老年高血压脑出血的微创治疗分析

目的:探讨微创手术与传统开颅手术治疗高血压脑出血的手术效果。方法:回顾性分析自2005年5月至2009年7月期间开颅手术39例和微创手术治疗44例高血压脑出血的疗效,比较两种方式的优劣。结果:开颅手术组和微创手术组均获得了较好的疗效,两者相比未见有明显的差别。结论:微创手术组和开颅手术比较未见明显的疗效差异,微创手术手术简单,创伤面积小,费用较低,患者耐受性好,值得推广。     

老年高血压脑出血的微创治疗分析

目的：探讨微创手术与传统开颅手术治疗高血压脑出血的手术效果。方法：回顾性分析自2005年5月至2009年7月期间开颅手术39例和微创手术治疗44例高血压脑出血的疗效,比较两种方式的优劣。结果：开颅手术组和微创手术组均获得了较好的疗效,两者相比未见有明显的差剐。结论：微创手术组和开颅手术比较未见明显的疗效差异,微创手术手术简单,创伤面积小,费用较低,患者耐受性好,值得推广。     

高血压脑出血的微创治疗

目的：探讨微创清除颅内血肿技术的手术效果。方法：将42例高血压脑出血的患者,都采用YL-1型一次性使用颅内血肿粉碎穿刺针,进行钻颅手术。结果：16例术后次日即拔针,10例第二日拔针,其余全部患者均在一周内拔针。术后一个月意识恢复良好者27例,重残者10例,死亡5例。结论：谊术式操作时间短,血块及时有效地清除,减轻了副损伤,大大提高了救治成功率。适合广大基层医院使用。     

微创手术与传统开放手术在胸腰段脊柱骨折治疗中的应用效果

目的:分析微创手术与传统开放手术在胸腰段脊柱骨折治疗中的应用效果观察。方法:回顾性抽取我院手术治疗的130例胸腰段脊柱骨折病患信息,将应用微创手术治疗的65例病患归为微创组,将接受传统开放手术治疗的65例病患归为开放组,对比分析手术前后椎体高度、Cobb角度以及生活质量评分的变化,同时比较两组手术相关指标以及手术相关并发症的差异。结果:(1)与手术前相比,两组手术后的伤椎高度、伤椎Cobb角度以及生活质量评分显著升高(P0.05),两组间伤椎高度、Cobb角度相仿,但微创组生活质量评分显著高于开放组(P0.05);(2)微创组手术时间显著高于开放组,但术中出血、术后住院时间以及术后并发症显著低于开放组(P0.05)。结论:微创手术治疗胸腰椎骨折不仅对于伤椎复位效果与传统开放手术相仿,而且在生活质量改善、手术恢复时间、手术安全性方面具有显著优势。     

Generalized Framework for Control of Redundant Manipulators in Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background

During a Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery (RA-MIS), a robot inserts a surgical tool into the patient's body through a surgical device placed at the incision position, known as the trocar. A kinematic constraint, known as Remote Center of Motion (RCM) constraint, is then generated since the tool axis must always pass through the trocar position while the tool-tip executes the surgical task. When a serial manipulator is used, the RCM constraint must be guaranteed by the control system. In this paper, we provide a generalized framework for the dynamic control of redundant manipulators used for RA-MIS. Moreover, we consider the event of desired or unexpected collisions between the robot's body and its environment, e.g. medical staff or operating room equipments.

Minimally Invasive Surgery Combined with Regenerative Biomaterials in Treating Intra-Bony Defects: A Meta-Analysis

Background

With the popularity of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in periodontics, numerous publications have evaluated the benefits of MIS with or without various regenerative biomaterials in the treatment of periodontal intra-bony defects. However, it is unclear if it is necessary to use biomaterials in MIS. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials in patients with intra-bony defects to compare the clinical outcomes of MIS with regenerative biomaterials for MIS alone.

Methods

The authors retrieved English publications on relevant studies from Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, Medline, Embase, Clinical Evidence, and ClinicalTrails.gov (up to June 30, 2015). The main clinical outcomes were the reduction of probing pocket depths (PPDs), gain of clinical attachment level (CAL), recession of gingival margin (REC) and radiographic bone fill. Review Manager 5.2 (Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, England) was used to calculate the heterogeneity and mean differences of the main clinical outcomes.

