Identificazione di Alcuni Fattori di Crescita Nel Succo di Pomodoro

Abstract

Growth-factors in tomato juice. Raw juice of green and red tomato fruits contains 7 amines which can be separated by paper electrophoresis. These were identified as basic amino acids (arginine, lysine and ornithine) and aliphatic diamine and polyamines (putrescine, spermine and spermidine). These amines were found in tomato juice for the first time. One compound (band 6, table 1) was not identified. Putrescine, spermidine and the unidentified band, after elution, were assayed « in vitro » for the possible cellular proliferation of Jerusalem artichoke (« Helianthus tuberosus ») dormant tubers. The results show that the last three coumpounds must be considered natural growth-factors present in the raw juice of tomato fruits.     

Residui di vegetazione spontanea in Roma

Summary

The A. describes a large remainder of natural vegetation at the periphery of Rome on the «Monti Parioli». Mainly it is Quercus Ilex macchia — evergreen wood, which becomes on the septentrional declivities Quercus Ilex — Quercus lanuguinosa mixed wood; here among the shrubs some not typical mediterranean elements are contained.     

Localizzazione intracellulare della clorogenico ossidasi in tessuti di tubero di patata in fase di attivazione

Abstract

INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF CHLOROGENIC ACID OXIDASE IN AGED POTATO TUBER DISCS. — The localization in the cells of chlorogenic acid oxidase has been investigated in potato tubers and discs of potato tuber. It has been ascertained that the rise of activity per gram of tissue, after preparation of discs, is not due to bacterial or fungal growth. The activity is widely distributed among cell fractions. Some activity is found in mitochondria, while most of the activity is distributed among soluble fraction and a « microsomal » fraction sedimented by centrifugation in the range 15.000–50.000 x g. This fraction appears to contain mitochondrial fragments, fragments of the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. When tuber discs are aged, the rise of chlorogenic acid oxidase activity is much larger in the soluble than in particulate fraction.     

Azione della luce sulla crescita allo stadio di plantula di un mutante clorofilliano di Triticum durum Desf

Abstract

ACTION OF LIGHT ON SEEDLING GROWTH IN A YELLOW-GREEN MUTANT OF TRITICUM DURUM DESF. — Dry grains of Triticum durum cv. « Cappelli » and its radiation-induced yellow-green mutant were sown in sand in four environment, different for light conditions (daylight, artificial light, ultraviolet rays, darkness), having all the same temperature (23°C.). Seven days after sowing, the following data were registered: a) growth (in cm.) of the shoot and of the longest root; b) fresh weight (in gr.) of shoots and roots; c) water content of shoots and roots.

The following main results were obtained:

1. the yellow-green mutant always shows less growth and less weight increase than normal « Cappelli », with the exception of the seedlings grown at daylight, which have shorter shoots and longer roots than the normal « Cappelli » but the same weight:

2. artificial light, besides depressing the growth of the roots of the yellow-green mutant, which becomes green under these conditions, induces a remarkable decrease in the water content of the roots of the two wheats.

     

DNA and histone content of immature tracheary elements from cultured artichoke explants

Relative amounts of DNA and histone were determined by Feulgen microdensitometry and alkaline fast-green microdensitometry in differentiating tracheary elements in cultured explants of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers. The absence of endopolyploidy in cultured artichoke tissue was confirmed, and the nuclei of tracheary elements were exclusively at the 2C level for both DNA and histones.     

