短蛸AFLP分子标记分析体系的优化与建立

本研究构建了短蛸扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)分析体系,对DNA提取、双酶切反应、连接反应、预扩增反应、选择性扩增反应和银染等步骤进行了分析。得到了一种适于短蛸AFLP技术分析的优化体系,该体系中各优化因素为:模板DNA浓度为200 ng/μL;酶切体系中,MseI和EcoR I各加入5 units,缓冲液使用MseI buffer Tango,反应时间为3-4 h;连接最适反应时间为12 h;预扩增产物最适稀释倍数为20倍。该体系的构建为AFLP技术在短蛸分子遗传多样性研究中的应用奠定了基础。     

吉富罗非鱼AFLP反应体系的建立与优化

本文以我国水产养殖主导品种吉富罗非鱼(farmed tilapia)为研究材料,进行扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)反应体系的研究,初步建立了一套适合罗非鱼的AFLP反应体系。对体系中关键环节的优化结果如下:基因组DNA要求无降解和RNA污染,OD260/OD280比值在1.8~2.0之间;基因组DNA EcoRⅠ/MseⅠ37℃双酶切6h、20℃连接20h,连接产物10倍稀释,PCR预扩增产物稀释45倍作为选择性扩增的模板,选择性扩增产物经6%变性丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测可获得条带清晰、背景干扰小的图像。该体系的构建为今后进行罗非鱼群体遗传多样性分析、种质鉴定、重要经济性状分子标记的开发及遗传连锁图谱构建等方面研究提供了参考。     

小叶锦鸡儿基因组DNA的提取及AFLP反应体系的建立

以小叶锦鸡儿幼嫩叶片为材料,采用改良的SDS法提取其基因组DNA,通过优化AFLP技术体系中的几个主要因素,建立了适合小叶锦鸡儿的AFLP银染反应体系。改良的SDS法能通过在提取液中加入β-巯基乙醇防止氧化、加入PVP去除酚类等物质,获得满足AFLP分析要求的纯度高、完整性好的基因组DNA;用EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ37 ℃双酶切4 h后可以将500 ng的基因组DNA完全切开。酶切产物和接头经16℃连接过夜后,用带有1个选择性碱基的引物和带有3个选择性碱基的引物分别进行预扩增和选择性扩增,扩增产物经变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离,用AgNO₃染色,得到了清晰的指纹式样。小叶锦鸡儿AFLP反应体系的建立为利用该技术研究小叶锦鸡儿的遗传多样性奠定了实验基础。     

西南地区6种魔芋属植物基于cpDNA序列的遗传多样性研究

研究野生作物资源的遗传变异及分化机制对种质资源的收集与改良具有重要意义。魔芋是我国西南地区的特色经济作物,但由于受到人为活动干扰,野生种群不断衰退。为评估西南地区魔芋属(Amorphophallus)野生群体的遗传多样性,探究代表性物种的系统发育地位,该研究利用3个叶绿体DNA(cpDNA)片段,分析了魔芋6个物种的遗传多样性,重建了种间系统发育关系。结果表明:(1)西南地区野生魔芋群体的遗传多样性普遍较低,虽然单倍型多样性(H_d)均值为0.428,但近一半群体只有1个单倍型,6个物种整体水平上的单倍型多样性在0.704到0.983之间。(2)在6个物种间检测到高水平的遗传分化,遗传分化系数(F_ST)值在0.481到0.967之间。(3)系统发育分析表明,选取的27个魔芋种主要聚成3个分支:非洲分支、东南亚分支和东亚大陆分支。疣柄魔芋(A. paeoniifolius)隶属于东南亚分支,而东亚大陆分支A包含花魔芋(A. konjac)和西盟魔芋(A. krausei),东亚大陆分支B由东亚魔芋(A. kiusianus)、滇魔芋(A. yunnanensis)和东京魔芋(A. tonkinensis)构成。生境隔离与人为干扰造成了西南地区野生魔芋群体较低的遗传多样性,魔芋属东亚大陆分支的分化可能与早期的快速扩张和生态适应有关。该研究为西南地区魔芋资源的合理保护、可持续利用和杂交育种提供了参考资料。     