Results

In total, 464 studies in the literature were identified but only four were ultimately feasible. The results showed no significant difference regarding CAL gain (P = 0.32) and PPD reduction (P = 0.40) as well as REC increase (P = 0.81) and radiographic bone fill (P = 0.64) between the MIS plus biomaterials group and the MIS alone group.

Conclusions

The meta-analysis suggested no significant difference in treatment of intra-bony defects between the MIS plus biomaterials group and the MIS alone group, indicating that it is important to take costs and benefits into consideration when a decision is made about a therapeutic approach. There needs to be an in-depth exploration of the induction of intrinsic tissue healing of MIS without biomaterials to achieve optimal outcomes.     

37例微创非体外循环下冠脉搭桥手术的疗效观察

目的:探讨微创非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术(MIOPCAB)的临床疗效及其安全性.方法:回顾性分析37例实施MIOPCAB的临床资料,总结其手术效果及不良反应的发生情况.结果:37例冠心病病例共搭桥89支,全部病例围术期无心绞痛发作,活动量增加,心功能改善,7例出现心力衰竭,无围术期死亡,均顺利康复出院.结论:MIOPCAB术对患者的创伤小、安全、对各型冠心病均有一定的疗效,适应征广,值得临床推广应用.     

基于精益管理对微创手术患者护理满意度影响分析

目的 分析精益管理应用于微创手术患者对护理满意度的影响。 方法 　选择2012年1—12月530例入住我院行微创治疗的患者作为管理前组,同时应用精益管理理念和方法选择2013年1—12月400例同类患者作为管理后组,比较两组患者对护理满意度差异。结果 管理后组明显优于管理后前组(P <0.05)。结论　精益管理有效改善了护理服务的质量,提高了微创手术患者对护理服务的满意度,同时促进了护理人员综合能力的提高,减少医疗设备的完好率,保证了手术的顺利完成。     

女性微创妇科手术中隐匿性子宫肉瘤的危险因素分析

为了确定影响子宫平滑肌肉瘤风险的因素,本研究采用回顾性病例对照研究,选择72例接受微创妇科手术治疗子宫肌瘤的妇女为研究对象,对平滑肌肉瘤(病例)的患者在年龄、手术年限和外科医生专业方面进行对照研究。妇科病理学家通过对病理学数据库中的病例进行鉴定,确诊平滑肌肉瘤或平滑肌瘤。通过计算平滑肌肉瘤的累积风险,并使用条件逻辑回归研究预测平滑肌肉瘤风险升高的因素。本研究中确诊了15名平滑肌肉瘤的患者,并与57名对照组进行对照,发现进行微创妇科手术后,病理诊断子宫平滑肌肉瘤的累积风险为0.19%(95%置信区间[CI],0.06%~0.56%)。多变量分析显示血细胞比容值<30%(校正比值比[aOR],20;95%CI,1.08~100;p=5.05)与子宫平滑肌肉瘤的诊断独立相关。增加的肌瘤大小(aOR,9.73;95%CI,0.75~1.26;p=5.08)和孤立性肌瘤(aOR,3.85;95%CI,0.65~25;p=5.14)与更大的子宫平滑肌肉瘤风险相关;但是差异没有统计学意义。本研究表明,贫血和肌瘤大小>7 cm可能与隐匿性平滑肌肉瘤相关;但是这些标准仍不具有足够的区分性以用于术前鉴别子宫肉瘤患者。     

超声引导下麦默通微创旋切术在乳腺BI-RADS 3级肿块中的应用进展

麦默通微创旋切术(Mammotome)是目前临床上治疗乳腺BI-RADS 3级肿块常用的手术方式,其优势能够有效彻底清除病灶,而且术后创面恢复快、术口小.但微创手术也有出血、切破皮肤、感染以及病灶残留等相应并发症,可通过术中加入止血药物或者改良手术方式来减少并发症的发生几率.而针对麦默通微创旋切术后残留的热点问题,超声...     

