几种甲壳动物促雄性腺素结构预测分析

利用生物信息学方法对目前已知的3种甲壳动物促雄性腺素前体(AGH precursor)和5种类胰岛素促雄性腺因子(insulin-like AG factor)进行分析,探讨了促雄性腺素前体的氨基酸理化特性、信号肽、跨膜结构域、二级结构、motif等,并利用Phyre软件对其三级进行同源性收索。结果显示:促雄性腺素前体包含信号肽,存在跨膜结构域,并和信号肽同位。PDB库中没有找到匹配的motif。3种促雄性腺素前体的二级结构有比较高的相似性,比如都包含两个中心螺旋区。Phyre搜索显示,与8种蛋白的三级结构匹配的均为胰岛素家族的蛋白,这也进一步证实了促雄性腺素前体和胰岛素原的相似性。     

胰岛素作用原理研究近况

我国科学工作者在1965年首次用化学方法全合成了具有全部生物活力的结晶牛胰岛素,开辟了人工合成蛋白质的新时期,也促进了我国对胰岛素的深入研究。1973年,我国科学工作者又测定了1.8埃分辨率猪胰岛素分子的三维结构,为胰岛素结构与功能     

胰岛素晶体结构的研究:1.8埃分辨率的胰岛素分子

运用X射线分析的多对同晶置换加反常散射法,在取得了2.5埃分辨率结果的基础上又进一步确定了1.8埃分辨率猪胰岛素分子的三维结构。这是抓革命促生产取得的又一项成果。1.8埃分辨率电子密度图比2.5埃的更加精细和清晰。模型分析发现,不对称单位中两个胰岛素分子的二级结构有较显著的不对称性。文中对胰岛素与受体分子间可能的原发作用也进行了讨论。     

近年来蛋白质类激素研究的概况

关于多肽和蛋白激素(以下简称蛋白激素)的研究,大体上以胰岛素的发现为标志划分为两个时期。在胰岛素被发现以前可认为是整体研究时期,以观察内分泌腺对整个机体的影响为主;从二十年代初发现胰岛素以来,着重于从腺体中分离、纯化激素,进而测定它们的结构、研究结构和功能的关系。及人工合成、晶体结构的测定等,即所谓离体研究的时期。随着医学、     

储藏时间对大豆分离蛋白结构及凝胶性质的影响

探究了储藏期下大豆分离蛋白凝胶性质的变化规律,对不同储藏时间的大豆蛋白分别进行了羰基含量、表面疏水性、凝胶质构性质的测定,并采用红外光谱对大豆蛋白二级结构进行了测定。结果表明：随着储藏时间的延长,大豆蛋白的羰基含量逐渐上升,表面疏水性逐渐下降,蛋白二级结构含量改变,大豆蛋白凝胶强度和凝胶硬度整体呈下降趋势,这表明储藏期内大豆蛋白发生了氧化反应,导致大豆蛋白结构发生改变,最终使其凝胶性质下降。     

分子置换法与胰岛素结构

分子置换是研究蛋白质空间结构的重要方法。用此法成功地测定了不同胰岛素及类似物的结构,同时也显示了该方法应用中的问题。从这些结构测定总结出可能使这类分析顺利进行的一些经验。     

蛋白质二级结构的真空紫外圆二色性研究

利用同步辐射真空紫外圆二色谱仪和特制的样品池,测定溶液中蛋白质的真空紫外圆二色谱,测定波长低至175nm,并应用一种新的计算法分析计算了蛋白质5种二级结构的含量,所得结果与用X射线衍射法测定的结果一致.讨论了获得好的真空紫外圆二色谱的几个重要因素.结果表明,真空紫外圆二色法是目前测定溶液中蛋白质二级结构的较好方法之一.     

黑曲霉脂肪酶分子结构预测

根据克隆到的黑曲霉脂肪酶基因序列,概念性翻译出其编码的氨基酸序列.利用BioEdit、PSIPRED和SwissModel等软件及服务器对黑曲霉脂肪酶的一级结构、二级结构和三级结构进行分子结构模型的预测与模拟.预测结果显示,黑曲霉脂肪酶分子的一级结构、二级结构及三级结构的结构特点与丝氨酸水解酶高度吻合.预测的黑曲霉脂肪酶各种二级结构成分含量与实际测定的重组黑曲霉脂肪酶二级结构成分相符.在三级结构水平上,黑曲霉脂肪酶"盖子"结构域所在的位置与已解析的黑曲霉阿魏酸酯酶对应结构域所在的位置存在显著差异.盖子结构域位置的差异预示一种开盖型脂肪酶分子设计和构建的可能.     

