Ricerche sulla flora infestante delle colture in Italia

Summary

Studies on the weeds of cultivated land in Italy. IV: Weeds of a small farm near Montecatini Terme.

In the first part of this researche, the author gives the chief climatic data of the Montecatini Terme zone together with pedological informations about the stations offered by a small farm on which biological and statistical investigations are conducted.

All weeds (241 species) found on the area of the small farm are listed. For each species is indicated Raunhiaer's biological form, its occurence in cultivated fields or in path lanes, graves and fences.

The most of them are Therophytes (55%) and Hemicriptophytes (30%). Scarcely represented are the Geophytes (8,33%), Chamaephytes (3,75%), Phanerophytes (2,92%). Therophytes increase very much (till 78%) if only are considered the species which occur in cultivated ground.

In the second part of the work is conducted a bio-statistical study on the weeds behaviour in eight fields. Once a month, on thiese fields, statistical relieves have been made after Raunkiaer's method. The results are condensed in graphics in which, besides the percent frequences of the various weeds, are also reported the various biological stages, the types of root-system and the influence of the tillages.

Follows an examination of the weeds which have been found in the various cultivations (wheat, patatoes, corn, legumes ecc). The most important weeds (36 species) are, then, biologically and phyto-geografically classified in accordance with Korsmo's and Eig's systems, respectively. Of these weeds 81% are «seed plants» and 19% are «wandering plant» 52,7% belong to «liason group», 36,1% are polychorous or adventicious, 11,2% belong to mediterranean Element. «Stationary plants» are missing, it depends upon the fact that there are only annual crops.

At last, for the most important weeds, details are given about germination, blossoming and dissemination time, their relations with crops, their occurrence in the low or in the high part of the farm.

For a resume, conclusions are as follow:

1^°) The slope of the ground influences weed distribution on the fields of the farm; many of them (specially the winter-spring species) prefer cool fields of the low part of the farm, so that the high one is infested by a relatively small number of weeds;

2^°) the greatest number of weeds is found in the fields in spring time;

3^°) annual plants are prevailing over perennial ones;

4^°) the most infested crop is weat, the least is potatoes;

5^°) Variations of winter precipitations and, sometimes, of the sowing time may influence gravity of infestation by weeds.     

Cultural diversity and schooling

Ashley H. Robins, BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN PIGMENTATION, (Cambridge Studies in Biological Anthropology, 7), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, xiii + 253 pp., £37.50.

Ulfried Geuter, THE PROFESSIONALIZATION OF PSYCHOLOGY IN NAZI GERMANY. Cambridge Studies in the History of Psychology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, v‐xxi + 335 pp., npl.

Clare Midgley, WOMEN AGAINST SLAVERY. THE BRITISH CAMPAIGNS, 1780–1870, London: Routledge, 1992, xii + 281 pp., £37.50.

Maryinez Lyons, THE COLONIAL DISEASE: A SOCIAL HISTORY OF SLEEPING SICKNESS IN NORTHERN ZAIRE, 1900–1940, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, xvi + 335 pp., £50.00.

Wim van Binsbergen, TEARS OF RAIN: ETHNICITY AND HISTORY IN CENTRAL WESTERN ZAMBIA, London and New York: Kegan Paul International, 1992, 495 pp., £45.00.

Albert B. Robillard (ed.) SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS, London: Kegan Paul International, 1992, xvi + 507 pp., £45.

Sarah Radcliffe and Sallie Westwood (eds) ‘VIVA’: WOMEN AND POPULAR PROTEST IN LATIN AMERICA, London: Routledge, 1993, 270 pp., £12.99 pb; £40.00 hb.

Cindi Katz and Janice Monk (eds) FULL CIRCLES: GEOGRAPHIES OF WOMEN OVER THE LIFECOURSE, London: Routledge, 1993, 317 pp., £12.99 pb; £40 hb.

Hans van Amersfoort and Hans Knippenberg (eds), STATES AND NATIONS. THE REBIRTH OF THE ‘NATIONALITIES QUESTION’ IN EUROPE, Netherlands Geographical Studies 137, Amsterdam: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1991, 189 pp., Dfl. 29.50.

Elizabeth D. Huttman, Wim Blauw and Juliet Saltman (eds), URBAN HOUSING SEGREGATION OF MINORITIES IN WESTERN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1991, xiii + 431 pp., npl.

Roger Daniels, Sandra C. Taylor, and Harry H. L. Kitano (eds) JAPANESE AMERICANS: FROM RELOCATION TO REDRESS, Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 1992, 264 pp., $17.95 US (paper only).

David J. O'Brien and Stephen S. Fugita, THE JAPANESE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1991, 178 pp., £8.99 (paper).

Paul James Rutledge, THE VIETNAMESE EXPERIENCE IN AMERICA, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1992, 173 pp., npl.     

Book reviews

Hugh Honour, THE IMAGE OF THE BLACK IN WESTERN ART, IV FROM THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION TO WORLD WAR I, Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press, 1989; part i, 379 pp., 196 ill., part ii, 306 pp., 183 ill., £34.95 each volume.