微创治疗术式于脊柱创伤后的疼痛及并发症的临床应用

目的:探讨微创治疗术式对脊柱创伤患者治疗后疼痛程度及并发症的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2015年3月至2016年3月72例脊柱创伤患者,随机数字法将其分为观察组和对照组各36例,其中对照组给予传统术式治疗,观察组给予微创术式治疗,比较两组治疗后患者疼痛缓解程度及并发症发生率情况。结果:1观察组手术时间、出血量、住院和下地活动时间分别为(121.36±7.85)min、(123.74±31.75)m L、(8.32±2.14)d、(37.85±9.28)h均明显优于对照组的(175.96±12.47)min、(299.77±36.01)m L、(15.41±4.58)d、(57.03±13.58)h,比较差异有显著性(t值=7.931、11.372、8.192、9.341,P0.05)。2观察组疼痛程度评分中VAS评分和NRSD评分分别为(1.86±0.53)和(2.01±0.59)均显著低于对照组的(5.52±1.34)和(5.59±1.35),比较有显著性差异(t值=12.913、11.235,P0.05)。3观察组术后并发症发生率为8.33%,显著低于对照组的27.78%,比较有显著性差异(Z值=9.637,P0.05)。结论:对于脊柱发生创伤的患者而言,在临床中应用微创术式进行干预治疗,不仅临床效果令人满意,而且还可较为有效的改善患者疼痛症状,减少并发症的发生,应用较为安全,值得推广使用。     

妇科腹腔镜微创手术450例临床分析

目的:分析腹腔镜手术技术在诊治妇科疾患中的作用.方法:采用腹腔镜手术方法治疗450例各类妇科疾患患者,并与同期行开放手术的284例患者的临床疗效进行对比,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、并发症发生率、术后住院时间及患者对手术的满意度.结果:腹腔镜组的手术时间(73.4± 54.3 min)及术中出血量(107.4± 97.9 mL)明显少于开放手术组(121.8± 65.7 min,188.6± 217.0 mL),而术后排气时间(12.2±8.6 h)及术后住院时间(5.4±2.3 d)均短于开放手术组(16.8±12.1 h,9.8±4.8d),腹腔镜组的各类并发症发生率(2.22％)明显低于开放手术组(8.80％),并且患者的满意度(94.67％)也明显优于开放手术组(82.39％).结论:采用腹腔镜手术方法治疗妇科疾患,手术时间短,术中出血量少,术后住院时间短,并发症少等优点,并且可明显提高患者的满意度.     

膝关节镜微创手术治疗胫骨内侧平台骨折的临床研究

目的:探讨膝关节镜辅助下采用微创手术治疗老年胫内平台骨折的临床疗效及安全性。方法:按照随机数字表法将2012年1月~2014年1月我院骨科收治的老年胫骨内侧平台骨折患者分为两组,治疗组行膝关节镜辅助下微创手术治疗,对照组行常规手术固定治疗,比较两组的临床疗效及安全性。结果:治疗组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量及住院时间均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组的HSS评分优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.015,P=0.044);两组术后并发症主要有伤口化脓、骨折畸形、膝关节僵直、创伤性关节炎以及伤口软组织不同程度的感染,治疗组发生率16.67%,对照组40.00%,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:老年胫骨内侧平台骨折在膝关节镜辅助下采用微创手术治疗能够有效减轻患者疾病负担,且具有临床疗效好、安全性高等特点,临床有重要参考价值。     

Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Lung Cancer Resection: A Consensus Statement of the International Society of Minimally Invasive Cardiothoracic Surgery (ISMICS) 2007

OBJECTIVE:: The purpose of this consensus conference was to determine whether video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) improves clinical and resource outcomes compared with conventional thoracotomy (OPEN) in adults undergoing lobectomy for lung cancer, and to outline evidence-based recommendations for the use of VATS in performing lobectomy for lung cancer. METHODS:: Before the consensus conference, the best available evidence was reviewed in that systematic reviews, randomized trials, and nonrandomized trials were considered in descending order of validity and importance. At the consensus conference, evidence-based statements were created, and consensus processes were used to determine the ensuing recommendations. The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology system was used to label the level of evidence and class of recommendation. RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:: The consensus panel agreed upon the following statements and recommendations in patients with clinical stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer undergoing lung lobectomy:     

Interference Competition Set Limits to the Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection

The relationship between Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection and the ecological environment of density regulation is examined. Using a linear model, it is shown that the theorem holds when density regulation is caused by exploitative competition and that the theorem fails with interference competition. In the latter case the theorem holds only at the limit of zero population density and/or at the limit where the competitively superior individuals cannot monopolise the resource. The results are discussed in relation to population dynamics and life history evolution, where evidence suggests that the level of interference competition in natural populations is so high that the fundamental theorem does not apply.     

