Floristic quality assessment signals human disturbance over natural variability in a wetland system

A common concern regarding the popular Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) method is whether the site floristic quality scores change with natural temporal and site-specific variability. The more ignored question is whether this background variability will confound the index of human disturbance. Using non-forested seasonal wetlands in the northeastern United States, we tested if two common indices of site floristic quality (FQAI, Mean CoC) provide clear signals of site condition relative to gradients of wetland area and surface water depth, and consistent signals across time of year (early vs. late growing season), geomorphic setting (connected vs. isolated), and vegetation community type (pine barrens vernal pond, wet sedge meadow, shrub swamp). Mean CoC is the coefficient of conservatism (a qualitative estimate of species’ sensitivity to human disturbance) averaged across the native and exotic taxa observed at a given site, and FQAI is the traditional Floristic Quality Assessment Index where Mean CoC is multiplied by square root of taxa richness. The FQAI did not linearly correspond to the site condition gradient and thus it could not be evaluated. Mean CoC was clearly associated with site condition, with no interference from wetland area or water level (based on computer-intensive resampling of linear model fit). Mean CoC also varied consistently with site condition between the surveys, geomorphic settings, and community types (based on computer-intensive resampling of linear model slope). However, connected wetlands showed inherently greater Mean CoC than isolated wetlands, suggesting a comparison of floristic quality between these categories would not be prudent. Overall this study suggests that FQA in the form of Mean CoC may withstand natural variability in certain non-forested wetland systems. Instead of assuming FQA is overly sensitive to natural variability, we recommend further efforts to identify situations in which FQA is robust.     

Floristic homogenization as a teleconnected trend in oceanic islands

Aim We searched for evidence of floristic homogenization in widespread oceanic archipelagos. Location Twelve oceanic archipelagos in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans: Ascension, Azores, Canary, Cape Verde, Desventuradas, Easter, Galápagos, Hawaii, Juan Fernández, Madeira, Puerto Rico and Savage. Methods By using Jaccard’s index, we established the floristic similarity between pairs of archipelagos at two stages: original (pre‐European; J_o) and current flora (J_c). Then, we calculated ΔJ = J_c–J_o, where positive differences imply that similarity has increased floristic homogenization. Results We found that floristic similarity increased fourfold on average, from 1.6% to 6.3% for original and current floras, respectively. In fact, we recorded 64 cases in which floristic similarity increased and only two in which it decreased. The importance of invasions exceeds that of extirpations as a driver of biotic change by more than an order of magnitude (2679 versus 142 species, respectively). Main conclusions The vascular floras of these 12 insular oceanic systems have increased in compositional similarity, a phenomenon consistent with the trend towards biotic homogenization. It can be characterized as a teleconnected process that operates across vast geographical distances, driven by the unprecedented capacity of humans for translocation. Trends in biotic homogenization differ depending on the geographical location (i.e. Pacific < Atlantic archipelagos) and phylogenetic groups (island vascular plants > island birds reported in a previous study), emphasizing the complexity of biotic change.     

杭州西湖风景区种子植物区系分析

统计分析了杭州西湖风景区野生种子植物区系,该区共有野生种子植物143科,572属,1111种（含种下分类群）。科的分布区类型以泛热带占优势,达48.9%,热带成分的科远多于温带成分的科（64∶28）;从属的分布区类型看,温带成分的属多于热带成分的属（268∶220）;种的分布区类型中,温带成分的种数远比热带成分的种数多（502∶234）;说明该区亚热带北部区系特征显著。另一方面,本区以单种属和寡种属为主,种的分布区类型中,东亚分布（33.7%）与中国特有分布（32.2%）相当,东亚分布中绝大部分属于中国-日本共有。以中国区系分区标准,将中国特有分布种划分成9个分布亚型,其中以华东-华中-华南分布最多（46.0%）。结果表明该区种子植物丰富、地理成分多样,具有明显的华东东部植物区系特征。     

云南云龙水库地区种子植物区系研究

云龙水库地区有种子植物446种(含亚种和变种),隶属于117科299属。区系成分中,世界分布35属, 占全部属数的11.70％,热带分布109属,占除世界分布属以外的41.29％(下同),温带分布151属,占57.20％, 中国特有4属,占1.51％。区系组成复杂,生物多样性丰富,具有以温带分布为主的亚热带植物区系性质。     

