用体内叶绿素a荧光诱导动力学鉴定番茄的抗冷性

研究了冷害温度对具有不同抗冷性品种的番茄叶片的体内叶绿素ａ荧光诱导动力曲线的影响。实验结果指出,在低温处理（８℃,５℃,２℃下,暗中２４小时）后,番茄叶片的体内叶绿素ａ荧光诱导动力学曲线有了明显的改变,Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ值、Ｒｆｄ值降低了,光系统Ⅱ原初光能转换效率和潜在的光合活力均受到抑制。我们在苗期和开花期得到的实验结果均表明,在番茄叶片的叶绿素ａ荧光诱导动力学曲线和这些荧光参数改变的程度与该品种的已知抗冷性之间呈现较好的相关性。我们认为,体内叶绿素ａ荧光诱导动力学方法是鉴定番茄抗冷性的一个快速、灵敏和可靠的方法,并可用于其他绿色植物的抗冷性鉴定中     

水分胁迫对小麦旗叶某些体内叶绿素a荧光参数的影响

研究了水分胁迫对京冬６号品种小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）的旗叶（于杨花期）的体内（ｉｎｖｉｖｏ）叶绿素ａ荧光诱导动力学及几种叶绿素ａ荧光参数的影响,以探究水分胁迫损伤光合作用的机理。通过将离体叶片放置于干燥器中不同时间以得到三种干旱的情况（失水叶片的ＲＷＣ分别为５０．９％,３１．５％和１７．５％。对照叶片的ＲＷＣ为７３．５％）。体内叶绿素ａ荧光特性是用ＰＡＭ叶绿素荧光计测定的。我们观察到水分胁迫显著地改变了小麦旗叶的重复饱和光脉冲激发的调制叶绿素ａ荧光诱导动力学的图形。对从这种荧光动力学的实验数据得到的四种重要的体内叶绿素ａ荧光参数：Ｆｍ／Ｆｏ值（最大荧光与基础荧光的比值）、（ｇ－ｈ）值（饱和光脉冲诱导的荧光尖峰信号高度）、ｑＰ值（光化学淬灭系数）和ｑＮ值（非光化学淬灭系数）,水分胁迫都有抑低的作用。并且我们注意到,在水分胁迫的严重程度与这四种荧光参数被抑低的程度之间,存在着正相关关系。我们的实验数据指出,水分胁迫抑制了光系统Ⅱ的氧化侧,并且也降低了光合膜的能量化作用     

基于叶绿素荧光参数的小麦叶片叶绿素相对含量估算方法

叶绿素含量是植物学和农业相关研究领域常用的生理指标.叶绿素含量和叶片光合功能密切相关,但是现有的叶绿素含量的测定方法无法实现叶绿素含量和光合功能的同步测定和关联分析.为解决该问题,本研究通过测定35个小麦品种旗叶的SPAD值和叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线,分别使用不同时间的快速叶绿素荧光动力学曲线的荧光值,以及33个常用荧...     

西瓜幼苗10℃和15℃低温处理下相关生理指标的比较分析

以四叶一心期的西瓜幼苗为材料,研究了10℃和15℃低温处理下西瓜幼苗的叶绿素荧光强度、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、POD和APX的变化规律。结果表明,4、6号品种的相对光化学反应活性值低于同时期的2、5号品种,前者在15℃低温处理的初期就积累了大量的可溶性糖和脯氨酸,而后者在10℃低温处理较长时间后体内才积累大量可溶性糖和脯氨酸,并且它们的增加幅度小于前者。POD和APX呈现15℃比25℃(对照)增加,10℃又下降的一般趋势,后者的变化幅度小于前者。综合实验中各项指标可以认为,2、5号品种是耐冷性品种,4、6号品种是相对敏感品种,同时叶绿素荧光强度、可溶性糖、脯氨酸可作为评价品种耐冷性的主要指标。     

外源油菜素内酯对三种杨树在干旱、盐和铜胁迫下光合生理的影响

以胡杨、新疆杨和俄罗斯杨一年生幼苗为材料,采用盆栽实验探讨不同胁迫(干旱,盐和重金属)下,施加外源植物激素油菜素内酯(BRs)对三种杨树叶片的叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数及动力学曲线(OJIP)的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,10μmol/L的BRs可提高三种杨树叶片的光合特性;干旱胁迫下,胡杨的叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光动力学曲线与对照相比无显著变化,新疆杨和俄罗斯杨的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量显著降低,荧光动力学曲线J点上升,P点下降;盐胁迫下,胡杨和新疆杨的叶绿素含量变化较小,俄罗斯杨的叶绿素含量降低明显,荧光动力学曲线变化也比较显著;铜胁迫下,三种杨树叶绿素a和b含量与对照相比都显著下降,新疆杨和俄罗斯杨的荧光动力学曲线变化较为显著,荧光参数变化幅度非常大,当施加外源BRs后,三种胁迫下的三种杨树叶绿素含量与对照组相比都有不同程度的升高,其中胡杨、新疆杨和俄罗斯杨的叶绿素a含量分别升高了14%、6.8%和18.8%,新疆杨和俄罗斯杨的荧光动力学曲线及荧光参数接近于对照水平,PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和光化学性能指数(PIABS)显著增加。表明BRs能够明显缓解逆境胁迫对杨树PSⅡ反应中心造成的伤害。     

