共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 7 毫秒
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Most biological regulation systems comprise feedback circuits as crucial components. Negative feedback circuits have been well understood for a very long time; indeed, their understanding has been the basis for the engineering of cybernetic machines exhibiting stable behaviour. The importance of positive feedback circuits, considered as "vicious circles", has however been underestimated. In this article, we give a demonstration based on degree theory for vector fields of the conjecture, made by René Thomas, that the presence of positive feedback circuits is a necessary condition for autonomous differential systems, covering a wide class of biologically relevant systems, to possess multiple steady states. We also show ways to derive constraints on the weights of positive and negative feedback circuits. These qualitative and quantitative results provide, respectively, structural constraints (i.e. related to the interaction graph) and numerical constraints (i.e. related to the magnitudes of the interactions) on systems exhibiting complex behaviours, and should make it easier to reverse-engineer the interaction networks animating those systems on the basis of partial, sometimes unreliable, experimental data. We illustrate these concepts on a model multistable switch, in the context of cellular differentiation, showing a requirement for sufficient cooperativity. Further developments are expected in the discovery and modelling of regulatory networks in general, and in the interpretation of bio-array hybridization and proteomics experiments in particular. 相似文献
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Lloyd S 《Culture, medicine and psychiatry》2008,32(2):279-297
This paper will examine how French neurotics are being transformed into 'social phobics' and how the appearance of this group may be tied to new personal and social ideals. There are many people and factors that contribute to this changing definition of mental illness. Amongst these, I will focus on the role of three groups who are most vocally acting as morality brokers in the creation of these new subjects: psychiatrists, patients' groups and pharmaceutical companies. 相似文献
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It is shown that, barring orthogonal designs, a necessary condition for a block design, BD(v, b, N), to be J-balanced is that the rows of its incidence matrix, N, are linearly independent. This strengthens the condition b v known in the literature as FISHER'S inequality. V-balanced block designs are also discussed. 相似文献
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Thomas Turino 《American anthropologist》2000,102(2):422-423
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: Africa. Ruth Stone. ed. New York: Garland, 1998. 852 pp., scores, and CD. 相似文献
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N. Rashevsky 《Bulletin of mathematical biology》1946,8(1):1-6
A neural mechanism is discussed which explains certain states of anxieties, in which an individual is worried about things
which may be possible, but are exceedingly improbable. Certain quantitative relations are derived.Mutatis mutandis similar considerations apply to some states of elations. An application to certain types of paranoia is discussed. 相似文献
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C R Palmer 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1999,318(7182):542
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Timothy P. A. Cooper 《Visual Anthropology: Published in cooperation with the Commission on Visual Anthropology》2018,31(3):253-267
Anxieties over the particular ontology and materiality of the film image—rather than moral concerns over the co-mingling of bodies in the built and social space of the cinema—have been addressed by two formative figures in the philosophy of Pakistan as a political and religious idea: Muhammad Iqbal and Syed Abul A'la Maududi. Their arguments provide two divergent examples of the ways in which the permissibility of film in Pakistan has been expressed. This essay is driven by such instances in which the epistemology—and in some cases permissibility—of technological objects is negotiated via their very ontology. 相似文献
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Ann B. Stahl 《American anthropologist》1998,100(4):1045-1046
Encyclopedia of Precolonial Africa: Archaeology, History, Languages, Cultures, and Environments. Joseph O. Vogel. ed. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 1997.606 pp. 相似文献
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Julia Neuberger 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》2001,323(7319):1008
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G. E. Kennedy 《American anthropologist》2000,102(1):171-172
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Paleopathology. Arthur C. Aufderheide and Conrado Rodriguez-Martin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1998. 478 pp. 相似文献
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Mathilde Benhamou Gabriel Baron Marie Dalichampt Isabelle Boutron Sophie Alami Fran?ois Rannou Philippe Ravaud Serge Poiraudeau 《PloS one》2013,8(1)