Surgical Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Cardiac Surgery: A Consensus Statement of the International Society of Minimally Invasive Cardiothoracic Surgery (ISMICS) 2009

OBJECTIVE:: This purpose of this consensus conference was to determine whether surgical atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation during cardiac surgery improves clinical and resource outcomes compared with cardiac surgery alone in adults undergoing cardiac surgery for valve or coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS:: Before the consensus conference, the consensus panel reviewed the best available evidence, whereby systematic reviews, randomized trials, and nonrandomized trials were considered in descending order of validity and importance. Evidence-based statements were created, and consensus processes were used to determine the ensuing recommendations. The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology system was used to label the level of evidence and class of recommendation. RESULTS:: The consensus panel agreed on the following statements in patients with AF undergoing cardiac surgery concomitant surgical ablation: CONCLUSIONS:: Given these evidence-based statements, the consensus panel stated that, in patients with persistent and permanent AF undergoing cardiac surgery, concomitant surgical ablation is recommended to increase incidence of sinus rhythm at short- and long-term follow-up (class 1, level A); to reduce the risk of stroke and thromboembolic events (class 2a, level B); to improve EF (class 2a, level A); and to exercise tolerance (class 2a, level A) and long-term survival (class 2a, level B).     

鼻内镜下行鼻中隔矫正术对鼻腔鼻窦微创治疗的临床效果及意义

目的:探讨鼻内镜下鼻中隔矫正术的效果及其对鼻腔鼻窦微创手术的临床意义。方法:2010年3月至2013年3月对102例伴有鼻中隔偏曲的鼻腔鼻窦疾病患者,随机分为研究组(n=78)和对照组(n=24),分别施行了鼻内镜下鼻中隔矫正术和传统手术。结果:对照组患者治愈率为64.29%、总有效率78.57%,治疗组分别为83.78%和95.95%;两组临床疗效比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者的术中的出血量和手术时间均明显少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后研究组患者的出血量和并发症总数均明显少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者的平均住院时间明显短于对照组,差异显著具有统计学(P0.05)。结论:鼻内镜下鼻中隔矫正术较传统鼻中隔矫正术安全,效果可靠,手术并发症少,患者恢复快,更有利于同期鼻腔鼻窦微创手术的实施,提高了其手术治疗效果。     

Endoscopic Vascular Harvest in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: A Consensus Statement of the International Society of Minimally Invasive Cardiothoracic Surgery (ISMICS) 2005

OBJECTIVE:: This purpose of this consensus statement was to compare endoscopic vascular graft harvesting (EVH) with conventional open vascular harvesting (OVH) in adults undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery and to determine which resulted in improved clinical and resource outcomes. METHODS:: Before the consensus conference, the consensus panel reviewed the best available evidence, whereby systematic reviews, randomized trials, and nonrandomized trials were considered in descending order of importance. Evidence-based statements were created, and consensus processes were used to determine the ensuing statements. The AHA/ACC system was used to label the level of evidence and class of recommendation. RESULTS:: The consensus panel agreed upon the following statements: CONCLUSIONS:: Given these evidence-based statements, the consensus panel stated that EVH should be the standard of care for patients who require saphenous vein grafts for coronary revascularization (Class I, Level B). Future research should address long-term safety, cost-effectiveness, and endoarterial harvest.     

微创机器人辅助下心脏手术中体外循环的各种引流方法比较

目的：分析比较机器人系统辅助下微创心脏手术中体外循环的各种静脉引流方式和辅助引流方法的特点和管理。方法24例患者接受体外循环下微创机器人辅助（ Da vinci S）心脏手术,股动静脉插管建立体外循环,不同的辅助引流方法分三组,D1组离心泵辅助引流12例,D2组负压辅助引流7例,D3组颈内静脉插管辅助引流5例。结果三组间平均静脉引流量和平均每公斤静脉引流量基本相似,无统计学差异。三组术中转流基本平稳,血流动力学相对稳定,各项监测指标均在正常范围,手术视野暴露清晰满意,全组的平均体外循环时间为139.7±35.5min,平均主动脉阻断时间为84.2±28.8 min。结论在股静脉引流的基础上,根据不同的手术方式和手术医生的要求,灌注师应用不同的辅助引流方式并制定不同的灌注对策,用于保证转流过程中充分的引流和灌注,是机器人辅助微创心脏手术顺利、成功的重要因素之一。