燃料油植物乌桕的栽培与管理及桕籽加工

介绍燃料油植物乌桕的实生苗、嫁接苗、雾插苗的培育及组织培养,以及造林与抚育管理。     

海南蒲桃花芽形态分化过程观测及其生理生化变化特征

为了解海南蒲桃[Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels.]花芽形态分化及相关生理生化变化特征,为海南蒲桃花果量调控和栽培管理提供依据.该研究采用冷冻切片技术和扫描观察法对海南蒲桃花芽形态分化过程的结构特征进行观测,并采用蒽酮比色法、考马斯亮蓝G-250法和酶联免疫吸附检测法测定花芽相关生理指标.结果 表...     

基于色谱技术的款冬花蕾与花梗代谢组成差异分析

本研究拟对款冬花蕾与花梗的化学组成差异进行比较。采用基于气质联用的代谢组学技术对花蕾与花梗的代谢组成差异进行分析,代谢产物的结构指认通过NIST数据库检索和标准品对照确定,GC-MS数据通过XCMS预处理后导入SIMCA-P软件进行多元统计分析;采用超高效液相色谱法对花蕾和花梗中吡咯里西啶生物碱的含量进行测定。结果基于GC-MS的代谢组学分析共鉴定了款冬中54个代谢产物,主成分分析显示款冬花蕾与花梗的代谢组成明显不同。OPLS-DA分析的载荷图显示,与花蕾相比,花梗中肌醇、香橙烯、豆甾醇、棕榈酸等化合物含量较低,而蔗糖、花生四烯酸等含量较高。此外,花蕾中吡咯里西啶生物碱含量为102μg·g-1,明显高于花梗中的含量(64μg·g-1)。款冬花蕾与花梗的化学组成存在较大差异,为了保证中医临床用药的安全有效,药用款冬花中应剔除花梗,并在质量标准检查项中规定花梗限量。     

The Effect of Bud Position on Branch Growth and Bud Abscission in Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.

The time at which a bud began to expand was related to its positionnot only on an individual shoot but also within the crown. Thedistribution of buds and branches on the shoot was uneven; theshoot tip, where they were densely clustered, was termed the‘whorl; and the remainder of the shoot, where they werewidely spaced, the ‘interwhorl’ stem. In spring,the terminal bud started expanding before the ‘whorl’buds which preceded the ‘interwhorl’ stem buds;completion of the flush of growth, determined by the end ofleaf expansion, occurred in the reverse order, ‘interwhorl’> ‘whorl’ > terminal. Similarly bud expansionstarted at the top of the crown and progressed downwards, andthe first shoots to complete their flush were at the bottomof the crown. Approximately 60% of the buds on each shoot beganexpanding in spring but only about half of these formed branches.Bud abscission began in May and by Sep. 45% of buds originallypresent had abscised. Most of-the buds that did not abscisewere the small buds at the base of the shoot that were not originallyassociated with a leaf. Approximately 42% of ‘whorl’buds and 28% of MnterwhorP stem buds formed branches. ‘Whorl’branches were approx. 60% longer that ‘interwhorl’stem branches; buds on the lower surface of the shoot producedlonger branches than those on the upper surface. The implicationsof the results for the development of crown form and selectionof superior oak are discussed. Quercus petraea, oak, buds, branches, crown form     

The Effect of Bud Position on Branch Growth and Bud Abscission in Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.

The time at which a bud began to expand was related to its positionnot only on an individual shoot but also within the crown. Thedistribution of buds and branches on the shoot was uneven; theshoot tip, where they were densely clustered, was termed the'whorl; and the remainder of the shoot, where they were widelyspaced, the ‘interwhorl’ stem. In spring, the terminalbud started expanding before the ’whorl’ buds whichpreceded the ‘interwhorl’ stem buds; completionof the flush of growth, determined by the end of leaf expansion,occurred in the reverse order, ‘interwhorl’     

