Aphyllophorales della Pineta di is Arenas (Oristano)

Abstract

L'autore riferisce sui primi ritrovamenti di Aphyllophorales ad Is Arenas, pineta litoranea che si estende sulla costa occidentale della Sardegna, in provincia di Oristano. Le specie segnalate sono 48 e tra queste: Crustoderma dryinum (Berk. & Curt.) Parm., Hyphoderma malençonii (Manjón & Moreno) Manjón, Moreno & Hjortstam, Peniophora tamaricicola Boid. & Malençon, Phanerochaete magnoliae (Berk. & Curt.) Burds., Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. Frank) Donk, sono risultate nuove per la micoflora italiana.     

Jaltomata II: new combinations for five South American species (Solanaceae)

The following species, originally described in the genusSaracha Ruiz & Pav., are transferred toJaltomata, in accordance with contemporary generic boundaries.Jaltomata auriculata (Miers) Mione is distributed from Venezuela to Peru;J. contorta (Ruiz & Pav.) Mione andJ. diversa (J. F. Macbr.) Mione both occur in Peru;J. herrerae (C. V. Morton) Mione is distributed in Peru and Bolivia;J. nitida (Bitter) Mione occurs in Venezuela.     

Micromiceti etiopici ed eritrei

Riassunto

Si elencano, illustrando con i dovdti particolari le entita nuove o compunque di speciale interesse, settantadue specie fungine, in gran parte segnalate per la prima volta in Africa orientale, raccolte personalmente dall'A. e in piccola parte dai proff. I. Baldrati e R. Ciferri.

Dodici specie: Melioloa (Irenopsis) Hypoestes, Phaeodimeriella Negrii, Stigmatea Hageniae, Lembosia Peyronelii, Parasterina Olcae-chrysophyllae, Seynesia Polystachiae, Puccinia Asystasiae, P. Dracaenae, Uromyces Beckeropsidis, Linochora Acaciae, Phicospora Hageniac e Septoria Pentarrhini vengono descritte come nuove; come nuova si considera pure la var. aethiopicus di Uromyces melosporus (Therry Syd… In seguito al reperimento dei teleutoconidi di Hemileia Rhois E. Cast. se ne conferma e completa la diagnosi.     

New and noteworthy records of mosses from Italian national and regional Parks

Some remarkable mosses, as a result of the study of both recent collections and a review of herbarium specimens, are reported in this paper. They are: Anomodon rugelii (Müll.Hal.) Keissl., new record from southern Italy, a moss very rare in the Mediterranean region and considered threatened in many European countries; Blindia acuta (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. and Dichodontium palustre (Dicks.) M. Stech, both new records from Sicily, are very rare mosses in Italy. Moreover, a new locality in Sicily for the little-known species Tortula bolanderi (Lesq. & James) M. Howe is reported.     

A reassessment of some Asian species of Heterophyllium (Schimp.) Kindb. (Pylaisiadelphaceae,Bryophyta)

Introduction. Heterophyllium albicans Thér., H. henryi Tixier, H. micro-alare (Broth. & Paris) Broth. and H. tonkinense (Broth. & Paris) Broth. were all either poorly known species or known only from the type collections since their inception.

Methods. Examination of the type material confirmed that the alar cell structure in these species do not conform to the generic concept of Heterophyllium (Schimp.) Kindb. The study also revealed some new features previously unreported in these species, i.e., the filamentous pseudoparaphyllia, one of the characteristic features of the genus Isopterygium Mitt.

Key Results & Conclusions. Three new combinations, Isopterygium albicans (Thér.) Y.Jia & S.He, I. micro-alare (Broth. & Paris) Y.Jia & S.He, and I. tonkinense (Broth. & Paris) Y.Jia & S.He are proposed. Heterophyllium henryi Tixier is treated as a new synonym of Brotherella henonii (Duby) M.Fleisch.     

Sulla cariologia del Genere Carlina L.

Riassunto

L'A. ha studiato i cariogrammi di 6 specie italiane del genere Carlina L. (C. gummifera Less. var. Fontanesii (DC.) Fiori, C. acaulis L. var. alpina (Jacq.) Fiori, C. acanthifolia All., C. lanata L., C. vulgaris L., C. carymbosa L.).