浙江百山祖自然保护区种子植物区系分析

统计分析了浙江庆元百山祖自然保护区的种子植物区系。该区共有种子植物 16 7科、70 0属、 15 45种 (含种下分类群 )。科的分布区类型以泛热带分布最多 ,达 33 5 % ,热带分布的科多于温带分布的科 (75 4 4) ,16个表征科中 ,大多也是以热带分布的科 ;本区以单种属和寡种属为主 ,属的分布区类型以泛热带分布最多 (2 0 2 % ) ,其次是北温带分布(13 9% ) ,热带分布与温带分布的属几相当 (30 4 317) ;种的分布区类型以中国特有种最多(4 8 4 % ) ,其次是东亚分布 (2 3 9% )和热带亚洲分布 (13 6 % )。以中国区系分区标准 ,将特有分布种划分成 9个分布亚型 ,其中以华东 -华中 -华南分布最多 (2 5 9种 )。百山祖自然保护区种子植物丰富 ,区系起源古老 ,地理成分多样 ,具有明显的华东南缘山地植物区系特征 ,并且拥有众多特有、珍稀濒危植物     

广西特有植物区系特征研究

分析论述了广西特有植物区系特征。结果表明:(1)广西特有植物共859种,隶属于119科303属,其中蕨类植物15科22属42种,裸子植物3科4属7种,被子植物101科277属810种。这些特有种中,以草本植物种类最多,有440种,灌木、乔木类型次之。(2)地理成分复杂多样,分布交错混杂。种子植物科包含9个分布类型,属包含14个分布类型。种则依据在广西区内地理分布可划分为5个分布亚型,其中以桂西南分布种类最多。(3)科属种的水平上都表现出明显的的热带-亚热带性质。4.区系成份兼具古老性和年青性,并表现出岩溶地区特有化发展的特征。     

Floristic inventory of wild plants of Peshawar university campus

Floristic inventory of wild plants comprised of total 129 plant species belonging to 42 families and 101 genera. Location wise UAP contributed greater amount of plant species (53%), followed by PFI (29%), UoP (15%) and Islamia College (3%). Majority of the plants were annual herbs (58%), followed by perennial herbs (29%), trees (10%) and shrubs (3%), respectively. The leading families included Poaceae, contributed 18% of all the plant species. Habitat wise, 44% of them grew in grassy plains, abandoned lands and mismanaged lawns, followed by roadsides (34%), undulating grassy plains (15%) and stony grounds with uneven topography along with stream banks and drainage ditches (7%). Still some of plant species were used as ornamentals, while some shrubs were use in fencing around fields; others were utilized as green manure, for fishing, sheltering and religious purposes. Exploring and identifying the wild flora of the campus and compiling as a handbook would help to monitor new plants introductions particularly of noxious invasive weeds in the campuses in future.     

千佛山自然保护区种子植物区系特征研究

在对千佛山自然保护区详细调查的基础上,对其种子植物的科、属分布区类型进行了统计分析。结果表明:(1)保护区内种子植物丰富,共153科767属2494种;(2)优势科、属明显;(3)区系起源古老;(4)种子植物地理成分复杂,吴征镒划分的中国种子植物属的15大分布类型在千佛山均有分布;(5)种子植物区系在科和属级水平上均显示出温带性质,温带分布属475属,占总属数的61.9%;(6)特有属、种丰富。     

重庆特有种子植物区系特征研究

基于野外调查和文献查询,统计重庆地区特有种子植物数量,分析论述了重庆特有种子植物区系特征。结果表明:(1)重庆特有种子植物共有153种,隶属于40科97属;这些特有植物中,草本最多,有103种,灌木、乔木次之。(2)地理成分复杂多样,种子植物科包含6个分布类型及1个变型;属包含8个分布类型及10个变型;种则依据重庆市生态功能区划分为11个类型。(3)科级水平上,热带-亚热带性质占57.14%,温带性质占42.86%;属级水平上,热带-亚热带性质占23.53%,温带性质占64.71%;体现了该区从热带向温带过渡的性质。(4)重庆特有种子植物具有明显分布中心,其分布多度序列为:金佛山常绿阔叶林生物多样性保护生态功能区大巴山生物多样性保护与水土保持生态功能区市郊水源水质保护生态功能区消落带人工湿地水质保护生态功能区。     

Floristic notes from the mountains of Northern Greece Materials for the Mountain Flora of Greece, 7

