太行山猕猴寰椎和枢椎的初步研究

对成年太行山猕猴寰椎和枢椎变量进行了测量;以肱骨最大长为参照,对其变量进行了异速生长分析。结果表明：寰椎全宽及枢椎椎孔横径接近等速生长,其余变量均为负异速生长。     

太行山猕猴第Ⅶ颈椎变量的异速生长分析

以肱骨最大长为参照,对成年太行山猕猴第Ⅶ颈椎变量进行了异速生长分析。结果表明,椎体后高、椎体上矢径、全宽呈正异速生长;椎体下横径接近等速生长;椎体前高、椎体下矢径、椎体上横径、椎孔矢径、椎孔横径、矢径呈负异速生长。     

中国汉族男性腰椎的身高推断

本文研究了中国汉族男性腰椎的测量及腰椎推断身高的方法。测量指标有 :椎体前高、椎体后高、椎体上矢径、椎体下矢径、椎体上横径、椎体下横径、椎体中部横径、椎孔矢状径、椎孔横径、左侧椎弓根厚度。将各腰椎的测量数据与身高进行了相关分析并建立了中国汉族男性腰椎推断身高的回归方程。本研究所建立的方程 ,可以用于中国汉族男性腰椎的身高推断。     

太行山猕猴寰椎桥的类型与特征

为了确定太行山猕猴(Macaca mulatta)的椎动脉沟上3种骨桥（腹桥、侧桥和背桥）的分布特征，以期理解在人类寰椎上观察到的变异，并推测灵长类动物可能的进化趋势。本文分别测量57例（雄性17例，雌性40例）猕猴寰椎标本（成年骨骼标本）3个寰椎桥的宽度。并采用SPSS统计软件进行数据处理，性别之间差异采用方差分析，观察寰椎桥的出现率、形态特征和组合类型。统计结果显示，猕猴寰椎桥变量性差显著(P<0.05)，猕猴的腹桥和背桥是恒定出现(100%)，侧桥基本恒定，但也有一些缺失个案(90.3%)，表明腹桥和背桥是猕猴稳定的特征；猕猴寰椎桥的主要类型为原始的A型，与主要类型为D型的人科动物发生分离。我们基于以上特征后得出结论，猕猴的3个寰椎桥是一种稳定性状，其出现率明显高于类人猿。     

无角牦牛体尺性状对体重影响的通径分析

旨在通过无角牦牛体尺性状对其体重作较为准确的估计,剖分牦牛各体尺性状对体重的影响。实验随机选取247头8-10月龄的无角牦牛为研究对象,其中公牛155头,母牛92头;测量各牦牛的体长、体高、胸围和管围4个体尺数据,并称量其体重;采用逐步线性回归的方法建立无角牦牛体重与体尺的多元线性回归方程;利用通径分析的方法计算各体尺性状对体重的直接作用和间接作用。结果表明,公牛的胸围和管围之间的相关系数未达到显著水平(P0.05),其他各性状之间的表型相关系数均达到了极显著水平(P0.01);公牛和母牛体重与体尺的多元线性回归方程分别为Y=-86.969+0.338X_1+1.082X_3+0.905X_4和Y=-85.693+0.440X_2+0.860X_3+1.972X_4,其中Y为体重(kg)、X_1为体高(cm)、X_2为体长(cm)、X_3为胸围(cm)、X_4为管围(cm),回归方程算得的体重估计值与体重实际观察值之间差异不显著;胸围对体重的直接作用大于其他体尺性状的直接作用,并大于其他形态性状通过胸围而影响体重的间接作用。结果提示,本研究建立的多元线性方程可应用于无角牦牛的良种选育实践,通径分析结果表明影响无角牦牛体重的主要因素来自于其胸围指标。     

卤虫染色体倍性组成的研究

本文报道了我国4个地理品系卤虫的染色体倍性组成及卵径分布,分析了卤虫染色体的非整倍性,讨论了卤虫种的分布。 天津卤虫有2倍体(2n=42),占33.3％和5倍体,占16.2％;染色体数的波动为21—108;卵径为262±17μm。 海南卤虫有2倍体(2n=42),占8％;4倍体,占17.7％;5倍体,占18.3％;染色体数的波动为16—111;卵径为285±15μm。 新疆卤虫有2倍体(2n=42),占39.2％;染色体数的波动为17—106;卵径为269±15μm。 山西卤虫有2倍体(2n=42),占45.1％,染色体数的波动为17—84;卵径为234±13μm。     