Il corredo cromosomico è 2n = 20 per tutte le specie. Per la presenza di un gruppo di cromosomi della lunghezza superiore a 4 μ nelle specie a grossi capolini, si rende possibile distinguere auche cariologicamente nel genere Carlina L. due sezioni, corrispondenti alla possibile distinzione morfologica delle Carline in Macrocefale (C. gummifera Less. var. Fontanesii (DC) Fiori, C. acaulis L. var. alpina (Jacq.) Fiori, C. acanthifolia All., C. latana L.) e Microcefale (C. vulgaris L. e C. eorymbosa L.).     

Nationalization and Globalization Trends in the Wild Mushroom Commerce of Italy with Emphasis on Porcini (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Boletus edulis</Emphasis> and Allied Species)

Nationalization and Globalization Trends in the Wild Mushroom Commerce of Italy with Emphasis on Porcini ( Boletus edulis and Allied Species). This paper presents an historical overview of wild mushroom commerce in Italy, with a focus on recent trends in the production of porcini (Boletus edulis and closely allied species). Over the past century, two major trends—nationalization and globalization—have been apparent in the wild mushroom commerce of Italy. First, a simplified national mushroom menu has emerged through processes of governmental regulation and culinary fashion, but it has come at the expense of differing, localized mushroom traditions which may suffer under the European Union’s free trade principles. Second, Italy has emerged as a focal point of a global market for a small number of mushroom species—particular porcini. While the name porcini has become synonymous with Italian cuisine, and in spite of a vibrant tradition of recreational mushroom collecting in Italy, most of the porcini commercially available in Italy or exported by Italy are no longer of Italian origin. Porcini and other mushrooms now flow into Italy from all over the world—especially from China and eastern Europe—and are then often exported as “Italian porcini.” This globalization of the wild mushroom trade, while offering significant income to rural producers and processors around the globe, has other effects as well, for example, a kind of national branding as “Italian” of globally-produced products, of which porcini is one, that is in direct opposition to some of the European Union’s rules for regional denominations.

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Processi di Nazionalizzazione e Globalizzazione nel Commercio Italiano dei Funghi spontanei, con Particolare Riguardo ai Porcini ( Boletus edulis e Specie Affini). Questo articolo presenta una panoramica storica sul commercio dei funghi spontanei in Italia, con particolare riguardo alle recenti tendenze nella produzione dei porcini (Boletus edulis e specie affini). Nello scorso secolo si sono osservate due tendenze principali—di nazionalizzazione e di globalizzazione—nel commercio dei funghi spontanei in Italia. In primo luogo si è affermata nel territorio nazionale una tradizione limitata al consumo di un numero contenuto di specie, sia per effetto di alcune normative che di mode culinarie, ma ciò è avvenuto a discapito di tradizioni locali più ricche, che potrebbero ulteriormente risentire dei principi per il libero scambio all’interno dell’Unione Europea. In secondo luogo, l’Italia si è posta in evidenza come un punto nodale per il mercato globale di alcune specie fungine, in particolare dei porcini. Nonostante quest’ultimo termine sia tradizionalmente associato alla cucina italiana, e nonostante esista in Italia una vivace e radicata tradizione nella raccolta amatoriale dei funghi, la maggior parte dei porcini ivi commercializzati (allo stato fresco, essiccati o variamente conservati) o esportati verso altri paesi non sono più di origine locale. I porcini e altre specie fungine giungono attualmente in Italia da ogni parte del mondo—in modo particolare dalla Cina e dall’Europa orientale—e sono successivamente spesso esportati come “prodotti Italiani.” Questo processo di globalizzazione del mercato dei funghi spontanei, pur offrendo un significativo introito ai raccoglitori e commercianti rurali su tutto il globo, è responsabile di altri effetti, come per l’appunto una sorta di marchio nazionale “Italiano” su alcuni prodotti di provenienza globale, come per l’appunto i porcini, cosa che contrasta con alcune delle regole dell’Unione Europea in materia di denominazioni regionali.

     

Recherches sur le genre Peyssonnelia (Rhodophycées). III. Peyssonnelia crispata sp. nov.