The authors present an annotated list of rare or otherwise interesting vascular plants collected in the mountains of northern Greece by themselves in 1979 and by Strid and Georgiadou in 1977. The following are apparently new to Greece: Thesium linophyllon L. ssp. montanum (Ehrh. ex. Hoffm.) Čelak., Moehringia pendulo (Waldst. & Kit.) Fenzl, Gypsophila glomerata Pallas ex. Bieb., Dianthus peiraeus Waldst. & Kit. ssp. noeanus (Boiss.) Tutin, Dianthus superbus L., Ranunculus fon–tanus C. Presl, Thlaspi arvense L., Potentilla apennina Ten. ssp. stoianovii Urum. & Jav., Trifolium badium Schreber, Rhamnus pumila Turra, Viola palustris L., Athamanta albanica Alston & Sandwith, Peucedanum oligophyllum ssp. aequiradium (Vandas) Tutin, Vaccinium gaultherioides Bigelow, Galeopsis speciosa Miller, G. bifida Boenn., Melampyrum sylvaticum L., Odontites lutea (L.) Clairv., Sambucus racemosa L., Symphyandra wanneri (Rochel) Heuffel, Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Achillea distans Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., Centaurea grbavacensis (Rohlena) Stoj. & Acht., C. indurata Janka, Lactuca aurea (Schultz Bip. ex PanČić) Stebbins, Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill., F. pirinica Horvat ex Markgr.–Dannenb., Sparganium minimum (Hartm.) Fries, and Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl.     

天津市种子植物区系成分分析

天津市共有种子植物1 471种（含种下等级）,隶属于720属140科,其中裸子植物7科、10属、16种;被子植物133科、710属、1 455种。另外,具有中国特有属11属。通过对天津种子植物区系的组成、地理成分、区系特征进行分析,得出主要结论如下：种子植物较丰富;植物区系起源古老,但也具有年轻性;区系成分复杂,特别是北温带成分占优势,但是在温带地区内有大比例的热带、亚热带属种的出现,说明本植物区系有着更为喜暖的祖先;多种区系成分汇集,与周邻联系广泛,地理成分以华北成分为主。     

子午岭种子植物区系分析

子午岭林区计有种子植物94科361属689种。其中裸子植物3科8属10种1变种;被子植物91科353属678种。中国特有属8个,特有种271个,子午岭特有种1个。其种子植物区系的基本特征是：植物种类相对丰富;区系成分复杂,多种成分交汇;区系组成以华北成分为主体,以温带成分占优势;南北区系成分存在差异,垂直分布带谱不明显;在中国植物区系上隶属于泛北极植物区中国-日本森林植物亚区的华北地区黄土高原植物亚地区。     

浙江省台州市种子植物区系分析

台州市种子植物丰富,据统计有野生种子植物150科、784属、1892种(含种下分类群),其中裸子植物6科、12属、16种,被子植物144科、772属、1876种。优势科明显,其中10种以上的科有45个,含526属、1453种,分别占总属数、总种数的67.09%、76.80%。本区系历史悠久,起源古老,小属和极小属共707个,占总属数的90.18%。科的分布区类型以热带、亚热带分布最多,其次是世界分布,第3是温带分布。属的分布区类型可划分为14类,以温带性成分为主,也兼有相当比例的热带性成分,具有亚热带特性。地理成分复杂,与世界各地联系广泛。该地区有中国特有属14属,列为国家首批保护的珍稀植物20种。     

Floristic turnover in Iceland from 15 to 6 Ma – extracting biogeographical signals from fossil floral assemblages