Studio Comparativo della Struttura e del Ciclo Biologico di Due Diatomee di Acqua Dolce: Navicula Minima Grun. E Navicula Seminulum Grun.: III. Esame Dei Caratteri di Navicula Minima Grun. E di Navicula Seminulum Grun

Abstract

Comparative study of the structure and of the biological cycle of two fresh water diatoms: « Navicula minima » Grun. and « Navicula seminulum » Grun. III. Examination of the characteristics of « N. minima » Grun. and « N. seminulum » Grun. — After studing separately the Navicula minima Grun. and the Navicula seminulum Grun. the various characteristics of the two have been compared and contrasted for purpose of classification. The form and dimentions of the frustules, the density and the structure of the streaks, the structure of the walls, the life circle, aspects of their growths, and some anomalies, most especially, as regards the streaks were examined. It was found the among such numerous characteristics, only one, that is, the presence of the streaks formed by double rows of pores in N. seminulum rather than of a simple file as in N. minima makes one thinks that, in spite of strong similarities existing between these two Naviculae, they are to be regarded as belonging to e different systematic classes. However, their actual positions in taxonomy May-June be defined by further research into the structures and the variabilities of the frustules of other species of Naviculae similar to those examined.     

Fenomeni di Inattivazione e di Riattivazione Enzimatica in Endospermi di semi di Ricino

Abstract

Inactivation and riactivation of enzymes in endosperms of castor bean seeds. — On the basis of previous results, the possibility has been investigated of the reversible interconversion of active and inactive form of enzymes in castor bean seeds, during their development.

The results described here indicate that:

1. the activity of some glycolytic enzymes increases greatly (81% and 400% increase of, respectively, Gl-6-P-dehydrogenase and aldolase) upon incubation of dry seeds for few hours at 4 °C.

2. The decrease of enzyme activity upon dehydration of seeds and the increase during the subsequent imbibition can be shown reproducibly.

3. This same observation is made for oxygen uptake.

These results are interpreted to indicate the reversible inactivation of enzymes caused by dehydration of seeds.     

Osservazioni su un caso particolare di cicatrizzazione di un olivo danneggiato dalle minime termiche del febbraio 1956

Abstract

OBSERVATIONS ON A SPECIAL CASE OF WOUND HEALING IN AN OLIVE TREE DAMAGED BY LOW TEMPERATURE IN FEBRUARY 1956. — The authors have observed an unusual form of woung healing in an olive tree damaged by low temperature in 1956, and have studied its morphological and anatomical details.

Attention is drawn to the notable ability of olives to recover from low temperature damage, especially through the activity of the subsidiary trunks « corde » characteristic of the olive tree.     

II genere Amanita Pers. ex Fr. nei dintorni di Roma

Abstract

The genus Amanita Pers. ex Fr. in Rome neighbourood. — The presence of the genus Amanita in Rome neighbourood, small district, with vegetation and soil diversified, has been studied. The list includes 30 entities (A. caesarea, A. argentea°, A. nivalis, A. vaginata, A. vaginata var. cinerea°, A. fulva, A. crocea°, A. umbrinolutea°, A. lividapallescens°, A. strangulata, A. junquillea, A. eliae°, A. muscaria, A. pantherina, A. alba, A. phalloides, A. phalloides var. alba, A. verna, A. virosa, A. citrina, A. citrina var. alba°, A. porphyria°, A. rubescens, A. spissa. A. excelsa, A. aspera, A. vittadini, A. codinae°, A. strobiliformis, A. boudieri°), 11 new also for latium (°), among these A. codinae and A. vaginata var. cinerea hitherto not found in Italy. At last, the genus in whole region is examined.     

Ethanol fermentation with Kluyveromyces marxianus from Jerusalem artichoke grown in salina and irrigated with a mixture of seawater and freshwater