基于转录组测序的羽衣甘蓝叶色相关基因分析

叶色是羽衣甘蓝重要的观赏性状之一。本研究采用Illumina Hi-Seq2500高通量测序技术,对基因型纯合的紫叶和白叶羽衣甘蓝叶片进行转录组测序,筛选差异基因并与GO和KEGG数据库比对进行注释分析,分析羽衣甘蓝叶色形成相关基因。结果显示,获得高质量短读序共104 608 770条,筛选出紫叶相对白叶的差异表达基因1 993个,其中上调表达基因1 094个,下调表达基因899个。根据GO功能分类可分为生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能3大类64功能组。根据KEGG代谢通路分析可以分为171类,在叶色相关的类黄酮生物合成途径中黄酮醇合成酶(FLS)、二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶(DFR)上调以及类胡萝卜素生物合成途径中的类胡萝卜素β-环化酶上调与紫叶形成关系密切。本研究丰富了羽衣甘蓝的转录组信息,获得了一些差异表达基因,为进一步研究羽衣甘蓝叶色形成的遗传机制提供了有价值的信息。     

大豆花叶病毒胁迫诱导的消减文库构建及初步分析

大豆花叶病毒病是危害大豆产量和品质的主要病害之一 ,通过分子手段研究大豆花叶病毒病基因的抗病相关基因表达可以辅助抗病育种工作。利用SSH技术 ,对抗大豆花叶病毒病的大豆品种 814 3进行分析 ,构建大豆花叶病毒胁迫诱导表达的cDNA文库 ,并对文库进行初步分析。     

小花草玉梅高通量转录组测序与花发育基因的挖掘

该研究采用高通量测序技术Illumina HiSeq 2000,对小花草玉梅花器官进行转录组测序,挖掘参与其花发育相关的基因。测序结果得到54 513 822个序列读取片段(reads),包含7 826 726 115bp的碱基序列信息。将测序数据进行序列组装后,获得43 767个单基因簇(unigenes),平均长度为926bp。转录物注释结果显示,28 130条unigenes有同源比对信息。在43 767条unigenes中检测到5 015个SSR位点,且SSR不同重复基序类型中,出现频率最高的是AG/CT,其次是AAG/CTT和ACC/GGT。通过转录因子分析,进一步筛选得到了12个与花发育紧密相关的MADS基因,分别为FUL1,FUL2,AP3-1,AP3-2,AP3-3,PI1,PI2,AG1,AG2,SEP1,SEP3和AGL6。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,与小花草玉梅正常花相比,全白、绿白相间、五瓣变异、全绿变异花中的FUL1、SEP1,SEP3和AGL6基因均显著上调表达,而12个基因在极端变异花中的表达水平与正常花的差异均不明显。定量结果经主成分分析显示,AGL6、SEP3、FUL1、PI2及SEP1的表达量均为小花草玉梅花形态建成的主要指标。研究结果在一定程度上丰富了小花草玉梅的基因信息,为后续研究其花器官变异的分子机制提供了基础数据。     

Flower Bud Culture of Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) with Cytogenetic Analysis of Resulting Gynogenic Plants and Somaclones

Unpollinated flower culture was applied for induction of gynogenesis and somatic organogenesis in three shallot strains, ‘Dili-white’, ‘Yogya’ and ‘Dili-red’, from Indonesia. Chromosome surveys were performed on the plants obtained. From a total of 6,812 flowers, 89 plantlets were obtained by gynogenesis, of which 10 could be acclimated. Most of the plantlets were induced from ‘Dili-white’. Of the gynogenetic plants examined, two were haploid (2n = 8), four were naturally doubled haploid (2n = 16) and the remaining four were mixoploid (2n = 8, 16 or 2n = 16, 32, 64). ‘Dili-red’ showed the highest frequency of somatic organogenesis. Fifty-nine directly regenerated plants and 293 callus-derived plants were obtained from somatic organogenesis from the cultured flowers. Based on the chromosome number, frequencies of somaclonal variation were high both in the directly regenerated plants and the callus-derived plants. The frequency of tetraploid plants (2n = 32) in the former (50%) was higher than in the latter (33%). From these results we conclude that unpollinated flower culture is an effective method for chromosome doubling simultaneously with haploid induction in shallot.     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法分析山荆子花和叶中的挥发性成分