臭椿沟眶象成虫越冬场所选择的关键因子

昆虫成虫越冬前会选择合适的越冬场所,为了更好地控制臭椿沟眶象Eucryptorrhynchus brandti(Harold)成虫,需要了解其越冬场所的特点,找出影响其越冬场所选择的关键因素,以便开展越冬场所管理和翌年发生预测。在宁夏臭椿沟眶象发生区,采用平行线取样方法中的随机调查法调查臭椿沟眶象越冬场所(寄主、寄主树下植被、土壤温湿度)、越冬的树干方位、越冬位置距树干距离等情况。用皮尔逊相关性与多元统计分析方法确定影响其越冬的主要因素为胸径(X_1)、流胶孔数(X_2)、羽化孔数(X_2)、土壤湿度(X_3)、越冬土壤深度(X_5)、越冬树干方位(X_7)对臭椿沟眶象越冬成虫数量有显著影响(P≤0.05),建立的多元回归模型为Y=-26.267+0.258X_1-1.138X_2+5.276X_3+0.824X_5+20.191X_7-0.707X_(10),R~2=0.586,正判率为63.4%。对越冬成虫数量的实测值与预估值进行t-检验,发现预估值与实测值之间无显著差异(P=0.103≥0.05)。建立的多元回归模型,能够预测翌年害虫发生情况,利用其选择越冬场所的特点,为开展臭椿沟眶象潜所诱杀提供理论依据。     

杉木叶形态特征与叶面积估算模型

植物叶片是碳水交换和能量平衡过程最重要的场所,是农林生产经营中的模型估算以及物种结构变异-功能适应机制分析的关键参考量。采用游标卡尺和手持叶面积仪,测量杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)单叶叶长(LL)、最大叶宽(LW_(max))、最大叶厚(LT_(max))3个直测指标,和叶面积(LA)、平均叶宽(LW_(mean))、平均叶厚(LT_(mean))、叶延长率(LE)和叶周长(LP)5个间接转算指标。分析8个形态学指标的统计分布及其相关性,用多变量线性回归模型和非线性回归指数模型对7个形态学指标和杉木单叶叶面积进行拟合,结果表明:杉木单叶面积大部分值(95%CI)分布在0.758—0.836 cm~2,其叶面积的变异程度最大(CV=0.513),叶长、叶宽与叶面积相关性达到极显著(r=0.896,0.682)。拟合LA的多元线性模型为:Y=-0.388+0.165X_1-0.023X_2+1.453X_3(R~2=0.981,SE=0.053),X_1—X_3分别为LP、LE、LW_(mean)。从简便性上考虑,LL的单变量指数模型适合对LA进行估算:LA=0.1×(1+LL)~(1.398)(R~2=0.77,!~2=0.39)。研究结果为准确估测其他叶片功能性状指标提供了方法,为杉木叶面积估算模型提供了基础数据。     

辣椒品种对烟粉虱的抗生性研究

【目的】通过对不同品种辣椒叶片内容物和烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)种群数量的相关关系研究,探讨辣椒品种对烟粉虱的抗生性机制。【方法】在不同品种辣椒上饲养烟粉虱,研究烟粉虱的种群趋势指数,同时测定不同辣椒品种叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸、酚类化合物和黄酮类化合物含量,分析烟粉虱种群数量与辣椒内容物的相关关系。【结果】不同品种辣椒上烟粉虱的种群趋势指数存在显著差异;抗虫辣椒品种叶片中可溶性糖、酚类化合物和黄酮类化合物含量显著高于感虫品种,可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸含量显著低于感虫品种。烟粉虱种群趋势指数与可溶性糖、酚类化合物和黄酮类化合物含量呈显著负相关,与可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸含量呈显著的正相关,其中可溶性糖含量对烟粉虱种群趋势指数影响最大。对可溶性糖(X_1)、可溶性蛋白(X_2)、游离脯氨酸(X_3)、酚类化合物(X_4)、黄酮类化合物(X_5)的含量5个因素与烟粉虱种群趋势指数(Y)进行多元回归分析,其回归方程为:Y=47.801-1.754X_1+1.206X_2+1.108X_3-0.437X_4-0.649X_5(R~2=0.688)。【结论】抗性辣椒品种对烟粉虱具有明显的抗生性。     

七个气象因子对海南山蛭种群数量动态影响八年观测研究

在海南岛五指山腹地橡胶林中系统观测海南山蛭种群数量变动8年．对海南山蛭种群数量Y与气候因素X_(1-n)的关系建立逐步最优回归方程Y=b_0 b_1X_1 b_2X_2 …… b_nX_n计算分析采用国际标准化最新版本SAS(6.11)软件进行分析．逐步回归分析表明：1）每年海南山蛭种群数量变动不同,影响其数量变动主要因素是X_1,X_2和X_3.2）雨季（5～10月）种群数量明显大,其主要影响因素是X_1,X_2和X_5,旱季（11月～次年4月）种群数量小,其主要影响因素是X_1.3）8年19条回归方程,7个气象因素中影响种群数量变动的主要气象因素是X_1,X_2和X_5,X_7,与山蛭生物学特性一致,本研究结果为山蛭防治提供科依据．     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.