Aims: To study fuel ethanol fermentation with Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC8554 from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) grown in salina and irrigated with a mixture of seawater and freshwater. Methods and Results: The growth and ethanol fermentation of K. marxianus ATCC8554 were studied using inulin as substrate. The activity of inulinase, which attributes to the hydrolysis of inulin, the main carbohydrate in Jerusalem artichoke, was monitored. The optimum temperatures were 38°C for growth and inulinase production, and 35°C for ethanol fermentation. Aeration was not necessary for ethanol fermentation with the K. marxianus from inulin. Then, the fresh Jerusalem artichoke tubers grown in salina and irrigated with 25% and 50% seawater were further examined for ethanol fermentation with the K. marxianus, and a higher ethanol yield was achieved for the Jerusalem artichoke tuber irrigated with 25% seawater. Furthermore, the dry meal of the Jerusalem artichoke tubers irrigated with 25% seawater was examined for ethanol fermentation at three solid concentrations of 200, 225 and 250 g l^?1, and the highest ethanol yield of 0·467, or 91·5% of the theoretical value of 0·511, was achieved for the slurry with a solid concentration of 200 g l^?1. Conclusions: Halophilic Jerusalem artichoke can be used for fuel ethanol production. Significance and Impact of the Study: Halophilic Jerusalem artichoke, not competing with grain crops for arable land, is a sustainable feedstock for fuel ethanol production.     

La Marana di Ciminiera (Foggia)

Summary

A «marana» of the Foggia Plain (Puglie) is a depression where water accumulates from the surrounding higher ground, and, very often, springs from the undersoil where the clay layer curves upwards. The soil is generally saline. It is not tillled but is grazed by herds of water-buffaloes. In the Marana di Ciminiera the auth. has found a mosaic of highly saline soils (with Salicornia fruticosa, Suaeda fruticosa, etc.), subsaline meadows (with Juncus acutus, Althaea officinalis, etc.), and fairly deep bogs, mostly drying up in summer (with Iris Pseudo-Acorus, Typha angustifolia, Phragmites communis, etc.).

A dense stand of Inula Helenium, one of Ligustrum vulgare, Lonicera etrusca, Crataegus Oxyacantha, Thalictrum flavum, Schoenus nigricans, and the general aspect of Lago della Contessa are described. Plants collected in the «marana» are listed.     

Il Gametofito Femmineo di Alcune Inuleae (Asteraceae)

Riassunto

È descritto lo sviluppo del gametofito secondo lo schema del « tipo normale » in Evax pygmaea Brot., Phagnalon rupestre DC., Helichrysum arenarium Moench., Inula Helenium L., Puliearia dysenterica Bernh. e ne è tratta occasione per una analisi delle fasi di vacuolizzazione e di polarizzazione. E considerato poi il valore sistematico dei caratteri del gametofito adulto.     

Insediamento e Diffusione di Buddleia Davidii Franch

Abstract

«Buddleya davidii» in «Valtellina» (North Italy), its settling and diffusion. — Vegetational areas where «Buddleya davidii» is naturalised in Valtellina are described and the subsequent phases are followed through 18 years.     

Ricerche Sulla Vegetazione dei Dintorni di Firenze

Summary

It is related on some phytocenoses of the southerly Florence hills, lying on the boundary of the two basal biochores of peninsular vegetation. Although the proximity and the chorographical analogy at the south-westerly ones and at Ceceri Mount, which are included yet in the » Quercetum Ilicis « ambit, these hills are whereas sensible displaced in the » Quercetum pubescentis «. They have microtherme elements of higher planes, but they have in yet the marks of littoral biochore, for instance Smilax aspera, abundantly penetrating in hedges and in a pine-grove but non in coppices of Quercus Cerris.     

Osservazioni Sull'embriologia di Nerine Rosea e di Amaryllis Belladonna (Amaryllidaceae)

Summary

The embryosac development in Nerine rosea Herb. has been found to occur according to the Normal type and indications of an identical development were found for Nerine curvifolia Herb., contrary to the observations of Schlimbach (1924), who reported a Lilium type for this species. Embryosacs of the Normal type also occur in Amaryllis Belladonna, to which a tetrasporic development had been erroneously ascribed by Schlimbach (1924). In Nerine rosea Herb. the formation of the microspores is of the «successive» type; the aploid cromosome number is n=12, in accordance with the describtions of Heitz.     

