Mancata formazione di forme ascofore e conservazione di culture di Funghi Patogeni in substrati naturali

Riassunto Il tentativo di ottenere forme picnidiche od ascofore di Dermatofiti, lasciandoli crescere durante 3 anni, all'oscuro (sotto terra e in cantina), su substrati cosidetti naturali (penne di gallina; crine di cavallo; unghie fresche di cavallo; cuoio grezzo conciato; letame bovino fresco e maturo; fieno secco e fieno-silos; terra da giardino) non ha dato risultati positivi. Si é constatato, però, che nella maggior parte dei substrati e per la maggior parte delle specie, queste rimangono viventi, e da culture normali non vi é tendenza a pleomorfizzare ; al contrario, talvolta, si ha un tentative di ripristino della normale morfologia partendo da culture pleomorfiche.

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Summary The attempt of obtaining pyknidic or ascus-bearing forms of Dermatophytes, letting them grow during a period of three years in the darkness (underground and in cellars) on so-called natural mediums (henfeathers, horse-hair; fresh horse-hoofs; raw tanned leather; fresh and ripe cattle manure; dried and silos-hay; garden soil) has not given satisfying results.It has been observed, however, that in the greater part of mediums and for what concerns the greatest part of species, these remain alive, and in the normal cultures there is not tendency towards a pleomorphism ; on the contrary, it has been sometimes observed an attempt of regaining the normal morphology in the pleomorphic cultures.

     

Nuove ricerche sulla coltura in vitro di Aucuba japonica Thunb

Abstract

New researches on the culture « in vitro » of Aucuba japonica Thunb, – Caulinar fragments grown in vitro in nutrient media solidified with agar are compared with fragments grown on a filter paper support on unshaken liquid media. Tissue cultures of Aucuba are established putting down caulinar fragments just taken from the plant with isolated callus; subcultures are obtained more easily in July. We have observed that during the months of March or April, caulinar fragments, taken from the plant at various months of the year, of different ages and cultivated on various media, unexpectedly produce many roots.     

Sulle Cause Determinanti La Formazione Di Tumori in Ibridi Di Nicotiana

Abstract

Cause of tumor formation in NICOTIANA hybrids. Further serological studies. — Additional researches have been carried out about genetical tumors in genus Nicotiana. By means of serological procedure the affinity among pairs of species that give rise to tumorous and non-tumorous hybrids has been tested, considering also their phyletic interrelation. Using ion exchange chromatography a qualitative analysis of the total proteins of tumorous and non-tumorous tissue of hybrids and of normal leaves taken from hybrids and their parental species was carried out. Serological analysis of affinity between the species tested gave following results:

1) higher serological affinity was found between species belonging to the same subgenus than between species belonging to different subgenera.

2) serological affinity between pairs of species giving rise to tumorous hybrids is higher than the affinity observed between other pairs of species that give rise to normal hybrids in spite of the same sistematic position. The same serological responses were obtained studying many species of Nicotiana with the single apparent exception of N. langsdorffii. The results of chromatographical analysis have revealed a high constancy of protein composition of the normal and tumorous tissue of hybrids. This conferms the genetical uniformity of the whole plant.     

Ulteriori ricerche sulla germinazione di Cercis siliquastrum L. Azione dell'acido gibberellico e ruolo dell'endosperma nel fenomeno della dormienza

Abstract

Further research on the germination of Cercis siliquastrum L. Effect of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and role of endosperm in dormancy.—In order to locate the causes of the dormancy in Cercis siliquastrum L., researches have been carried out also on non-scarified seeds without integument, as well as on isolated embryos.

We have noted that gibberellic acid can substitute the cold treatment to interrupt the dormancy and we have also investigated the optimal concentrations.

The results we have obtained do not show the inhibition to be located in the integument and point out a determinant role of the endosperm.

Histological investigations are being carried out to study better the possible occurrence of a mechanical restraint imposed by the albumen on the non-dormant embryo.     

Action de la proline exogène sur l'activité de la voie du glycolate chez Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi n.c.