Abstract

Studies on the genus Peyssonnelia (Rhodophyceae). III. Peyssonnelia crispata sp. nov. – A new specie of Peyssonnelia (P. crispata) is described from deep waters (44 to 45 m.) off the mediterranean coast of France.     

Rendiconti delle Sedute e Brevi Comunicazioni

Riassunto

Nell'ambito della specie collettiva Stellaria media (L.) Cir. l'A. pone in evidenza l'esistenza di razze diploidi e di razze tetraploidi.     

Notes on mosses from Ceylon and India, 7. Some species of Trichostomum

Abstract

Trichostomum bombayense C.M. is typified and T. cylindrotheca Mitt. reduced to synonymy under it. The records of Trichostomum species from Ceylon are critically examined and T. tenuirostre (Hook. & Tayl.) Lindb. removed from the Ceylon moss flora. Records of T. orthodontum (C.M.) Broth. and T. cuspidatum (D. & M.) D. & M. hitherto published are based on misidentifications, but new records are given of both. Differences between T. cuspidatum and T. stenophyllum (Mitt.) Broth., which latter binomial is not a homonym as Index Muscorum states, are dealt with and illustrated by S.E.M. photographs. T. stenophyllum is a good species which has been relegated to extraordinary synonymy in the past.     

Cheilolejeunea oncophylla (Ångstr.) Orolle & Reiner comb. nov. (Lejeuneaceae), from the Neotropics

Abstract

Cheilolejeunea oncophylla (Ångstr.) Grolle & Reiner comb. nov. (basionym: Lejeunea oncophylla Ångstr.) is described and illustrated. Trachylejeunea dominicensis Steph. and Harpalejeunea verrucosa Herzog are shown to be synon):'ms.     

Morphological and molecular studies of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hyphodermella</Emphasis> in the Western Mediterranean area

The genus Hyphodermella was studied based on material from the western Mediterranean area (France, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Morocco) where the following three species have been recognized: H. corrugata (Fr.) J. Erikss. & Ryvarden, widely distributed, H. densa Melo & Hjortstam, only known from Portugal, and H. rosae (Bres.) Nakasone described from Italy. Twenty-one new ITS nrDNA sequences from these species, including the holotype collection of H. rosae and the paratype of H. densa, were aligned with one obtained from GenBank. The molecular results show that these collections are distributed in two highly supported monophyletic clades: one corresponds to H. corrugata, and the other one with H. densa and H. rosae collections. Morphological studies, including the type collections of the three taxa, show significant differences between the clades if we take into account the size of basidia and spores. The present study confirms H. corrugata as an independent species of H. rosae and H. densa, and that H. densa and H. rosae are conspecific; consequently, H. densa is a synonym of H. rosae. This last species is widely distributed in the Mediterranean area (France, Italy, Spain and Portugal) and as frequent as H. corrugata. Comments are offered on sequencing the barcode from types and well-annotated specimens.     

New synonymy and typification in African Schlotheimia (Bryopsida: Orthotrichaceae)

Abstract

Schlotheimia grevilleana Mitt., Schlotheimia rigescens Broth., Schlotheimia laetevirens Broth., Schlotheimia bequaertii Thér. & Naveau and Schlotheimia brachypodia Thér. & Naveau are placed in synonymy with Schlotheimia ferruginea (Bruch ex Hook. & Grev.) Brid. The typification of Schlotheimia percuspidata Müll.Hal. is discussed and a neotype is proposed.     

Sul Valore Sistematico del “ Peucedanum Venetum „ Koch

Riassunto

L'A. si è proposto di chiarire il valore sistematico del Peucedanum venetum Koch. nei confronti della specie Linneana P. alsaticum L., in base all'esame dei caratteri morfologici esterni ed a quello dei caratteri anatomici del caule, del picciolo e del lembo fogliare, dei raggi dell'ombrella, del frutto. In questo esame (particolarmente in quello anatomico) ha ritenuto opportuno il confronto con altre entità di questo genere, onde cercare di precisare il valore sistematico dei vari caratteri. Conclude con l'affermare che il Peucedanum venetum Koch. è da considerarsi come specie autonoma, ben distinta dal P. alsaticum L.     