运用叶绿素a荧光诱导动力学技术检测水稻生产潜力

运用叶绿素a荧光诱导动力学技术,检测水稻叶片和叶绿体的PSII原初光转化效率(F_v/F_m)或与此相关可代表PSII潜在活性(F_v/F_o)的参数,结果表明,不同产量水平的水稻品种之间,其叶片和叶绿体的F_v/F_m(或F_v/F_o)的比值,以及光合电子传递速率均有明显差异.此外,在外源Mg~(2+)的存在下,高产水稻品种叶绿体有更高的原初光能转化效率,同时Mg~(2+)对高产品种叶绿体PSII和PSI之间激发能分配的调节能力也较低产品种者高.实验说明Chl a荧光诱导动力学的技术,能够作为一种快速、灵敏和简便的有效方法用于早期检测水稻(或其他作物)的生产潜力.     

冷冻温度对冬小麦叶绿素a荧光诱导动力学和光化学活性的影响

研究了人工冷冻温度(-13℃,暗中,2.5小时或16小时)预处理对冬小麦叶片和叶绿体的叶绿素a荧光诱导动力学和光化学活性的影响.结果表明在小麦叶片的光合作用中,Q以后的光合电子传递对冷冻温度处理最敏感,短时间(2.5小时)处理即可使其阻断;在此条件下几乎不影响水裂解过程和光系统Ⅱ活性;光系统Ⅰ活性也仅稍受抑制.当16小时低温处理时,水裂解过程及光系统Ⅱ活性均受到严重影响.冷冻温度与DCMU对小麦叶片Chl a荧光诱导动力学曲线影响的对比研究表明,二者对光合电子传递链抑制的部位不同,冷冻温度阻断的部位是在DCMU抑制的部位—Q_B的还原侧.     

低温下水稻幼苗抗冷性动力学指标的研究

本文首次用动力学模拟方法研究抗冷性指标．根据对3个不同抗冷性品种,对存活率和叶绿素含量的抗冷动力学指标的研究结果认为用固有频率ω_n或周期T都可以正确反映不同品种之间、不同生育期之间,以及不同性状之间的抗感之间的差异．结果认为动力学模拟方法很可能是一个可靠的方法,拟进一步深入研究．     

荧光分光光度计在荧光诱导动力学测定中的应用

光合作用是绿色植物的重要生命过程,它与环境条件密切相关。多年来,人们不断地运用和发展各种检测技术,以研究光合作用在各种条件下的变化。其中体内叶绿素 a 荧光诱导动力学的测定技术,可以直接用绿色植物整体或含有叶绿素的部分器官(如植物叶片)为材     

蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号分离物侵染对蚕豆叶片光合活性和叶绿体超微结构的影响

研究了受蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号（Broad bean wilt virus 2,BBWV2）中国分离物B935和欧洲分离物PV131侵染的蚕豆（Vicica faba）叶片光合特性、叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数和叶绿体超微结构变化。感病蚕豆叶绿素含量减少,叶绿素a／b比逐步降低;光合气体交换参数Pn值和Gs值降低,Ci值升高;叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数Fv/Fm、FV＇/Fm＇、ΦPSII、qP值均有不同程度降低,NPQ值升高;光合器结构遭到不同程度的破坏,B935侵染后叶绿体发育不良,片层结构疏松,PVl31侵染后叶绿体肿胀变圆,片层结构疏松瓦解。与B935相比,PV131侵染对以上各参数的变化有更大影响,且对叶绿体的破坏更为严重。实验结果表明BBWV2不同分离物对光系统II（PSII）的抑制作用与光合器受损程度相关。     

Contrasting effect of dark-chilling on chloroplast structure and arrangement of chlorophyll-protein complexes in pea and tomato: plants with a different susceptibility to non-freezing temperature