Deborah Willis‐Thomas, AN ILLUSTRATED BIO‐BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BLACK PHOTOGRAPHERS, 1940–1988, New York & London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1989, 483 pp., $85.00.

John Hutchinson, THE DYNAMICS OF CULTURAL NATIONALISM: THE GAELIC REVIVAL AND THE CREATION OF THE IRISH NATION STATE, London: Allen and Unwin, 1987, viii + 343 pp., £38.00.

Arthur Aughey, UNDER SIEGE: ULSTER UNIONISM AND THE ANGLO‐IRISH AGREEMENT, London: Hurst & Co, 1989, xv + 214 pp., £18.50.

Richard Jenkins (ed.), NORTHERN IRELAND: STUDIES IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE, London: Avebury, 1989, xii + 197 pp., £23.50.

J. I. Little, NATIONALISM, CAPITALISM, AND COLONIZATION IN NINETEENTH‐CENTURY QUEBEC: THE UPPER ST. FRANCIS DISTRICT, Kingston, Montreal, London: McGill‐Queen's University Press, 1989, 336 pp., £31.45.

Basdeo Mangru, BENEVOLENT NEUTRALITY: INDIAN GOVERNMENT POLICY AND LABOUR MIGRATION TO BRITISH GUIANA 1854–1884, London: Hansib, 1987, 267 pp., £12.95.

Carole Marks, FAREWELL ‐ WE'RE GOOD AND GONE: THE GREAT BLACK MIGRATION, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989, x + 209 pp., $37.50 and $12.95 (paper).

James R. Grossman, LAND OF HOPE: CHICAGO, BLACK SOUTHERNERS, AND THE GREAT MIGRATION, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989, 384 pp., £23.95.

Robert M. Jiobu, ETHNICITY AND ASSIMILATION: BLACKS, CHINESE, FILIPINOS, JAPANESE, KOREANS, MEXICANS, VIETNAMESE AND WHITES, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988, np.

John M. MacKenzie (ed.), IMPERIALISM AND POPULAR CULTURE, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1989, 264 pp., (illus.), £10.95 (paper).

Anne Phillips, THE ENIGMA OF COLONIALISM: BRITISH POLICY IN WEST AFRICA, James Currey and Indiana University Press, vii + 184 pp., £25.00 and £8.95 (paper).

John Darwin, BRITAIN AND DECOLONISATION: THE RETREAT FROM EMPIRE IN THE POST‐WAR WORLD, London: Macmillan, 1988, xiii + 383 pp., £33.00, and £9.95 (paper).

Tony Kushner and Kenneth Lunn (eds), TRADITIONS OF INTOLERANCE: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON FASCISM AND RACE DISCOURSE IN BRITAIN, Manchester University Press, 1989, 245 pp., £29.95.     

Book reviews

Stephen Cornell, THE RETURN OF THE NATIVE: AMERICAN INDIAN POLITICAL RESURGENCE, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988, 278 pp., $29.95.

Jack D. Forbes, BLACK AFRICANS AND NATIVE AMERICANS: COLOR, RACE AND CASTE IN THE EVOLUTION OF RED‐BLACK PEOPLES, Oxford and New York: Basil Blackwell, 1988, 334 pp., £35.00.

Maryon McDonald, ’WE ARE NOT FRENCH!’: LANGUAGE, CULTURE AND IDENTITY IN BRITTANY, London: Routledge, 1989, 384 pp., £40.00.

Ronald Grigor Suny, THE MAKING OF THE GEORGIAN NATION, London: I. B. Taurus and Co. Ltd., 1989, ix‐395 pp., £29.50.

Shlomo Deshen, THE MELLAH SOCIETY: JEWISH COMMUNITY LIFE IN SHERIFIAN MOROCCO, translated and revised from the Hebrew by the author. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1989, xii + 152 pp., £23.95 and £9.50 (paper).

Roger Waldinger, Howard Aldrich, Robin Ward and Associates, ETHNIC ENTREPRENEURS: IMMIGRANT BUSINESS IN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES, Sage Series on Race and Ethnic Relations, vol. 1., Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1990, 226 pp., £29.25 and £13.95 (paper).

Saul Dubow, RACIAL SEGREGATION AND THE ORIGINS OF APARTHEID IN SOUTH AFRICA, 1919–36, St Antony's and Macmillan, London, 1989, xi and 250 pp., £35.00.

Mark Duffield, BLACK RADICALISM AND THE POLITICS OF DE‐INDUSTRIALISATION: THE HIDDEN HISTORY OF INDIAN FOUNDRY WORKERS, Avebury, 1988, 226 pp., £24.50.

John Eade, THE POLITICS OF COMMUNITY: THE BANGLADESHI COMMUNITY IN EAST LONDON, Avebury, 1989, 213 pp., £24.00.

Nicole Hahn Rafter (ed.), WHITE TRASH: THE EUGENICS FAMILY STUDIES 1877–1919, Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1988, 382 pp., £36.00.