首次采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析了盛开期的山荆子花和叶中的挥发性成分,采用保留指数与质谱图库检索的方法定性,利用面积归一化法定量组份含量.鉴定出山荆子花中36种化学成分,占总含量的96.20％,主要为烷烃类(27.00％)、酯类(20.86％)、芳香醇类(11.75％)、萜类(18.78％)化合物,主要成分是2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)为14.59％,其次为正十九烷(11.58％)、正二十一烷(8.37％)、法呢烯(8.24％)、罗勒烯(7.77％).鉴定出山荆子叶中22种化学成分,占总含量的98.04％,主要为萜类(50.84％)、烯烃类(25.33％)、酯类(9.73％)化合物,主要成分是法呢烯(40.62％),其次是唯一的烯烃4,8-二甲基-1,3,7-壬烯(26.30％)、罗勒烯(7.27％).     

Colchicine Effect on the Prothalli of Goniopteris multi-lineata (Wall.) Bedd. and G. prolifera (Roxb.) with Emphasis on Abnormal Spermatogenesis in Polyploid Prothalli

Cytological investigation into abnormal sperm formation in polyploidprothalli reported earlier has been undertaken. It is establishedthat the B-type sperms are diploid and giant C type derive fromtetraploids. The spermatogenesis in tetraploid prothalli ismodified by frequent amitosis and fragmentation of the mothercell nucleus resulting in twins, triplets, and monsters withdouble or triple heads or tails; obviously the nuclear constitutionof these sperms is variable.     

外源赤霉素(GA3)对青花菜花芽分化和花球发育的影响

喷施GA3可在一定程度上促进青花菜的花芽分化进程,因而使花球的现蕾期、膨大期和采收始期相应提前,50mg·L-1GA3处理的最佳,产量和花球紧实度也增加,喷施100 mg·L-1 GA3的青花菜花球维生素C含量显著下降.     

Coccidia of Brazilian edentates: Eimeria cyclopei n.sp. from the silky anteater,Cyclopes didactylus (Linn.) and Eimeria choloepi n.sp. from the two-toed sloth,Choloepus didactylus (Linn.)

Summary Eimeria cyclopei n.sp. is described from the silky anteater, Cyclopes didactylus, from Pará State, north Brazil. Undifferentiated oocysts, passed in the faeces, complete sporulation in seven days at 26 to 28°C. Oocysts are ellipsoidal to sub-spherical, with a mean size of 28.1 × 23.6 m: the wall is 1.5 to 2.0 m thick, apparently with an outer thin, colourless membrane and two inner, thicker, striated and yellowish layers. There is no micropyle, oocyst residuum or polar body. The mean measurements of sporocysts are 19.0 × 9.0 m, and they are slightly asymmetrical, elongate pear-shape, with a plug-shaped Steida body projecting beyond the end of the sporocyst. Sporozoites are as long as or longer than the sporocysts: The sporocyst residuum is scattered between sporozoites in younger specimens and becomes condensed into rounded mass in older ones. The endogenous stages occur in the epithelial cells of the ileum, on the lumenal side of the host-cell nucleus. Uninucleate meront, microgamont and macrogamont precursors are recognizable morphologically. Mature meronts are 20.0 × 15.7 m some produce 12 to 20 merozoites which are 8.7 × 2.0 m, and others 10 to 26 merozoites which are 11.4 × 2.0 to 15.0 × 3.0 m. Mature microgamonts which are 27.5 × 24.1 m, produce from 150 to 170 microgametes of 7.1 × 1.0 m: microgametes have two flagella of unequal length. Mature macrogamonts are 28.4 × 24.5 m Eimeria choloepi n.sp. is recorded from the two-toed sloth, Choloepus didactylus, from the same area of Brazil. Undifferentiated oocysts, passed in the faeces, complete sporulation in 23 days at 26 to 28°C. Oocysts with a mean size of 23.0 × 20.3 m, have a wall 2.0 to 2.5 m thick which is composed of two thick, yellowish and striated outer layers and a delicate, colourless inner one. There is no micropyle, oocyst residuum or polar granule. Mature sporocysts with a mean size of 11.3 × 7.1 m, are ellipsoidal to egg-shaped and have a poorly developed Steida body. The sporocyst residuum is composed of a small number of large globules: The sporozoites are longer than the sporocyst and strongly recurved. The endogenous stages occur in epithelial cells of the ileum, on the lumenal side of the host-cell nucleus. Dimorphic meronts produce 8 to 18 merozoites which are either 13.0 × 2.0 m or 13.0 × 3.0 m. Microgamonts produce 50 to 80 microgametes of 8.0 × 1.0 m. Mature macrogamonts are 18.3 × 17.9 m. ac]19820212     