蛋白质的二级结构预测——Chou和Fasman方法

蛋白质分子的一切高级结构,都由一级结构即氨基酸残基序列所包含的信息决定。多年来,由蛋白质的氨基酸序列预测二级结构的方法不下十几种。其中,Chou和Fasman的方法自1974年提出,至1978年修正、精化,已得到了很好结果,越益受到重视。此方法的突出优点是简便,无须计算机的复杂分析,就可预测出蛋白质的二级结构,准确性约为80％。目前蛋白质二级结构的测定,当然以X-晶体衍射结果最准确。Chou和Fasman方法正是基于晶体分析的结果,经统计得出的一整套数据     

鹅胰岛素的免疫交叉反应性、与受体的结合能力及生物活性

本文测定了结晶鹅胰岛素的免疫交叉反应性、与受体的结合能力及生物活性。鹅胰岛素能与豚鼠抗猪胰岛素血清反应,经放射免疫测定,它的交叉反应性是猪胰岛素的38.5%。用人胎盘细胞膜胰岛素受体与鹅胰岛素进行结合实验,鹅胰岛素与胰岛素受体的结合能力是猪胰岛素的56.4%。小白鼠惊厥法测出其生物活力是26.8I.U/毫克。     

Comparison of the X-ray structure of native rubredoxin from Pyrococcus furiosus with the NMR structure of the zinc-substituted protein.

The three-dimensional X-ray structures of the oxidized and reduced forms of rubredoxin from Pyrococcus furiosus, determined at -161 degrees C, and the NMR structure of the zinc-substituted protein, determined in solution at 45 degrees C, are compared. The NMR and X-ray structures, which were determined independently, are very similar and lead to similar conclusions regarding the interactions that confer hyperthermostability.     

Estimation of pullulan by hydrolysis with pullulanase

A novel method for the estimation of pullulan was developed in which pullulan was hydrolysed by pullulanase. The hydrolysed product was mainly maltotriose and was determined colorimetrically using 3,5-dimethylsalicylic acid. This gave good linearity with respect to the concentration of pullulan in the fermentation broth. The content of pullulan determined in this way was less than that determined by a coupled enzyme assay and was comparable to that determined by an HPLC method. The new method was specific for estimation of pullulan, demonstrated high accuracy, and could assay pullulan from up to 3.2 mg/ml.     

Comparison of different methods for determination of the duodenal and ileal flows of endogenous nitrogen and amino acids in growing goats

The objective of the present study was to compare the isotope dilution, the difference and the amino acid profile (AAP) methods for the quantification of duodenal and ileal flows of endogenous nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA) in growing goats. Nine growing goats were fed the same diet containing maize stover, ground corn and soybean meal. The duodenal flow of endogenous N determined by the isotope dilution method was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that determined by the difference and AAP methods, while there was no difference between the difference and the AAP methods. The duodenal flows of individual endogenous AA determined by the isotope dilution method exceed those determined by the difference and the AAP method by 10 to 106%. The endogenous flow at the ileum determined by the isotope dilution method was not significantly different to those determined by the water-soluble method, but tended to be lower for N and all amino acids. It is concluded that the difference method and AAP method underestimate the duodenal flow of endogenous N and AA compared to the isotope dilution method.     

Floral determination in the terminal and axillary buds of Nicotiana tabacum L

The terminal and axillary buds of the day-neutral plant, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38, become determined for floral development during the growth of the plant. This state of determination can be demonstrated with a simple experiment: buds determined for floral development produce the same number of nodes in situ and if rooted. After several months of growth and the production of many leaves, the terminal bud became determined for floral development within a period of about 2 days. After the terminal bud became florally determined, it produced four nodes and a terminal flower. The buds located in the axils of leaves borne just below the floral branches became florally determined 5 to 9 days after the terminal bud became florally determined. Since florally-determined axillary buds were not clonally derived from a florally-determined terminal meristem, axillary buds and the terminal bud acquired the state of floral determination independently. These data indicate that a pervasive signal induced a state of floral determination in competent terminal and axillary buds.     