Neil R. McMillen, DARK JOURNEY ‐ BLACK MISSISSIPPIANS IN THE AGE OF JIM CROW, Urbana, Ill: University of Illinois Press, 1989, N.P.L.     

Book reviews

Andrew Hacker, TWO NATIONS: BLACK AND WHITE, SEPARATE, HOSTILE, UNEQUAL, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1992, vii + 257 pp., $24.95.

Catherine Silk and John Silk, RACISM AND ANTI‐RACISM IN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990, x + 186 pp., £27.50.

Therese Daniels and Jane Gerson (eds), THE COLOUR BLACK, BLACK IMAGES IN BRITISH TELEVISION, London: BFI Publishing, 1989, 160 pp., £4.95 (paper).

Jim Pines and Paul Willemen (eds), QUESTIONS OF THIRD CINEMA, London: BFI Publishing, 1989, x + 246 pp., £7.95 (paper).

David R. Roediger, THE WAGES OF WHITENESS: RACE AND THE MAKING OF THE AMERICAN WORKING CLASS, London: Verso, 1991, 191 pp., £12.95 (paper).

William Cohen, AT FREEDOM'S EDGE: BLACK MOBILITY AND THE SOUTHERN WHITE QUEST FOR RACIAL CONTROL, 1861–1915, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991, 340 pp., $42.50.

Robert L. Cooper, LANGUAGE PLANNING AND SOCIAL CHANGE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 216 pp., £27.50, £9.95 (paper).

Emmanual Sivan and Menachem Friedman (eds), RELIGIOUS RADICALISM AND POLITICS IN THE MIDDLE EAST, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990, 244 pp., n.p.

Eliezer Ben‐Rafael and Stephen Sharot, ETHNICITY, RELIGION, AND CLASS IN ISRAELI SOCIETY, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, 287 pp., £32.50.     

Masculinity and nationalism: gender and sexuality in the making of nations

Richard G. Fox (ed.), NATIONALIST IDEOLOGIES AND THE PRODUCTION OF NATIONAL CULTURE, Washington: American Anthropological Association, 1990, 177 pp., $17.00.

Michael Watson (ed.), CONTEMPORARY MINORITY NATIONALISM, London: Routledge, 1990, 277 pp., £35.00.

Christie Davies, ETHNIC HUMOR AROUND THE WORLD, A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1990, 404 pp., $39.95.

Elizabeth Fox‐Genovese, WITHIN THE PLANTATION HOUSEHOLD: BLACK AND WHITE WOMEN OF THE OLD SOUTH, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1988, 544 pp., $34.95 and $12.95 (paper).

Darlene Clark Hine, BLACK WOMEN IN WHITE: RACIAL CONFLICT AND COOPERATION IN THE NURSING PROFESSION, 1890–1950, Btoomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1989, 264 pp., $35.00 and $12.95 (paper).

Pnina Werbner, THE MIGRATION PROCESS, Oxford: Berg, 1989, 391 pp., $56.00.

Elaine Pinderhughes, UNDERSTANDING RACE, ETHNICITY AND POWER: THE KEY TO EFFICACY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE, New York: The Free Press; London: Collier Macmillan, 1989, 269 pp., £20.00.

Paul B. Pedersen, Juris G. Draguns, Walter J. Lonner, Joseph E. Trimble, COUNSELLING ACROSS CULTURES, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989, (third edition), xii + 402 pp., £14.35 (paper).

Roland Littlewood and Morris Lipsedge, ALIENS AND ALIENISTS: ETHNIC MINORITIES AND PSYCHIATRY, London: Unwin Hyman, 1989, (second edition), xvii + 334 pp., £32.00 and £10.95 (paper).

H. Russell Bernard and Jesús Salinas Pedraza, NATIVE ETHNOGRAPHY; A MEXICAN INDIAN DESCRIBES HIS CULTURE, London: Sage Publications, 1989, 648 pp., £62.00 (Illustrated).     

The politics of race,culture and education

Mike Cole (ed.), EDUCATION FOR EQUALITY, London: Routledge, 1989, 237 pp., £9.95 (paper)

Peter Foster, POLICY AND PRACTICE IN MULICULTURAL AND ANTI‐RACIST EDUCATION, London: Routledge, 1990, 208 pp., £10.99 (paper)

Alrick X. Cambridge and Stephan Feuchtwang (eds), ANTI‐RACIST STRATEGIES, Avebury: Gower Publishing, 1990, 162 pp., £25.00

David Gillborn, ’RACE’, ETHNICITY AND EDUCATION, London: Unwin Hyman, 1990, 245 pp., £9.95 (paper)

Elizabeth Grugeon and Peter Woods, EDUCATING ALL: MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVES IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL, London: Routledge, 1990, 244 pp., £9.95 (paper)

Barry Troyna and Bruce Carrington, EDUCATION, RACISM AND REFORM, London: Routledge, 1990, 139 pp., £30.00 and £8.99 (paper)

Kenneth J. Meier, Joseph Stewart Jr., Robert E. England, RACE, CLASS AND EDUCATION, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989, 194 pp., npl     

