Species boundaries,phylogenetic relationships,and ecological differentiation inAnthriscus (Apiaceae)

Species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships of 17 taxa ofAnthriscus (Apiaceae), with special emphasis on the critical sect.Cacosciadium, were explored using morphological data with principal component analysis, phenetics, and phylogenetics. The analyses did not provide satisfactory resolution of taxa from sect.Cacosciadium and only four species were retained. The total number of species was reduced to nine. Sect.Cacosciadium is distinguished by only two synapomorphies while sects.Anthriscus andCaroides are better supported. Present geographic and ecological variation suggests that the radiation ofAnthriscus occurred through divergence of peripheral isolated populations adapting to different habitats: high montane meadows and screes, shady climax forests, and seasonally dry habitats at lower altitudes. The adaptive significance of particular morphological traits is discussed.     

Übersicht zur systematischen Gliederung der Gattung Carlina Mit 3 Tafeln und 5 Abbildungen

In the tribe Cynareae the genus Carlina is a well limited taxon. The sequence of leaves and involucral bracts, and the form of heads are important characters for identification. The genus is classified into the subgenera Carlowizia, Lyrolepis, and Carlina. The ancestral subgenera Carlowizia and Lyrolepis are endemits of the Canary islands respectively the south Aegean islands. The very variable species of the Mediterranean-Central European-West Asian subgenus Carlina are divided into sect. Corymbosae, sect. Mitina, sect. Carlina, and sect. Heteracantha. These sections are well distinguished by several morphological and anatomical features. A new species C. kurdica) is described from north-west Iraq.     

Phylogenetic systematics of New WorldIpomoea (Convolvulaceae) based on chloroplast DNA restriction site variation

Chloroplast DNA restriction site variation was studied in 31 New World species ofIpomoea, representing a majority of the New World sections and series within the genus. Using 14 endonucleases, a total of 124 phylogenetically informative restriction sites was detected. Dollo parsimony, Wagner parsimony, and bootstrap methods were employed to construct phylogenetic trees and evaluate confidence intervals of monophyletic groups. With a few exceptions, groups circumscribed on the basis of morphological variation are in agreement with groupings based on restriction site variation. Relationships between subgeneric groupings, however, disagree substantially with those proposed in the past. Although conflicting hypotheses for some intersectional relationships are not presently resolvable, cpDNA restriction site analyses propose the following refinements of existing classification schemes.Ipomoea ser.Setosae is divided into distantly related groups, as is sect.Pharbitis. SeriesTyrianthinae, a proposed segregate of sect.Pharbitis, is associated with sect.Calonyction and the Tricolor complex (subg.Quamoclit).Ipomoea sect.Batatas is segregated from other herbaceous groups of the heterogeneous subg.Quamoclit sensu lato and aligned as a derivative ofI. setosa, subg.Eriospermum. To test for homology of key characters weighted in traditional schemes, morphological features were studied with respect to their distribution on lineages defined by restriction site data. Characters such as setose sepals, foliose-pubescent sepals, and erect growth habit, among others, are interpreted as having multiple origins, while 3-locular ovaries, 4-locular ovaries, and long-haired seeds have evolved only once.     

10种金花茶组植物的花粉形态及分类学意义

金花茶组(Sect.Chrysantha)植物具有很高的观赏价值,但其分类存在争议.为探讨金花茶组植物花粉的形态特征和分类学意义,该研究用扫描电镜观察了10种金花茶的花粉形状、外壁纹饰以及穿孔特征,统计了极轴长、赤道轴长和萌发沟长,并进行聚类分析.结果表明:(1)10种供试金花茶植物花粉为中粒花粉,大部分花粉形状呈近球...     

Chusquea sect. Swallenochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) and allies in Brazil

The 13 high altitude/latitude, dwarf species ofChusquea in Brazil are described, illustrated, and mapped, and their morphology, habitats, distributions, and taxonomic affinities are discussed. Two keys to species are provided, one based solely on vegetative characters, and the other on vegetative and flowering characters.Chusquea erecta, C. nutans, C. riosaltensis,C. windischii, C. caparaoensis, andC. nudiramea are described as new, andC. microphylla is elevated to specific status. Two subspecies are recognized within the variableC. mimosa: C. mimosa subsp.australis and subsp.mimosa. Seven species are formally classified withinChusquea sect.Swallenochloa; the remaining six species are classified into two informal categories, theNudiramea andHeterophylla groups. A list of all the species currently included withinChusquea sect.Swallenochloa is provided.     

Morphological and molecular data support recognition of a new rupicolous species of Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula

A new rupicolous species, Pinguicula saetabensis, belonging to P. sect. Pinguicula is described from calcareous cliffs of central-southern Valencia province, in the eastern Iberian Peninsula. It has previously been confused with P. mundi and P. vallisneriifolia, two close allies endemic to southern Spain which share some morphological traits and a similar habitat. However, some peculiarities allow recognition of those Valencian plants at the specific rank. Data on morphology, ecology, biogeography and conservation are reported for the new species, and its taxonomic affinities are discussed on the basis of phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Furthermore, the presence of one population of P. vallisneriifolia is confirmed in that province, also based on morphological and molecular data.     