Aim This study aims to document the floristic changes that occurred in Iceland between 15 and 6 Ma and to establish the dispersal mechanisms for the plant taxa encountered. Using changing patterns of dispersal, two factors controlling floristic changes are tested. Possible factors are (1) climate change, and (2) the changing biogeography of Iceland over the time interval studied; that is, the presence or absence of a Miocene North Atlantic Land Bridge. Location The North Atlantic. Methods Species lists of fossil plants from Iceland in the time period 15 to 6 Ma were compiled using published data and new data. Closest living analogues were used to establish dispersal properties for the fossil taxa. Dispersal mechanisms of fossil plants were then used to reconstruct how Iceland was colonized during various periods. Results Miocene floras of Iceland (15–6 Ma) show relatively high floristic turnover from the oldest floras towards the youngest; and few taxa from the oldest floras persist in the younger floras. The frequencies of the various dispersal mechanisms seen in the 15‐Ma floras are quite different from those recorded in the 6‐Ma floras, and there is a gradual change in the prevailing mode of dispersal from short‐distance anemochory and dyschory to long‐distance anemochory. Two mechanisms can be used to explain changing floral composition: (1) climate change, and (2) the interaction between the dispersal mechanisms of plants and the increasing isolation of proto‐Iceland during the Miocene. Main conclusions Dispersal mechanisms can be used to extract palaeogeographic signals from fossil floras. The composition of floras and dispersal mechanisms indicate that Iceland was connected both to Greenland and to Europe in the early Middle Miocene, allowing transcontinental migration. The change in prevalence of dispersal modes from 15 to 6 Ma appears to reflect the break‐up of a land bridge and the increasing isolation of Iceland after 12 Ma. Concurrent gradual cooling and isolation caused changes in species composition. Specifically, the widening of the North Atlantic Ocean prevented taxa with limited dispersal capability from colonizing Iceland, while climate cooling led to the extinction of thermophilous taxa.     

乌江河岸带维管植物区系的初步研究

对乌江河岸带维管植物区系的研究结果表明,河岸带共有维管植物69科187属302种,其中蕨类植物9科10属16种,裸子植物1科1属1种,被子植物59科176属285种。生活型以草本为主,其次是灌木。科、属、种的分布区类型多样,在科级水平上有7个类型和4个变型,在属级水平上有13个类型和10个变型,在种级水平上有15个类型和13个变型。地理联系较为广泛,与北温带植物区系联系最为紧密,其次是泛热带植物区系和东亚植物区系。科、属的优势现象较为明显。该河岸带植物区系呈亚热带性质,与热带植物区系有较高的亲缘关系。     

高黎贡山南段种子植物区系的特有现象

高黎贡山南段是全球生物多样性研究热点地区之一,迄今计有野生种子植物192科878属2 807种.这一区域不仅植物的种类丰富,而且特有现象较为显著.其中东亚特有科8个、中国特有属17个、中国特有种1 085个、云南特有种305个、高黎贡山南段特有种82个.特殊地质历史和生态环境,使得高黎贡山南段既保留了许多古老特有成分,又孕育了许多新生特有成分.     

广西拉沟自然保护区种子植物区系研究

通过调查统计,广西拉沟自然保护区共有野生种子植物153科594属985种.种子植物区系组成丰富,地理成分复杂,具有中亚热带向南热带过渡性质.在科、属水平上对植物区系特性进行了统计分析,热带性质均强于温带性质,属的成分以泛热带分布、热带亚洲分布为主.与邻近地区植物区系相比较,拉沟自然保护区与广西大瑶山自然保护区相似性较高,与广西花坪自然保护区相似性较低.     

江西三清山维管束植物区系分析

三清山位于赣东北怀玉山脉东端,维管束植物繁多,有193科878属1 915种。通过分析科、属、种的分布区类型,结果表明:科的分布区类型以泛热带分布最多(34.2%),其次为世界分布(31.09%)和北温带分布(15.03%),温带分布少于热带分布(41:90);属的分布区类型以北温带分布最多(17.88%),其次为泛热带分布(14.81%)和东亚分布(12.76%),温带分布多于热带分布(427:341);种的分布区类型以中国特有分布最多(48.92%),其次为东亚分布(30.73%)和热带亚洲分布(6.73%),温带分布远多于热带分布(705:245),表明该区植物区系具有明显的亚热带山地植物区系性质。以区系分区区划作为分析地理分布特征的单位,将三清山的中国特有分布型划分为12个亚型,以华东-华中-西南(华南)分布亚型所占比例最大,反映出各区系间联系密切。     

北京植物增补

本文报道了《北京植物志》未记录的植物计31种、3变种、1变型。其中26种、3变种为北京植物区系新记录;4个属(水龙骨属、银穗草属、珊瑚兰属、虎舌兰属)为北京新记录属。     

瓦屋山国家森林公园种子植物区系研究

瓦屋山国家森林公园位于青藏高原向四川盆地过渡的地区。区内有种子植物148科,686属,1743种。大科、大属在区系组成中起着非常重要的作用。区系成分的丰富性、温带成分的主体性、特有植物与珍稀濒危植物的集中性是该区种子植物区系的主要特征。