植物细胞培养技术提高次生代谢物产量的方法(综述)

介绍植物细胞培养技术提高次生代谢物产量的方法。     

植物细胞培养生产次生代谢物的途径

利用植物细胞培养生产次生代谢产物是一种快速、高效获取天然产物的重要方法。本文从培养方法、培养技术、生物转化及基因工程应用三个方面,综述了近年来国内外应用于植物细胞培养生产次生代谢产物的途径及研究进展,论述了次生代谢产物的主要类型及合成途径,列举了应用实例和次生代谢物种类以及相应的培养条件,以期对快速选择提高目的次生代谢物的培养条件起到了一定指导作用。     

植物细胞培养生产次生代谢物新进展

第七届国际植物组织及细胞培养大会于1990年6月24日至29日在荷兰阿姆斯特丹召开。大会分为四个大的专题,即基因操作与快速繁殖;形态发生及初生代谢;次生代谢产物;生物技术与发展中国家。其中次生代谢产物这一专题有大会报告34篇,展出墙报199篇,笔者之一参加了这一专题的讨论。本文就这一领域的进展情况作一简要介绍。     

发根培养技术在植物次生代谢物生产中的应用

就利用发根培养技术生产次生代谢物的发展历史及研究现状、发根农杆菌的致病特征结构及机理、影响发根诱导的因素、发根培养技术及其所存在的问题和对策等作了简要的概述,同时对发根培养技术作了展望。     

利用细胞培养技术提高次生代谢物的产量

次生代谢物是植物体代谢的最终产物,由糖类、脂肪和氨基酸等有机物代谢衍生而来,储存在液泡或细胞壁中。我们知道的吲哚乙酸、赤霉素等植物激素,胡萝卜素、花青素等色素,奎宁碱、小檗碱、皂甙等药物以及橡胶等工业原料,都是重要的次生代谢物质。４０年代后期,Ｂｏｎ...     

诱导剂对植物细胞培养生产次生代谢物的作用

诱导剂可以诱导植物产生植物抗毒素,因此成为植物细胞培养次生代谢物生产中提高产量的一种手段。本文介绍了有关诱导剂在植物细胞生产次生代谢物方面的研究概况,重点介绍了诱导剂作用机理及第二信使的研究成果。     

诱导剂对植物细胞培养生产次生代谢物的作用

诱导剂可以诱导植物产生植物抗毒素,因此成为植物细胞培养次生代谢物生产中提高产量的一种手段。本文介绍了有关诱导剂在植物细胞生产次生代谢物方面的研究概况,重点介绍了诱导剂的作用机理及第二信使的研究成果。     

生产植物次生代谢物几项新技术研究进展

本文介绍了通过发状根培养技术、两相培养技术及反义技术生产植物次生代谢物的进展情况。     

植物细胞培养生产抗癌药物研究进展

本文综述了国外通过植物细胞培养生产抗癌药物的进展情况。并着重介绍了长春碱、鬼臼毒素及紫杉醇的研究概况。     

Bioprocess considerations for production of secondary metabolites by plant cell suspension cultures

Plant cell culture provides a viable alternative over whole plant cultivation for the production of secondary metabolites. In order to successfully cultivate the plant cells at large scale, several engineering parameters such as, cell aggregation, mixing, aeration, and shear sensitivity are taken into account for selection of a suitable bioreactor. The media ingredients, their concentrations and the environmental factors are optimized for maximal synthesis of a desired metabolite. Increased productivity in a bioreactor can be achieved by selection of a proper cultivation strategy (batch, fed-batch, two-stageetc.), feeding of metabolic precursors and extraction of intracellular metabolites. Proper understanding and rigorous analysis of these parameters would pave the way towards the successful commercialization of plant cell bioprocesses.     

气体成分对植物细胞悬浮培养的影响

气体成分对植物悬浮培养细胞的生长和次生代谢物的产量有深刻的影响。就有关氧、二氧化碳、乙烯和一些未知成分作用的研究进行了综述。     

刺激剂对植物细胞悬浮培养的影响

对刺激剂对植物细胞悬浮培养的影响及如何提高刺激剂的诱导率进行了综述。刺激剂对细胞悬浮培养的影响主要表现为酶活化、蛋白质含量改变、氧迸发、细胞程序性死亡、pH值改变、次生代谢产物积累等防御反应。提高刺激剂对悬浮培养细胞的诱导效率必须优化刺激剂的种类,刺激剂的浓度和加入时间,创建更好的诱导模式。     