Relationships among species inCarex sect.Phyllostachys (Cyperaceae) based on allozyme divergence

Allozyme variation was examined inCarex sect.Phyllostachys (Cyperaceae) to provide insight into phylogenetic relationships hypothesized in an earlier study and to determine the degree of genetic differentiation within and between taxa. Genetic identity values are concordant with the morphological differences found between species. The lowest values are found between species with the greatest morphological dissimilarity. Conversely, the highest values are associated with species pairs distinguished by relatively few morphological differences. Conspecific populations possess high genetic identities, although interpopulation differentiation has characterized the evolutionary history of some species. Geographic patterning is also evident within species, with geographically proximate populations often having the highest identity values. Phylogenetic trees produced using different cladistic methods were poorly supported and varied in their depiction of relationships among species. One cladogram produced using presence/absence allelic data is more or less congruent with a topology recovered from an earlier analysis utilizing molecular and morphological data. The wide- and narrow-scaled clades are maintained as are the sister species pairsC. backii/C. saximontana, C. basiantha/C. superata, andC. jamesii/C. juniperorum. Contrary to the finding of our previous study, however,C. willdenowii is aligned withC. jamesii/C. juniperorum.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Camellia cattienensis</Emphasis>: a new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Camellia</Emphasis> (sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Archaecamellia</Emphasis>: Theaceae) from Vietnam

A new species of the genus Camellia L. (Theaceae, Theoideae) is described and illustrated under the name C. cattienensis. This species occurs in the rainforest vegetation of Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. A discussion of the morphological characters distinguishing this new species from related Camellia species is presented. Morphological evidence supports a transitional taxonomic placement in Camellia sect. Archaecamellia Sealy. This placement is justified by C. cattienensis exhibiting some morphological characteristics also found in sects Stereocarpus (Pierre) Sealy and Piquetia (Pierre) Sealy.     

Systematic analysis of Dendrobium Swartz section Dendrocoryne in the Australian region

Dendrobium sect. Dendrocoryne is a difficult taxonomic group of allied species and species complexes, occurring on the eastern Australian coastline, Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia. Significant morphological characters were assessed from all key areas of the distribution range. Patterns of variation between species, varieties and hybrids were investigated by principal coordinate analysis. The analyses affirm 12 species in the sect. Dendrocoryne described by Schlechter (1912, 1982) and Dockrill (1969, 1992), including a cluster of small statured D. gracilicaule, D. adae, D. fleckeri, and D. finniganense, and three variable species complexes – D. speciosum, D. kingianum and D. tetragonum. Recently described D. finniganense and D. callitrophilum are interpreted as members of the section. Phylogenetic relationships are presented based on parsimony analysis of 31 morphological characters. Analyses do not support proposals to recognize new genera for D. tetragonum, D. callitrophilum and D. aemulum, or to create new species within D. tetragonum, D. jonesii, D. speciosum and D. kingianum. The phylogeny indicates that rainforest taxa are earlier lineages and xerophytic taxa are more derived.     

四种刚竹属植物花器官形态描述

该文根据采自华东地区的一些刚竹属植物居群中的可靠花枝标本,结合现场调查和形态解剖观察,描述和增补了白哺鸡竹、瓜水竹、谷雨竹、云和哺鸡竹的花序、假小穗和花部形态特征,并提供了显示花枝外貌和花器官主要特征的照片。瓜水竹的花序呈头序,小花较短,应属于水竹组;而其余3种的花序呈穗状,小花较长,应归隶刚竹组。所有的凭证标本均保存于安徽省广德县林业科学研究所竹类标本室中。     

Do species of Crataegus sect. Sanguineae occur in Iran?

Results of a revision of Iranian species of Crataegus section Sanguineae are presented here. Previously, two species of this section, C. sanguinea Pall. and C. babakhanloui Khat., were reported from Iran. However, detailed analyses of morphological and micro‐morphological characteristics, as well as phytogeographical data, could not confirm this information; herbarium specimens recognised as C. sanguinea appeared to be C. pentagyna Waldst. & Kit. (C. sect. Pentagynae), while C. babakhanloui should be included in the C. section Crataegus. The section Sanguineae is represented in Iran only by C. wattiana Hemsl. & Lace, the presence of which is reported here for the first time.     