光周期对人参菜开花和品质的调控作用

为筛选促进人参菜品质形成的最佳光周期,通过盆栽试验,研究了不同光周期对人参菜生长和品质的影响,以及人参菜开花过程中生理特性的变化规律。结果表明：(1)延长光周期不仅有利于人参菜的生长还能促进其营养品质的形成。(2)在光周期为14 h/10 h(昼/夜)时,人参菜的株高、茎粗、根长、叶面积以及地上部分干鲜重均优于其他处理,长势最佳,人参菜叶片中纤维素、V_C、齐墩果酸、类黄酮、总酚以及游离氨基酸含量最高,品质最佳。(3)在光周期为14 h/10 h时,人参菜叶片的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白以及Ca含量在花期均呈先上升后下降的趋势。研究认为,光周期为14 h/10 h对人参菜生长及品质的提升效果最好,其开花过程可能与可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白以及Ca的代谢有关。     

乙烯利诱导网纹甜瓜主蔓两性花花芽分化的形态和解剖学研究

以网纹甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.var. reticulatus Naud.)品种’西域1号’为试验材料,于幼苗3叶1心期喷施浓度为150 mg·L^-1的乙烯利溶液进行处理,诱导主蔓形成两性花,以清水为对照,分别对处理和对照植株不同时期的主蔓和侧蔓花芽分化过程进行形态和解剖学观察。结果表明：经乙烯利处理后,幼苗植株主蔓花原基持续向两性花分化,最终发育形成两性花。未经处理植株的主蔓花原基在分化早期与两性花发育过程相同,但在雌蕊出现后,不再继续发育,最终发育形成雄花。处理植株主蔓两性花发育过程与侧蔓两性花发育过程相同。     

基于农艺性状的山西普通菜豆初级核心种质构建

利用663份山西省普通菜豆资源基于14个农艺性状,采用比较不同分组原则、取样比例和总体取样量不同组合的取样方法,确定了"地理来源+平方根比例+20%总体取样量"为山西省初级核心种质构建的方法。同时,在此基础上对663份资源中一些具有极端性状的资源进行选择,最终确定152份普通菜豆可作为山西省普通菜豆初级核心种质。通过总体与初级核心种质资源多样性分析,数量性状均值比较,数量性状极值、变幅和标准差比较,性状多样性的差异性分析和各性状总体分布的χ2检验,最终得出:152份普通菜豆资源能够代表山西省普通菜豆资源的总体,可作为山西省普通菜豆评价和创新利用的优先样品集。     

Studies on Differentiation of Laticifers through Light and Electron Microscopy in Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) R.Br.

The distribution, cytological organization and differentiationof non-articulated laticifers in the primary and mature tissuesof Calotropis gigantea (Linn.) R.Br., were studied by the useof optical and electron microscopy. Laticifers occur in thecortex, vascular bundle and pith of the plant axis. At the earliestdetectable stage a laticifer is a cell which undergoes rapidelongation and nuclear division. This results in a multinucleateelongated cell which undergoes further increase in length withgradual degeneration of the cytoplasm. At the electron microscopiclevel the presumptive laticifer cell shows increasing vacuolationwhich forms a large central vacuole. Simultaneously the cytoplasmicorganelles undergo degeneration by autophagic processes. Laternumerous vesicles can be observed in the large central vacuole,the remaining cytoplasm being pushed to a thin layer. Maturelaticifers show three types of spherical structures of whichthe highly electron dense globules are the latex particles. Calotropis gigantea (Linn.), R.Br., laticifers, ultrastructure, differentiation