Elementary School Biology Revisited

Nuclear Power, Man and the Environment R. J. Pentrealh. 255 pp. London: Taylor and Francis, 1980. £6.00. ISBN 085109 8401 Reviewed by David Brookes

Animal Suffering: The Science of Animal Welfare M. Stamp Dawkins. 149 pp. London: Chapman and Hall, 1980. £7.50/£3.95. ISBNs 0 412 22580 8/225905 Reviewed by H. V. Wyatt

Isoenzymes Outline Studies in Biology. C. C. Rider and C. B. Taylor. 78 pp. London: Chapman and Hall, 1980. £2.45. ISBNO 412 15640 Reviewed by C. M. Bray

Membrane Physiology and Cell Excitation B. Hendry. 159 pp. London: Croom Helm, 1981. £9.95/£4.50. ISBNs 0 709901488/01496 Reviewed by B. N. Davies

Introduction to Embryonic Development S. B. Oppenheimer. 404 pp. London: Allyn and Bacon, 1980. £13.25. ISBN 0205068995 Reviewed by A. B. G. Lansdown

Genetics of Microbes Tertiary Level Biology B. W. Bainbridge. 193 pp. Bishopbriggs, Glasgow: Blackie, 1980. £16.95/£7.95. ISBNs 0 216 91006 4/910072 Reviewed by R. Waters

Genetic Engineering-Cloning DNA Outline Studies in Biology. D. M. Glover. 64pp. London: Chapman and Hall, 1980. £2.45. ISBN0412 161702 Reviewed by R. Waters

Bioenergetics of Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Studies in Biology, No. 126. J. W. Anderson. 60 pp. London: Edward Arnold, 1980: £2.50 ISBN 0 7131 28070 Reviewed by K. H. Goulding

Grass. Its Production and Utilization Ed. W. Holmes. 295 pp. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1980. £8.50. ISBN 0632006188 Reviewed by David Higgs

Atlas of Flowering Plant Structure Jean-Claude Roland and F. Rowland. 103 pp. London: Longman. 1980. £6.25. ISBN 0582 45589 Reviewed by David Higgs

Biological Functions of Carbohydrates Tertiary Level Biology. D. J. Candy. 197 pp. Glasgow: Blackie. 1980. £16.95/£7.95. ISBNs 0 216 91010 2/910110 Reviewed by Charles F. A. Bryce

Neuroethology: An Introduction D. M. Guthrie. 221 pp. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific. 1980. £8.75. ISBN 0632 003030 Reviewed by S.M. Evans

Biological Chemistry: The Molecular Approach to Biological Systems K. E. and C. J. Suckling. 381 pp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980. £25.00/£9.95. ISBNs 0 521228522/296781 Reviewed by K.H. Goulding

Influences on Animal Growth and Development Studies in Biology, No. 116. R. A. L. Ball 60 pp. London: Edward Arnold, 1980. £2.40. ISBNO 7131 2769 4 Reviewed by K.R. Tyler

Insect Physiology W. Mordue, G. J. Goldsworthy, J. Brady and W. M. Blaney. 108 pp. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1980. £5.75. ISBN063200385 Reviewed by Robert Barrass

Statistics for Biology 3rd edn. O. N. Bishop. 213pp. Harlow, Essex: Longman, 1980. £2.50. ISBNO 582353300 Reviewed by Mark Williamson     

Progress and Development in Biological Education

Software

Transpiration By J. M. Garland and U. Garland. Written for BBC Model B with colour monitor, cassette and disc versions. Produced by Garland Computing, 35 Dean Hill, Plymouth PL9 9AF. Price £10.00. Reviewd by W. G. Rogers

Seed germination By J. M. Garland. Written for BBC Model B with colour monitor. Cassette and disc versions. Produced by Garland Computing, 35 Dean Hill, Plymouth, Devon PL9 9AF. Price £10.00 Reviewd by W. G. Rogers.

Photosynthesis By J. M. Garland.Written for BBC Model B with colour monitor, cassette and disc versions. Produced by Garland Computing, 35 Dean Hill, Plymouth PL9 9AF. Price £10.00 Reviewed by W. G. Rogers.

Slides/Strides

Vertebrate reproduction Twenty-two.35 mm colour slides (including two title slides) with a study guide by David W. Macdonald. Ref. AV 218, price £16.80. Available from: Oxford Educational Resources Ltd, 197 Botley Road, Oxford 0X2 OHE Reviewed by Katrina Fuery

Reproduction in mammals Twenty-two.35 mm colour slides (with two title slides) with teaching notes by David W. Macdonald, produced in association with Oxford Scientific Films Ltd and J. Dellar of Wildlife Consultants Ltd. Ref. AV 220, price £16.80. Available from Oxford Educational Resources Ltd, 197 Botley Road, Oxford OX2 OHE Reviewed by Claire Carpenter