中国茜草属sect.Oligoneura的形态计量学研究

茜草属为茜草科模式属,全球约80种,中国有近一半的物种,是茜草属的重要分布中心,大部分隶属于sect.Oligoneura。但是,该组内各种间的形态特征错综复杂,依靠单个性状不易划定种间界限。该研究在全面衡量sect.Oligoneura组内各种间形态特征的基础上,选取该组20种共171份标本,对其3个数量性状和28个定性性状进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明:在主成分分析中,前3个主成分累积贡献率有46.88%,性状的累积贡献率增长并不明显,但该结果仍与聚类分析结果一致。对前3个主成分贡献较大的特征包括叶形(叶长宽比)、叶柄长度、叶脉、每轮叶片数和生活型等,这些形态性状也是该属传统分类学中重要的物种鉴定特征。该研究结果与分子系统发育结果基本一致,支持该组内ser.Chinenses、R.mandersii group、R.angustissima group和R.siamensis group类群的划分,但并不支持ser.Cordifoliae单独成系。sect.Oligoneura内除少数物种外,大部分物种界限均比较清晰。形态计量学研究为sect.Oligoneura甚至茜草属的物种鉴定与划分提供了重要的参考意义。     

A phylogenetic study ofSaxifraga sect.Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae) based on nrDNA ITS sequences

Parsimony analyses of 54 nrDNA ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequences ofSaxifraga sect.Saxifraga were performed. In addition to some unresolved clades, there is strong disagreement between the ITS phylogeny and previous classifications based primarily on morphology. The extensive cytological instability of sect.Saxifraga prevents previous cytotaxonomical results from resolving the incongruence between molecular and morphological data. Dissimilar topologies between chloroplast (matK) and nuclear (ITS) trees for eight species of sect.Saxifraga suggest that gene trees and the true species tree are not coincident. Recent and mid-term reticulation is proposed as an explanation for the incongruence between morphological, cytological, organellar, and nuclear data. Homogenization in multigene families, such as the ITS region, via concerted evolution may be the key to the interpretation of results based on ITS sequences within sect.Saxifraga. The use of organellar genes in a larger sample should help to determine whether extensive reticulation occurs in sect.Saxifraga, as has been documented in various genera of Saxifragaceae.     

Phylogenetic reconstruction of Chirita and allies (Gesneriaceae) with taxonomic treatments

Abstract Chirita D. Don, a large genus in the subfamily Cyrtandroideae of Gesneriaceae, has been the subject of much debate whether it is a natural group or not. In addition, the highly heterogeneous Chirita has also been very problematic with regard to delimitation and subdivision. Here we used the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer and cpDNA trnL‐F for molecular phylogenetic analaysis, combined with morphological data. Our results suggest that Chirita is an artificial, polyphyletic genus. The most important character that defines Chirita, the dorso‐ventrally oblique and bilamellar stigma, has evolved convergently in different clades of diandrous Cyrtandroideae. Chirita sensu stricto only includes the species of Chirita sect. Chirita, whereas Chirita sect. Microchirita is an independent clade located at the basal node of the phylogenetic tree. Chirita sect. Liebigia is closely related to Didymocarpus with an entire stigma unlike other species of Chirita. The species of Chirita sect. Gibbosaccus, Chiritopsis, Primulina, and Wentsaiboea form a monophyletic group that is sister to a strongly supported clade comprising four monotypic genera Paralagarosolen, Calcareoboea, Petrocodon, and Tengia. We further analyzed the morphological evolution of Chirita and identified a series of morphological synapomorphies for the monophyletic groups revealed herein, and thereby provide a taxonomic treatment in this study.     

Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Uromyces appendiculatus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">U. vignae</Emphasis> on legumes in Japan

Uromyces appendiculatus, inclusive of three varieties, is distinguished from U. vignae primarily by the position of urediniospore germ pores and putative host specificity. However, opinions concerning these morphological and physiological features as taxonomic characters have varied greatly, and distinction of these species has often been confused. To clarify the taxonomy of these two species, morphological features of urediniospores and teliospores of 225 rust fungus specimens on species of Phaseolus, Vigna, Apios, Lablab, and Dunbaria were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Forty-five specimens were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses. As a result, the position of germ pores in urediniospores and the teliospore-wall thickness were considered as good characters to separate three morphological groups. In molecular analyses, the specimens fell into two and three clades based on the nucleotide sequence at D1/D2 domain of LSU rDNA and ITS regions, respectively. One of the D1/D2 clades corresponded to one morphological group whereas another D1/D2 clade included two other morphological groups. In contrast, each of the three ITS clades corresponded to a separate morphological group. Neither morphological groups nor molecular clades were host limited. It is suggested that the three morphological groups that corresponded to three distinct ITS clades constitute distinct species.Contribution no. 186 from the Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba, Japan     

Centaurea sakariyaensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey

In this paper, a new Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) species from Turkey is described and illustrated. Centaurea sakariyaensis Uysal & Dural grows on rocky crevices in Sakarya province in north-western Anatolia. It belongs to C. sect. Centaurea L. and taxonomically its closest relative is C. wiedemanniana. Diagnostic morphological characters from a very similar taxon are provided, and a key from flora of Turkey is modified that includes related species of sect. Centaurea. The geographical distribution of the new species and species of other related taxa of the same section are mapped. The chromosome number of C. sakariyaensis, 2n = 18, counted in root tips, is also reported and illustrated.