Striking autapomorphic evolution in Physotheca J.J.Engel & Gradst. (Marchantiophyta: Lophocoleaceae) blurred its actual relationships with Leptoscyphus Mitt.

Abstract

The taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of the monotypic liverwort genus Physotheca J.J.Engel & Gradst., including P. autoica J.J.Engel & Gradst. endemic to Ecuador, are inferred from phylogenetic analyses of two cpDNA loci. The results indicate that the genus is nested within Leptoscyphus and the new combination, L. autoicus (J.J.Engel & Gradst.) Vanderp. & Gradst., is made. This indicates, along with an increasing body of evidence, that extreme morphological transformations can obscure the phylogenetic signal present in morphological data.     

BIOACOUSTICS OF SOME MEXICAN ORTHOPTERA (INSECTA: ORTHOPTERA: ENSIFERA,CAELIFERA)

ABSTRACT

The songs of the following species are presented: Conocephalus (Xiphidion) cinereus Thunberg, 1815, C. (X.) ictus (Scudder, 1875), C. (X.) magdalenae Nascrecki, 2000, C. (Anisoptera) strictus (Scudder, 1875), Dichopetala brevihastata Morse, 1902, D. castanea Rehn & Hebard, 1914, D. pollicifera Rehn & Hebard, 1914, Phyllophyllia guttulata Ståi, 1863, Stilpnochlora azteca (Saussure, 1859), Boopedon gracile Rehn, 1904, Syrbula montezuma (Saussure, 1861) and Teniopoda tamaulipensis Rehn, 1904. Considerations on distribution, taxonomy, ethology, biodiversity and conservation are given.     

Scottish bracken (Pteridium): New taxa and a new combination

Summary

In advance of two forthcoming works in which the names will be used, one new species of Pteridium (P. pinetorum C.N. Page & R.R. Mill) and one new subspecies (P. aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. fulvum C.N. Page) are formally described, and one new combination made (P. pinetorum C.N. Page & R .R. Mill subsp. osmundaceum (Christ) C. N. Page, comb, et stat. nov.).     

The grasses Urochloa multiculma and U. fusca (Poaceae) in the Galapagos archipelago

Abstract

Confusion has existed over the validity of the taxon Urochloa multiculma (Andersson) Morrone & Zuloaga, which was originally described from Galapagos, and over the presence in the islands of the closely related U. fusca (Sw.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin. An examination of 14 characters in 182 specimens leads to the conclusions that U. multiculma is a valid taxon endemic to Galapagos, and that U. fusca is probably a recent human‐mediated introduction to the archipelago, which may now be hybridising with multiculma. Leaf pubescence and spikelet structure are used to construct an identification key.     

Phylogenetic position of the genus Bryhnia Kaurin (Brachytheciaceae,Bryophyta) inferred from chloroplast (rpl16, trnG,trnL–F) and nuclear (ITS) sequence data

Abstract

The systematic position of the genus Bryhnia Kaurin has been problematic and remains unsettled. A phylogenetic analysis of Bryhnia and closely related genera, based on the nuclear marker ITS1–5·8S–ITS2 and the plastid markers rpl16, trnG, and trnL–F, was carried out to clarify their relationships and systematic positions. The phylogenetic trees generated from Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses show that Bryhnia s.s., represented by B. novae-angliae (Sull. & Lesq.) Grout, B. hultenii E.B.Bartram, and B. scabrida (Lindb.) Kaurin, forms a maximally supported clade nested within Brachythecium Schimp. ‘Bryhnia scabrida’ sensu is Bryhnia brachycladula Cardot, and together they form a monophyletic group with Eurhynchiadelphus eustegia (Besch.) Ignatov & Huttunen and Myuroclada maximowiczii (G.G.Borshch.) Steere & W.B.Schofield. We propose the inclusion of the species currently recognized in Bryhnia in Brachythecium, with the transfer of Bryhnia brachycladula to the genus Myuroclada Besch. Bryhnia brachycladula is further treated as a synonym of the new combination, Myuroclada longiramea (Müll.Hal.) M.Li, Y.F.Wang, M.S.Ignatov & S.Huttunen.