Mitosis and meiosis Two sets of 12 slides, each accompanied by a booklet containing background information and questions with answers. By Dr Judith Kinnear and Dr Marjory Martin. Refs M39825/8, M39820/9, price £9.95 each. Available from Philip Harris Biological Ltd, Oldmixon, Weston-super-Mare, Avon BS24 9BJ Cathy Maclean Marjorie Tindal

Farm animal breeds Set of 24, colour, plastic-mounted slides supplied in a wallet with teaching notes by Dr Alan Beaumont. Available from Audio-Visual Productions Ltd, Hocker Hill House, Chepstow, Gwent NP6 5ER Ref. 977. Price £8.90 Adam Cade

Basic techniques of plant tissue culture Twenty-six 35 mm colour slides in a plastic wallet with teaching notes. Ref M25080/2, price £16.25. Also available as a filmstrip, ref. M25084/9, price £11.00. Obtainable from Philip Harris Biological Ltd, Oldmixon, Westonsuper-Mare, Avon BS24 9BJ V. E. Stein

Focus on bats Forty 35 mm plastic mounted colour slides and a 20 minute cassette soundtrack narrated by Dr R. Stebbings. Ref. A VP 080. Price £11 (or filmstrip £7) and tape £4 (inclusive of VAT and postage). Available from International Centre for Conservation Education, Greenfield House, Gutting Power, Cheltenham, Glos GL54 5TZ Kevin Walsh

Introducing British reptiles Forty 35 mm colour slides, commentary booklet, and a leaflet on ‘Being kind to snakes‘ are supplied in a handy plastic wallet. Ref. AVP 075. Price £10.06 (includes VAT and postage). The commentary is also available on cassette. Also available as a film strip, price £5.00. Available from International Centre for Conservation Education, Greenfield House, Guiting Power, Cheltenham, Glos GL54 5TZ Iain Armstrong

Introducing British amphibia Forty 35 mm colour slides, commentary booklet and a leaftlet on ‘Garden ponds as amphibian sanctuaries’. Ref AVP 074. Price £10.06 (includes VA T and postage). Also available as a film strip, price £5.00. An audio-cassette of the commentary will soon be available price £3.80. From International Centre for Conservation Education, Greenfield House, Guiting Power, Cheltenham, Glos GL54 5TZ Alison Muspratt

Videotapes

Investigating the nervous system A 20-minute video-cassette, ref. 84/031/ I, price £29.50. Also available as a 16 mm film price £395. Produced by Educational Media Australia, in association with the Australian Academy of Science, Schools Biology Project. Available from Educational Media International, 25 Boileau Road, London W5 3AL Jane O'Leary

Reproduction in organisms A 16-minute video-cassette released in 1981, ref. 84J062JR, price £29.50. Also available as a 16 mm film price £205, ref. EM A AUS UP-S. Produced by Educational Media Australia. Available from Educational Media International, 25 Boileau Road, London W5 3AL Carol Burton Jenny Johnson

Eat your heart out A videotape in two parts, lasting about an hour produced by Scope Films Ltd, and available from Concorde Films Council Ltd, 201 Felixstowe Road, Ipswich IP3 9BJ. Price: hire £10; sale £60 C. Thorpe P. Burdett

Tapes

Biorhythms: 1. Human biology; 2. General biology Each consists of a cassette tape and a 65+ page booklet. Words by Harold Baum, music by Peter Shade, sung by the ‘Metabolites’. Published by Learn Through Music Ltd. Distributed by: (UK) Taylor and Francis Ltd, 4 John Street, London WC1N 2ET; (USA) Taylor and Francis Inc., 242 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106-1906. Each part £8.95 (1984). ISBNs 0 85066 291 5 and 0 85066 292 3 John A. Barker     

New heat shock protein (Hsp90) inhibitors,designed by pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening: synthesis,biological evaluation and molecular dynamics studies

Abstract

Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is known to be a significantly effective strategy in cancer therapy. Here, pyrazolopyranopyrimidine derivatives were characterized as new Hsp90 inhibitors. The molecules’ key structure (ZINC02819805) was determined by utilizing a pharmacophore model virtual screening workflow. Structural optimization was then carried out on compound ZINC02819805, pyrazolopyranopyrimidine derivatives were designed and six chosen derivatives were synthesized. The inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase activity of synthesized compounds revealed that para methylphenyl derivative of pyrazolopyranopyrimidine (HM3) was the most potent inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 5.5?µM). The anti-proliferative activity of this compound was evaluated against a panel of cell lines including MCF-7, HeLa and HUVEC (IC₅₀ = 1.28?µM, IC₅₀ = 1.74?µM and IC₅₀ = 61.48?µM respectively) by MTT method. The western blot analysis of treated MCF-7 cells with compound HM3 showed that the expression level of Hsp70 and Her2 proteins changed. The high level of Hsp70 expression and low level of Her2 expression suggest that compound HM3 exhibits inhibitory effect on Hsp90. Finally, the key interactions between HM3 and Hsp90 protein were studied by molecular dynamics simulation and showed that compound HM3 was stable in Hsp90 active cite during 200?ns simulation. Abbreviations Hsp90 Heat shock protein 90

MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

ATP adenosine triphosphate

MD molecular dynamics simulation

RMSD root-mean-square deviation

RMSF root-mean-square fluctuation

Rg gyration radius

m-SABNPs boehmite nanoparticles-supported sulfamic acid

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma     

Film Reviews

The Island Hills. 16 mm, sound, colour, all parts 8 min each. Photographed and directed by F. G. Hollands. Produced by Rank Educational Films, 1966

La Vie des Euglenes. 16 mm, sound, colour, 14 min, English commentary. Produced by Laboratoire d'Evolution des Etres Organises (Faculte des Sciences de Paris)

The Fox. 16 mm, sound, colour, 11 min. (£1. 5s. for hire)

The Weasel. 16 mm, sound, colour, 12 min. (£2 for hire)

Plants and Animals. 16 mm, sound, colour, 9 min. (£1. 5s. for hire). All produced by Yugoslavia Films     

Equipment News

The Principles of Plant Pathology. S. A. J. TARR. Pp. 632. London: MacMillan, 1972. £1000. Reviewed by A. A. Brunt

Genetic Diversity and Natural Selection. JAMES MURRAY. Pp. vii + 128 + 23figs. Edinburgh: Oliver &; Boyd Ltd. 1972. £2·50. Reviewed by J. A. Beardmore

Advances in Microbial Physiology. Edited by A. H. ROSE and J. F. WILKINSON. Pp. 302+40 figs. London and New York: Academic Press Ltd. £500. Reviewed by Curtis G. Gemmell

Plants in the Service of Man—10,000 Years of Domestication EDWARD HYAMS Pp. xiii+222+33 illustrations London: J. M. Dent &; Sons Ltd. £2·95. Reviewed by Eric Caulton

The Challenge of Genetics. E. H. SIMON &; J. GROSSFIELD. Pp. 281. Reviewed by I. J. Gibson

Methods in Microbiology, Volume 4. Edited by C. BOOTH. (Series editors J. R. NORRIS and D. W. RIBBONS) Pp. xiv+795. Reviewed by G. Ayerst

Explorations in the Life of Fishes. N. B. MARSHALL. Pp. 204, 54 figs. Reviewed by T. Kerr

Feedback Mechanisms in Animal Behaviour. D. J. McFARLAND. Pp. vii+279 + 181 figs. London: Academic Press Inc. £3·80. Reviewed by P. J. B. Slater

Biology and the Human Sciences—The Herbert Spencer Lectures—1970. Edited by J. W. S. PRINGLE. Pp. viii + 140, 6 figs, 2 tables. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1972. £2·50. Reviewed by Paul Rogers

Merrow Monographs. T. H. SAVORY. Latin and Greek for Biologists. Pp. 34. Biology of the Cryptozoa. Pp. 48. The Principles of Mechanistic Biology. Pp. 35. Evolution in the Arachnida. Pp. 42. Reviewed by G. W. Shaw     

Urinary cell cycle arrest biomarker [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] in patients with hepatorenal syndrome

Abstract

Background: Patients with hepatorenal syndrome carry a high short-term mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for patients’ outcome. Nevertheless diagnosis of HRS remains difficult. First-line therapy terlipressin is often associated with severe complications. Biomarkers become more on focus for an early diagnosis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the diagnostic accuracy of urinary [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] for HRS patients and prognostic value for therapy responding patients.

Material and methods: NephroCheck^® measures urinary concentrations of TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7, both indicating stress of renal cells and associated with induction of cell cycle arrest. 22 HRS patients and 30 patients with normal kidney function were included. [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] was measured using NephroCheck^®. HRS patients receiving terlipressin were also examined.

Results: [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] values did not differ significantly (1.3?±?2.09 vs. 1.03?±?1.03; p?=?0.55). Furthermore, there was no significant difference of [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] regarding response of terlipressin (1.32?±?2.39 vs. 0.81?±?1.05; p?=?0.56). Low [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] values were significantly associated with higher mortality (p?=?0.01).

Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] is not suitable for diagnostic of HRS and prediction of therapy response, but there might be evidence for prognostic value of [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] in regard to mortality of liver cirrhosis patients.     

Spatiotemporal effects of Hurricane Ivan on an endemic epiphytic orchid: 10 years of follow-up

ABSTRACT

Background: Hurricanes have a strong influence on the ecological dynamics and structure of tropical forests. Orchid populations are especially vulnerable to these perturbations due to their canopy exposure and lack of underground storage organs and seed banks.

Aims: We evaluated the effects of Hurricane Ivan on the population of the endemic epiphytic orchid Encyclia bocourtii to propose a management strategy.

Methods: Using a pre- and post-hurricane dataset (2003–2013), we assessed the population asymptotic and transient dynamics. We also identified the individual size-stages that maximise population inertia and E. bocourtii’s spatial arrangement relative to phorophytes and other epiphytes.