The effect of dark-chilling and subsequent photoactivation on chloroplast structure and arrangements of chlorophyll–protein complexes in thylakoid membranes was studied in chilling-tolerant (CT) pea and in chilling-sensitive (CS) tomato. Dark-chilling did not influence chlorophyll content and Chl a/b ratio in thylakoids of both species. A decline of Chl a fluorescence intensity and an increase of the ratio of fluorescence intensities of PSI and PSII at 120 K was observed after dark-chilling in thylakoids isolated from tomato, but not from pea leaves. Chilling of pea leaves induced an increase of the relative contribution of LHCII and PSII fluorescence. A substantial decrease of the LHCII/PSII fluorescence accompanied by an increase of that from LHCI/PSI was observed in thylakoids from chilled tomato leaves; both were attenuated by photoactivation. Chlorophyll fluorescence of bright grana discs in chloroplasts from dark-chilled leaves, detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy, was more condensed in pea but significantly dispersed in tomato, compared with control samples. The chloroplast images from transmission-electron microscopy revealed that dark-chilling induced an increase of the degree of grana stacking only in pea chloroplasts. Analyses of O-J-D-I-P fluorescence induction curves in leaves of CS tomato before and after recovery from chilling indicate changes in electron transport rates at acceptor- and donor side of PS II and an increase in antenna size. In CT pea leaves these effects were absent, except for a small but irreversible effect on PSII activity and antenna size. Thus, the differences in chloroplast structure between CS and CT plants, induced by dark-chilling are a consequence of different thylakoid supercomplexes rearrangements. Dedicated to Prof. Zbigniew Kaniuga on the 25th anniversary of his initiation of studies on chilling-induced stress in plants.     

Leaf phosphate status and photosynthesis in vivo: Changes in light scattering and chlorophyll fluorescence during photosynthetic induction in sugar beet leaves

Light scattering and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured in vivo for leaves of sugar beet plants cultured with low levels of phosphate (P). Light scattering during photosynthetic induction was markedly increased in low-P compared to control leaves. This effect was reversible, disappearing within 24 h after the P supply was increased. The fluorescence induction curves also exhibited significant and reversible differences between low-P and control leaves. The changes in light scattering and chlorophyll fluorescence correlated well with changes in the rate of photosynthesis in vivo. We suggest that the increase in light scattering during induction in low-P plants may be due to a decreased ability of the Calvin cycle to utilize assimilatory power generated photochemically.     

黑暗诱导衰老对不同年代冬小麦品种旗叶光系统Ⅱ功能的影响

小麦品种的更新换代是小麦产量不断提高的重要因素,阐明小麦品种演替过程中不同生理特性的变化对新品种选育具有重要参考价值.旗叶衰老速率快慢是影响小麦产量水平的关键因素,目前对于不同小麦品种衰老过程中旗叶光系统Ⅱ功能的变化规律尚不清楚.本试验选用1941-2014年间河南地区不同时期种植的31个品种,通过黑暗诱导离体叶片衰老,测定旗叶叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数、叶绿素相对含量的变化,分析了光系统Ⅱ功能的变化规律.结果表明:品种演替过程中旗叶的叶绿素含量逐渐提高,衰老过程中近代品种叶绿素的降解速率低于较早年代品种;旗叶衰老过程中,近代品种荧光诱导动力学曲线的J点上升幅度小于I点;品种更替过程中光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率和单位面积有活性反应中心数目逐渐增加,但是近代品种降低速率低于较早年代品种.叶绿素含量的变化与未衰老叶片中F_v/F_m没有显著相关性,但是随着衰老程度增加,相关性逐渐增大,且趋势线斜率逐渐提高;光系统Ⅱ单位面积有活性反应中心数目与品种育成时间呈显著正相关,且随着衰老程度增加,相关程度和趋势线斜率均显著提高.综上,小麦品种演替过程中,旗叶叶绿素含量逐渐升高,降解速率逐渐减缓,光合电子传递过程中Q_A到Q_B电子传递的抗衰老能力得到改善,从而减缓了衰老过程中光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率和有活性反应中心的衰减速率,同时,叶绿素含量的提高和旗叶光系统Ⅱ抗衰老能力的增强也是品种更替过程中产量逐渐提高的重要因素.     

Video registration as a method for studying kinetic parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence in Ficus benjamina leaves

A method of imaging and analysis of fluorescence kinetic parameters distributed over leaf area is described in details. Video data recorded by the CCD-camera were processed using free programs VirtualDub and ImageJ. The method allows not only to image the distribution of fluorescence decrease ratio (Rfd), but also to obtain fluorescence induction curves, which are corresponded to any region of interest selected within the leaf image. A considerable mosaicism of shade leaves of Ficus benjamina L. was shown on the basis of Rfd values, whose functional significance is discussed from the point of view of adaptation to different light intensities. A pronounced non-uniformity of F. benjamina leaves was revealed in relation to the retention time of the secondary fluorescence maximum (peak M). A method of differential imaging was proposed to allow visualization of this non-uniformity and to demonstrate the existence of the previously unknown phenomenon of secondary chlorophyll fluorescence “wave” in leaves. It was also shown the absence of M peak in the chlorophyll-deficient, lacking the mesophyll leaf sectors, where the residual chlorophyll is originated from guard cell chloroplasts.     