Concentration of transferrin iron and transferrin saturation in blood

Transferrin iron, transferrin protein concentrations, and transferrin saturation have been determined for the first time in the whole blood. Microsamples were taken from healthy adults and patients with occupational secondary haemochromatosis using quantitative electron spin resonance technique. At elevated transferrin saturation, transferrin saturation values determined in the plasma and serum samples were shown to be less than respective values determined in the whole blood of the same patients. At increased transferrin iron concentration the difference between experimental and reference data sets determined in the blood and plasma was statistically significant in contrast to data sets determined in serum. Therefore, the analysis of the blood microsamples ensured an adequate estimation of transferrin iron concentration, especially at high transferrin saturation. A new index--transferrin iron concentration in the formed blood elements--was introduced. The values of the index were determined in the groups of healthy adults, patients with secondary occupational hemochromatosis and healthy newborns.     

响应面法优化牦牛肝蛋白提取工艺研究

对牦牛肝中主要营养成分进行测定,然后用单因素和响应面分析法确定牦牛肝蛋白的最佳提取工艺.通过单因素试验选取影响因素与水平,在此基础上采用四因素三水平的响应面分析法,根据回归分析确定最佳提取工艺.试验结果表明:鲜牦牛肝水分含量为70.85%、灰分含量为0.7%、蛋白含量为19.70%、粗脂肪含量为2.92%;最佳提取工艺...     

Protein structure and cDNA nucleotide sequence of the Japanese quail alpha A globin.

The primary structure of the alpha polypeptide chain (alpha A) of the major component (QII) of Japanese quail hemoglobin was determined by protein and cDNA sequence analysis. The amino-acid sequences of all the soluble tryptic peptides were determined by the conventional protein sequencing technology. The sequence of the remaining portion, which contained an insoluble "core region", was determined through determination of the cDNA nucleotide sequence. The cDNA clones coding for the alpha A globin were isolated from the quail reticulocyte cDNA library, mapped by restriction enzyme digestion, and the nucleotide sequence was determined completely. The primary structure of quail alpha A globin shows a close similarity to that of chicken alpha A globin.     

半散放猎豹毛发微量元素含量比较

许多微量元素与动物生理生化机能有着密切的联系,对机体的生长发育和维持健康起着重要作用.近年来,微量元素研究日渐得到重视,如Cu、 Zn、 Mn、 Se、 Pb等微量元素参与酶、激素和维生素代谢,影响动物生殖功能(Suchocki et al., 2003).     

一种新型蚯蚓纤溶酶的部分性质研究

为获得一种高效的溶栓药物。从赤子爱胜蚓(Eiseniafoelida)中分离纯化得到了一种纤溶酶组分。用Lowry法测定蛋白质浓度,SDSPAGE鉴定纯度为98%,表观相对分子质量(Mr)为14850,纤维蛋白平板法测定其总纤溶活性为65.51×103mm2/mg,直接纤溶活性为15.61×103mm2/mg,间接纤溶活性为26.34×103mm2/mg。水解BAEE的米氏常数(Km)为1.82×105mol/L。水解ChromozymPL的米氏常数(Km)3.98×105mol/L,水解ChromozymtPA的米氏常数(Km)5.55×105mol/L活性,N端氨基酸序列测定的结果为VIGGTNAIPGEFPYQ。结果表明该纤溶酶分子量较小,间接活性较高,适宜作为一种新型的溶栓药物。     

Quantification of cellular properties from external fields and resulting induced velocity: cellular hydrodynamic diameter.

An experimental technique is discussed in which the size distribution of a population of cells is determined by calculating each cell's settling velocity. The settling velocity is determined from microscopically obtained images which were recorded on SVHS tape. These images are then computer imaged and processed, and the cell's location and velocity are determined using a computer algorithm referred to as cell tracking velocimetry (CTV). Experimental data is presented comparing the distribution of human lymphocytes and a human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, determined using a Coulter counter and the CTV approach.