Results: Hurricane Ivan severely affected the survival and growth of individuals of E. bocourtii, and caused an immediate decline of the population growth rate from λ = 1.05 to λ = 0.32, which was buffered by a population reactivity of ρ₁ = 1.42. Our stochastic model predicted an annual population decrease of 14%. We found an aggregated spatial pattern between E. bocourtii and its host trees, and a random pattern relative to other epiphytes.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that E. bocourtii is not safe from local extinction. We propose the propagation and reintroduction of reproductive specimens, the relocation of surviving individuals, and the establishment of new plantations of phorophytes.     

Visual Aid Reviews

Books Practice in Human Biology — Questions for AS and A-level Jane Vellacott and Sarah Side, 2001. Hodder &; Stoughton, 202pp. £9.99. ISBN 0 340 78958 1 Reviewed by Pauline Lowrie

Books Microbiology and Biotechnology Pauline Lowrie and Susan Wells, 2000. Cambridge University Press, 108pp. £7.95. ISBN 0 52178723 8 Reviewed by Julia Milligan

Books Microbiology: an introduction Gerard J Tortora, Berdell R Funke, and Christine L Case, 2000. Pearson Education, 902pp. £33.00. ISBN 0 8053 7554 6 Reviewed by Steve Hall

Books Encyclopedia of Genetics Eric C R Reeve (Ed.), 2001. Fitzroy Dearborn, 952pp. £105.00. ISBN 1 884964 34 6 Reviewed by Michael Reiss

Books Coral Fish Linda Pitkin, 2001. The Natural History Museum, 112pp. £9.95. ISBN 0 565 09152 2 Reviewed by Julia Glanville

Books Liasons of Life Tom Wakeford, 2001. John Wiley &; Sons Ltd, 212pp. £17.95. ISBN 0 471 39972 8 Reviewed by Roger Delpech     

Comparative Ecology of Protozoa: A Laboratory Exercise for Undergraduates

slides/stips The colonisation of a shingle beach Set of 24, colour, plastic-mounted slides supplied in a wallet with teaching notes, by A. J. Cooper. Available from Audio Visual Productions Ltd, Hocker Hill House, Chepstow, Gwent NP6 5ER. Price £8.40, ref. 35 850; Peter Benson

slides/stips Evolution and behaviour Five sets of 35 mm colour slides with study notes. Three sets are reviewed here:

• Adaptations to predation AV221 (50 slides)

• Adaptive colouration AV222 (50 slides)

• How animals eat AV223 (44 slides)

Soon available in this series will be Animal societies and Insect societies. They are produced by David W. Macdonald in association with Oxford Scientific Films and are available from Oxford Educational Resources Ltd, 197 Botley Road, Oxford 0X2 OHE. Price £15 per set; Katie Bowbrick and Anne Roberts

slides/stips Hedges—past and presentSet of 24 mounted colour slides packaged as a three-page booklet by John Feltwell. Available from Audio Visual Productions Ltd, Hocker Hill House, Chepstow, Gwent NP6 5ER. Price £8.40, ref. 35 832.; Patricia A. Horton

slides/stips Experiments in biology A 50-frame 35 mm colour filmstrip supplied with cardboard slide mounts and teachers' notes, by J. Cremona. Available from Focal Point Audio Visual Ltd, 251 Copnor Road, Portsmouth, Hants, P03 SEE. Price £7.75, ref. 181.; Anita de Brouwer and Dean Madden

Tape/Slide Respiration: energy for life Two sets of 80 mounted slides, two prerecorded cassette tapes (one side with an inaudible signal and the other with an audible signal). Available from Edward Patterson Associates, Treetops, Cannongate Road, Hythe, Kent CT21 5PT, price £68; or from Science and Mankind Inc., Communications Park, Box 2000, Mount Kisco, NY 10549, USA, price $169.50 (with carousels) reference 1-1045-2850, or as a filmstrip $1149.50 reference 2-3045-2850.; Teresa Carberry, Kevin Want and Joy Wilson

Tape/Slide Extinction and endangered species: Natural process or human intervention A tape/slide presentation in four parts. 160 slides in total. Each part has a tape cassette with audible advance cues on one side and a 1000 Hz automatic signal on the other. Available from Edward Patterson Associates, Treelops, Cannongate Road, Hythe, Kent, CT21 5PT, price £68; or from Science and Mankind Inc., Communications Park, Box 2000, Mount Kisco, New York 10549, USA, price $169.50. In the USA the slides are prepacked in two carousels and are also available as a filmstrip $149.50. A comprehensive teacher's guide is provided.; Jill Beagley, Caroline Gould, Jonathan Gravesm and Sally Anne Wedderburn

Films The endocrine system Systems working together Two of a series of 10 16 mm colour sound films also available as videocassettes ranging in length from 11 to 22 minutes. Available from Viewtech Audio Visual Media, 122 Goldcrest Road, Chipping Sodbury, Bristol BS17 SXN. Price: Videocassettes: VHS £40.00, VCR £45.00, Betamax £40.00, V-matic £45.00; film hire: Endocrine System £10.50, Systems working together £9.80