零上低温对水稻剑叶叶绿素荧光变化的影响

在不同的低温处理条件下,测定了离体水稻剑叶的叶绿素荧光诱导曲线。结果表明,与玉米、马玲薯叶片所测定的结果相类似,可变荧光(Fv)有不同程度的降低,而低温对总淬灭(P-T)影响不大。可见,在水稻叶片的碳素同化系统中的基质酶对低温不敏感。     

Biophysical Methods of Ecological Monitoring. Photosynthetic characteristics of tree plants growing in Moscow city

In this work, we studied the influence of ecological factors (distance from thoroughfares) on photosynthetic characteristics of leaves of four tree species growing in Moscow city. Photosynthetic activity of leaves was assayed by instrumental methods of probing the functional state of the photosynthetic apparatus, using electron paramagnetic resonance for measuring the kinetics of photooxidation of P₇₀₀ centers, thermoluminescence, and slow induction of chlorophyll fluorescence. It has been shown that the kinetic parameters of the induction curves, as determined from the kinetics of P₇₀₀ photooxidation and slow fluorescence induction in dark-adapted leaves, are sensitive to variations of plant growth conditions. These parameters can be used as informative characteristics in ecological monitoring.     

水分胁迫对牛心朴子叶片光合色素及叶绿素荧光的影响

研究了水分胁迫对牛心朴子叶片光合色素及叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响。结果表明,在长期的水分胁迫中,牛心朴子叶片的叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量没有下降或下降不明显。直到处理末期才显著下降;叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数Fo、Fm、Fv、Fv／Fm变化不大,在处理末期各处理Fo降低,轻度、重度水分胁迫的Fm、Fv、Fv／Fm升高。说明K期水分胁迫后牛心朴子的光合功能受到影响,但牛心朴子仍表现出较强的适应干旱的能力。     

Temperature and light dependent modifications of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics in spruce needles during winter

Prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics at room temperature were measured from intact spruce needles. The fluorescence signal was recorded after varying light pretreatments. During the winter, induction curves showed characteristic changes in both the initial peak of fluorescence FV/FP (FP-FO/FP) and the steady state level F_dr (FP-FT/FP). Winter stress induced decreases in both values which showed close correlation to the light and temperature pre-history of the plants. In February changes in fluorescence induction indicative of a restoration of photosynthesis were detected and these corresponded to a rise of temperature above zero in combination with low light levels. In March increasing light intensity combined with chilling temperatures induced again decreases of both values of chlorophyll fluorescence induction suggesting the occurrence of photoinhibition.     

Chilling injury and recovery in detached and attached leaves measured by chlorophyll fluorescence

Smillie, R. M., Nott, R., Hetherington, S. E. and Öyustt, G. 1987. Chilling injury and recovery in detached and attached leaves measured by chlorophyll fluorescence Chilling injury was compared in detached and attached leaves chilled at 0 or 0.5°C by measuring the decrease in induced chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo. The fluorescence parameter measured was F_R, the maximal rate of rise of induced chlorophyll fluorescence emission after irradiating dark-adapted leaves. The plants used were bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Pioneer, and maize, Zea mays L. cvs hybrid GH 390 and Northern Belle. Leaves were detached and placed on wet paper and covered with thin polyethylene film to prevent water loss during chilling. Leaves left attached on plants were treated similarly. When chilled in this way at 100% relative humidity, the chilling-induced decrease in F_R was the same in detached and attached leaves. For the attached leaves, the same result was obtained whether just a single leaf was chilled or the whole plant. Expression of chilling injury was greatest in fully turgid leaves and comparisons can be invalid unless the water status of the detached and attached leaves are the same. Problems arising from diurnal fluctuations in water potential of plants grown in a glasshouse were circumvented by placing leaves on the wet filter paper under polyethylene film prior to chilling, which allowed high water potentials to be regained, or mist sprays in the glasshouse were employed. Determinations of the time course for changes in F_R of maize (cv. Northern Belle) during chilling at 0°C showed that F_R decreased exponentially, at the same rate (time to 50% decrease in F_R was 9.3 h) in detached and attached leaves. Chilling injury was largely reversible for the first 20 h of chilling stress as both detached and attached leaves recovered their pre-chilling values of F_R after a further 20 h at 20°C in darkness. Leaves chilled for 48 h showed partial recovery, while those chilled for 72 h did not recover. Recovery was impeded by light. Inability to recover from chilling as indicated by measurements of F_R was paralleled by the incidence of visible symptoms of injury. It is concluded that detached and attached leaves behave similarly during chilling and short-term recovery, provided a similarity in treatments is rigorously maintained.