物系统当作工程系统"从下往上"进行处理,由"单元"(unit)到"部件"(device)再到"系统"(system)来设计,修改和组装细胞构件及生物系统.合成生物学是分子和细胞生物学、进化系统学、生物化学、信息学、数学、计算机和工程等多学科交叉的产物.目前研究应用包括两个主要方面:一是通过对现有的、天然存在的生物系统进行重新设计和改造,修改已存在的生物系统,使该系统增添新的功能.二是通过设计和构建新的生物零件、组件和系统,创造自然界中尚不存在的人工生命系统.合成生物学作为一门建立在基因组方法之上的学科,主要强调对创造人工生命形态的计算生物学与实验生物学的协同整合.必须强调的是,用来构建生命系统新结构、产生新功能所使用的组件单元既可以是基因、核酸等生物组件,也可以是化学的、机械的和物理的元件.本文跟踪合成生物学研究及应用,对其在DNA水平编程、分子修饰、代谢途径、调控网络和工业生物技术等方面的进展进行综述.     

合成未来：从大肠杆菌的重构看合成生物学的发展

合成生物学（synthetic biology）是伴随着基因工程、系统生物学以及生物信息学的发展而出现的一个新的交叉学科。大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）作为一种宿主在合成生物学的发展中功不可没。从某种意义上讲,合成生物学的每一次进展都离不开大肠杆菌。从大肠杆菌的角度出发,对合成生物学的发展进行深入分析,并提出了合成生物学在中圉发展的重点。