Films The endocrine system

Films Systems working together; Sue Allan

Films Fungi and Man 16 mm colour film with teacher's notes by David Boulton. Running time: 17.5 minutes. UK, 1983. Available from Boulton-Hawker Films Ltd, Hadleigh, Ipswich, Suffolk IP7 5BG. Price: £201. Hire charge £7.50. Also available as videocassette: VHSjBetamax £23, Philips £29, U-Matic £35; S. M. Allan

Films Plants make food (2nd edition) A 16 mm colour film. Running time: 13 minutes. Produced by Churchill Films, Los Angeles, USA, and distributed by Boulton-Hawker Films Ltd, Hadleigh, Ipswich, Suffolk IP7 5BG. Price £146. Hire charge £7.50.; S. M. Allan

Videotapes The masterbuilders Videocassette. Running time 45 minutes. Release date June 1983. Produced by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL. Price £28.18, also for hire as videocassette or film; Sue Allan

Videotapes The Gibbs Kids investigate dentists Videotape available in VHS and Beta formats. Running time 15.5 minutes. Date of production 1982. Available from Gibbs Oral Hygiene Service, Hesketh House, Portman Square, London W1A 1DY. Price £7.00; Jane Seddon, Claire Thomas and Jane Powell

Tapes Science in Society Audio Unit 6: Science, technology and people Two audio cassettes, comprising a total of four, 15-minute programmes, supplied in a box with a set of Teacher's notes. Available from Science in Society Audio Ltd, 218 Sussex Gardens, London W2 3UD. Price £9.90.; Emma Wynne

Charts Fens D2.7 Towns and cities D2.8 Charts, in colour, size 70 cm by 30 cm. Available from Interpretative Branch, Nature Conservancy Council, Attingham Park, Shrewsbury, Shropshire SY4 4TW. Price £0.75 each.; John A. Barker

Charts Countryside charts: Birds By David Elcome. A set of 20 full-colour charts, size 495 mm by 370 mm. Published by Macmillan Children's Books, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants RG21 2XS. Price £11.95 plus VAT. ISBN 0 333 33121 4.; John A. Barker

Muliti-media Cartoon sheet discussion starters Produced by the Centre for World Development Education. Available from CtVDE, 128 Buckingham Palace Road, London SW1W 9SH. Price 20p each with discounts for bulk orders plus 20 per cent p and p.; Balwinder Ghatabora

Software Human Blood Groups By D. and V. Garland. Written for BBC Model B, with colour monitor cassette and disc versions produced by Garland Computing, 35 Dean Hill, Plymouth, Devon PL9 9AF. £15.00.; Sophie McCormick

Software Microdiet Produced by the Advisory Unit for Computer Based Education, Hatfield. Program notes written by Dodie Hodgkinson. Available on disk or cassette for RML380Z. £25 + VAT.

Software Diet analysis Jeanette Bowen and Bob Waters for Computers in the Curriculum Project and MEP. Available on disk and cassette for RML380Z, 480Z, BBC B, and PET; on disk only for Apple. £14.50+VAT. Both from Longman Micro Software, Longman Group Ltd, 33-35 Tanner Row, York YOl 1JP.; Tessa Carrick

Software Flowering in soya bean Tom Bridson and Alison Rose for Computers in the Curriculum Project and MEP. Available on disk and cassette for RML380Z, 480Z, BBC B, and PET; on disk only for Apple. £14.50+VAT. From Longman Micro Software, Longman Group Ltd, 33-35 Tanner Row, York YOl UP.; Tessa Carrick     

America's paradox

Michael C. Dawson, BEHIND THE MULE: RACE AND CLASS IN AFRICAN‐AMERICAN POLITICS, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994, xii + 234pp., (paper) npl.

Paula D. McClain and Joseph Stewart Jr., ’CAN WE ALL GET ALONG?’: RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES IN AMERICAN POLITICS, Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995, xv + 208pp., £33.50 and £9.50 (paper).

Joe E. Feagin and Hernán Vera, WHITE RACISM: THE BASICS, New York: Routledge, 1995, xiv + 230pp., £12.99 (paper).     

Germination responses of native and invasive Cerrado grasses to simulated fire temperatures

Background: Fire is an important ecological factor in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna). However, comparative studies on the effect of high temperatures experienced during fires on seed germination of native and invasive grass species are few.

Aims: To assess germination responses to simulated fire temperatures by seeds of invasive and native Cerrado grasses.

Methods: Heat-shock treatments (50 °C, 70 °C, 90 °C, 110 °C, 130 °C or 150 °C) were applied to seeds of 10 species of native and invasive grasses. For each temperature, the seeds were heated in a dry-air flow for 2 or 5 min. This combination of temperatures and exposure times simulated the soil conditions during typical Cerrado fires.

Results: Temperature treatment was significantly related to germination, and the effect varied according to species. Heat shock did not increase germination in either the native or the invasive species. Exposure time was important for only two species, and four species showed a significant increase in mean germination time.

Conclusions: Species showed different tolerances to high temperatures. It was not possible to differentiate the native and invasive grasses only by their tolerance to high temperatures, suggesting that fire alone may not be an efficient management tool to control the invasive species studied here.