橡胶树AFLP银染体系的建立和优化

目的:扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)为遗传图谱的构建及育种的辅助选择提供了有力的工具。建立一套适合橡胶树的AFLP技术优化体系。方法:以197个GT1×IAN873橡胶树杂交群体为材料,通过对影响AFLP的多种关键因素如模板DNA质量、酶切连接体系、酶切连接反应时间、预扩增体系、选择性体系的分析进行研究。结果与结论:找出一套适于热带植物基因组DNA提取及橡胶树AFLP技术。用改进的CTAB法,经多次抽提纯化,用细玻璃棒挑出DNA得到高质量的模板DNA;酶切连接时DNA模板为250ng,反应体系采用各3U的EcoRⅠ/MseⅡ/T4连接酶,反应时间为9h;预扩增模板为稀释1/2的酶切连接产物,用量为1μL;选择性扩增要用稀释至1/20的预扩增产物。     

用AFLP技术研究花生根瘤菌的遗传多样性

采用AFLP分子标记技术,对分离自中国、津巴布韦、以色列的133株慢生花生根瘤菌(\%Bradyrhizobium \%sp.\%arachis)\%和13个代表菌株(\%Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Bradyrhizobium elkanii)\%的DNA扩增长度多态性进行了分析,并根据各供试菌株的遗传相似性进行了数值聚类。结果表明慢生花生根瘤菌群体内存在很高的遗传多样性,每个菌株的AFLP带谱均与其它菌株完全不同。AFLP技术简便、快速、重现性极高,能表现高信息量的DNA长度多态性,是目前研究生物群体内遗传多样性的最有效办法。     

裸燕麦AFLP反应体系的优化

影响裸燕麦AFLP反应的关键因素包括基因组DNA提取过程中氯仿-异戊醇的抽提次数,酶切时间,预扩增产物稀释倍数,选择性扩增中Mg2+、dNTP、引物浓度等.本研究对这些影响因素进行了优化,初步建立了适合裸燕麦的AFLP反应体系.并将该体系应用于引物筛选,在12份材料中,共筛选出20对条带清晰、多态性好的引物组合,为裸燕麦遗传多样性分析提供了基础.     

南药益智AFLP-PCR体系的建立与优化

[目的]建立适合南药益智的扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)扩增体系来研究不同地理居群益智遗传多样性。[方法]利用植物基因组试剂盒法提取高质量的益智基因组DNA,采用单因素和正交试验对AFLP过程中的酶切和PCR相关影响因素进行优化,并对适合益智AFLP分析的引物组合进行筛选。[结果]实验结果表明最佳酶切反应体系:模板DNA 0.6μg,酶量20 U,酶切时间2 h;最佳AFLP-PCR选择性扩增反应体系(总体积为25μL):10×PCR Buffer(不含Mg2+)2.5μL,d NTPs 2μL,Mg2+(25mmol/L)1.5μL,引物(10 pmol/μL)各2.0μL,Taq酶(5 U/ml)0.5μL,模板稀释25倍2μL。利用建立的最佳扩增体系从64对引物中筛选获得8对选择性引物适合益智AFLP分析。[结论]建立了稳定的AFLP-PCR体系,为研究益智遗传多样性的AFLP分析奠定了基础。     

峨眉山2种重楼属植物同域分化的分子遗传学及其形态学证据初探

对峨眉山2种重楼－小重楼（Paris polyphylla Smith var. minora S.F.Wang）、黒籽重楼（P. thibetica Franch）DNA进行了AFLP (扩增的限制性片段长度多态性)分析和形态上的差异分析。AFLP分析可知小重楼和黑籽重楼在DNA分子水平上表现出极为丰富的遗传多样性,每个种内个体间的相似性很大,但有明显种间的遗传差异。形态对比分析可知小重楼和黑籽重楼在花部性状上有明显的差异。AFLP和形态分析结果表明小重楼和黑籽重楼无论是在形态还是遗传上均有明显差异。它们之间已经有了明显的分化。     

蚕豆AFLP技术体系的建立与优化

对蚕豆DNA提取质量和浓度、DNA双酶切与连接、酶切连接产物的预扩增和选择性扩增等AFLP技术体系中的关键技术进行了优化处理,构建了蚕豆AFLP银染技术体系。酶切与连接可在12.5μl体系中一步完成,酶切连接温度为37℃,反应时间12~14 h;预扩增体系为20μl,选择性扩增体系为10μl。采用该技术体系应用8对引物构建的蚕豆种质资源AFLP指纹图谱,扩增条带多、多态性强且质量好,可满足遗传多样性分析要求。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细