Effect of carbon dioxide on cell growth and saponin production in suspension cultures of Panax ginseng

The effects of carbon dioxide supply within the range of 1–5 % (along with purified air), on cell culture of Panax ginseng were investigated in a balloon type bubble bioreactor containing 4 dm³ of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 7.0 mg dm⁻³ indolebutyric acid, 0.5 mg dm⁻³ kinetin and 30 g dm⁻³ sucrose. A 1 % CO₂ supply was found beneficial for the production of cell mass; however, increasing CO₂ concentration to 2.5 and 5 % decreased the biomass accumulation. CO₂ enrichment was not beneficial for saponin production and 1, 2.5, and 5 % CO₂ supply resulted in decrease in saponin accumulation up to 11.6, 19.5, and 50.6 %, respectively.     

Medicinal plant cell suspension cultures: pharmaceutical applications and high-yielding strategies for the desired secondary metabolites

The development of plant tissue (including organ and cell) cultures for the production of secondary metabolites has been underway for more than three decades. Plant cell cultures with the production of high-value secondary metabolites are promising potential alternative sources for the production of pharmaceutical agents of industrial importance. Medicinal plant cell suspension cultures (MPCSC), which are characterized with the feature of fermentation with plant cell totipotency, could be a promising alternative “chemical factory”. However, low productivity becomes an inevitable obstacle limiting further commercialization of MPCSC and the application to large-scale production is still limited to a few processes. This review generalizes and analyzes the recent progress of this bioproduction platform for the provision of medicinal chemicals and outlines a range of trials taken or underway to increase product yields from MPCSC. The scale-up of MPCSC, which could lead to an unlimited supply of pharmaceuticals, including strategies to overcome and solution of the associated challenges, is discussed.     

Scaleup of ajmalicine production by plant cell cultures of Catharanthus roseus

The effect of scaleup on he production of ajmalicine by a Catharanthus roseus cell suspension culture in a selected induction medium were studied. In preliminary experiments it was observed that the culture turned brown and the production was inhibited upon transfer from a shake flask to a stirred bioreactor with forced aeration. Two factors were recognized as the potential origin of the differences between shake flask and bioreactor cultures: gas composition and mechanical shear forces. These factors were studied separately.By recirculating a large part of the exhaust gas, a comparable gas regime was obtained in a bioreactor as occurred in a shake flask cultures. This resulted in the absence of browning and a similar pattern of ajmalicine production as observed in shake flasks. The effect of shear forces could not be demonstrated. However, the experiments showed that the culture may be very sensitive to liquid phase concentrations of gaseous compounds. The effects of k(L)a, aeration rate, CO(2) production rate, and influent gas phase CO(2) concentration on the liquid phase CO(2) concentration are discussed. (c) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Taxol production in suspension cultures of Taxus baccata

The response of Taxus baccata (PC2) to basic manipulations of culture conditions is described. Suspension cultures of Taxus baccata (PC2) were maintained at 25°C on a modified B5 medium with two-week transfers. Under these conditions, no taxol^® is formed. However, if the cells are left in the same medium for 7 or more additional days, taxol is produced and released (ca. 90%) into the extracellular medium. Levels as high as 13 mg 1^–1 extracellular taxol were achieved in shake flask cultures and taxol was the primary taxane formed representing between 50 and 80% of total taxane in the medium. The cells are sensitive to changes in culture conditions and cultures cycle through periods of high (13 mg 1^–1) and low (<0.1 mg 1^–1) levels of taxol production during extended culture. Picloram was the most effective of the auxins tested with respect to cell growth but it suppressed taxol production. Addition of fructose to moderately-productive cultures (ca. 4 mg 1^–1) improved taxol production, but cultures in a high producing state did not respond. Glucose suppressed taxane production. Two isoprenoids (geraniol and pinene) had a modest effect on taxol production when added to cultures at 10 mg 1^–1.®|Taxol is a registered trademark of Bristol Meyer Squibb for paclitaxel     

Secondary product formation in plant tissue cultures

The formation of secondary products in plant tissue culturesis reviewed. The conditions for the enhanced production of secondaryproducts, which include alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids andphenolics, can be regulated in a number of ways. For example,manipulation of secondary product formation is possible by varyingthe nutrient composition of the growth medium, light, temperatureand pH, and by the use of elicitors, permeabilisation and two-stagesystems. Molecular engineering and the use of biomass and large-scaleculture are described along with future prospects for the commercialproduction of secondary products from cell suspension cultures.