Ricerche Sulla Cultura Sommersa di Cellule Singole di Piante Superiori

Abstract

Research on submerged culture of single cells of higher plants. — The author describes a method which allows to obtain submerged cultures of single cells of Phaseolus vulgaris and Nicotiana tabacum. The medium composition in macroelements in the culture on agar appears to effect to a great extent the ability of tissues to dissociate into single cells in the subsequent liquid culture. In this respect Heller's solution results to be more suitable than Gautheret's and Hildebrandt and Ri-ker's.

Cells are grown at 24 [ddot]C in 300 ml flasks containing 60 ml of broth on a rotary shaker at 220 rpm.

To prevent contaminations some antibacterial agents were added to cultures of Phaseolus vulgaris. Among these Penicillin and Neomycin were not tossic at 20 and 5 ppm concentrations respectively.

The presence of septa, which are observed also in largely vacuolate cells, seems to confirm the ability of single cells to divide.

The optimum 2,4-D concentration for growth decreases from 6 × 10^-8 to 6 × 10^-8 during successive liquid cultures, each of them being inoculated with on amount of the previous one. This fact, showing the adaptation of liquid cultures to decreasing concentrations of the growth hormone, is in agreement with previous observations in solid cultures by several authors.     

Embriologia di Ulmus campestris L

Riassunto

L'A. stabilisce die in Ulmus campestris L. lo sviluppo del gametofito femminile avviene secondo due distinti tipi di sviluppo tetramegasporiali bipolarizzati: 1) gametofiti 10, 12 e 14-nucleati con oangio monosporiale che si costruiscono per polarizzazione 1+3 dei nuclei sporiali; 2) gametofiti 8-nucleati con oangio disporiale del tipo Adoxa.

Stabilisce inoltre che la frequenza di sviluppo dei due tipi oscilla intorno ai valori percentuali del 65% e 35% rispettivamente.

Il grado molto elevato di frequenza dei gametofiti 10-nucleati, finora ignoti nella letteratura embriologica, offre all'A. l'opportunità di discutere sul significato e gli attributi del tipo generale Pyrethrum parthenifolium 16-nucleato; il sottotipo Ulmus 10-nucleato, e i sottotipi Tanacetum 12- e 14-nucleato devono esser considerati come sottotipi di riduzione ad esso subordinati.

Durante lo studio della microsporogenesi e dello sviluppo del gametofito femminile è stato riconfermato per questa specie il numero aploide dei cromosomi n = 14. Sono state oservate varie anomalie nella differenziazione dei granuli pollinici, causate da fattori climatici.     

Aziqne letale e azione mutagena della metil β β′ dicloroetilammina su spore di Aspergillus niger

Summary

It is shown that the lethal action of nitrogen mustard on spores of Aspergillus niger can be described in terms of the target theory, if one assumes that the intensity of this action varies with time. A two-hit curve can be fitted on the experimental data, on the assumption that a decrease of lethality depends on the inactivation of the substance with time.

By diluting the suspension containing the spores with a solution of glycine and sodium bicarbonate, the action of nitrogen mustard is stopped. The lethal action of nitrogen mustard is much weaker at 0° C than at 27° C.

Even though exact mutation rates have not been evaluated, an outstanding number of morphological and physiological mutants among the colonies developing from irradiated spores have been observed.     

Sulla penetrazione di Penicillium digitatum Sacc. e Penicillium italicum Wehmer nei frutti degli agrumi

Summary

The A., with a series of controls and investigations, accomplished on different groups of Oranges and following various forms of artificial infection with Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, renders evident the different reactions that these moulds have with regard to the resistance of the cuticle and the epidermic and under-epidermic stratums of the peel of the controlled fruits. Moreover the A. confirms that both the P. digitatum and the P. italicum can act as «parasite of injury» and as «parasite of contact».     

Resoconto di Una Erborizzazione Nell'Isola di Giannutri (Arcipelago Toscano)

Abstract

A botanical trip at Giannutri (Tuscan Islands). — The Author refers on an excursion of 10 years ago, listing all the plants known up to day for Giannutri. A brief geobotanic picture of the place is given and some protective measures are claimed.