The effect of exogenous proline on the activity of the glycolate pathway in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi n.c. An exogenous proline supply in the light provokes an increase in free glycine concentration in apical tissues or in leaf disks of vegetative Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi n.c. This does not occur in the equivalent tissues of tobacco plants after floral induction, these being naturally rich in proline. In vegetative tobacco, we have tried to determine this specific action of exogenous proline. With ¹⁴C glycine, ¹⁴CO₂ experiments (Pulse-chase) and glycine decarboxylase activity determinations, we observed that glycine-serine transformation was inhibited by proline supply. Presently it is important to determine if endogenous proline acts on the same reaction.     

Osservazioni ultrastrutturali sulle cellule di Leydig di Lacerta s. sicula Raf. in esemplari di gennaio e di maggio

Riassunto Gli autori descrivono gli aspetti ultrastrutturali delle cellule di Leydig di Lacerta s. sicula Raf`. in esemplari in letargo del mese di Gennaio (I gruppo) e in altri in periodo degli amori del mese di Maggio (II gruppo).Negli animali del primo gruppo le cellule di Leydig sono poco numerose, piccole, con scarso sviluppo del reticolo endoplasmatico, e mitocondri di dimensioni ridotte e prevalentemente con creste lamellari.Gli esemplari del secondo gruppo presentano cellule di Leydig numerose ed ipertrofiche con un R.E. liscio sviluppatissimo in forma di tubuli e di vescicole; i mitocondri sono numerosi, ipertrofici, con creste prevalentemente tubulari e con la parete spesso interrotta; sono presenti gocce lipidiche e vari lisosomi.La presenza dei caratteri ultrastrutturali propri delle cellule steroidogenetiche nelle cellule di Leydig degli esemplari di Lacerta s. sicula Raf`. in periodo degli amori, tende a confermare la loro partecipazione al metabolismo degli steroidi sessuali.

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On the fine structure of leydig cells in january and may specimens of Lacerta s. sicula Raf.

Summary In order to study the ultrastructure of the Leydig cells in the lizard Lacerta s. sicula Raf., the AA. examined two groups of animals, namely: January specimens in hibernation and May specimens in the mating period.In the animals of the first group, the Leydig cells were scarce, small and possessed a poorly developed E.R. and small mitochondria usually presenting laminar cristae.In the specimens of the second group the interstitial cells were large and possessed a very well developed smooth E.R. arranged in a system of anastomosing tubules and vesicles; the mitochondria were numerous and large, with prevailingly tubular cristae and often with a discontinuous wall. Lipid droplets and lysosomes were also present.The observation on the ultrastructure of the Leydig cells in May specimens of Lacerta s. sicula Raf`. seems to confirm the opinion that these elements participate in the metabolism of the sexual steroids; in fact they possess ultrastructural features that are typical of steroidogenetic cells.

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Lavoro eseguito con il contributo n.115.1121.1245. della Impresa di Endocrinologia del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, e svolto, per le osservazioni al M.E., presso il Centro di Studio di Microscopia Elettronica della Facoltà di Scienze dell'Università di Napoli.     

Segnalazione di piante nuove,inedite, o notevoli per la regione marchigiana. III

Abstract

A report about new or interesting plants in the Marche region. III. — The authors report about the occurrence in the Marche of 61 entities of specific or infraspecific rank, 22 of which are new or unpublished concerning the region, while the remaining 39 have been previously very little or imprecisely mentioned; as to the latter new localities and stations are shown or general information on the distribution over the Marche district has been supplied. Out of the first 22 entities, 18 (Fumaria muralis subsp. muralis, Cardamine flexuosa, Lunaria annua subsp. pachyrhiza, Colutea arborescens subsp. gallica, Astragalus monspessulanas subsp. illyricus, Cornus sanguinea subsp. australis, Galium verrucosum, Hedypnois rhagadioloides subsp. tubaeformis, Andryala tenuifolia, Sonchus asper subsp. glaucescens, Rheichardia picroides var. maritima, Podospermum canum, Scorzonera austriaca, S. hirsuta, Bidens frondosa, Guizotia abyssinica, Ambrosia elatior, A. trifida) are, as far as the authors know, quite new or unpublished concerning the Marche, while 4 (Rumex angiocarpus, Trifolium repens subsp. prostratum, Epilobium lanceolatum, Picris hieracioides subsp. spinulosa) are generally reported in Middle Italy or over the whole Italian territory by the general Floras, but till now have not been mentioned in works dealing with regional flora.     

Uno studio citofotometrico delle proteine durante la mitosi nel meristema radicale di Allium cepa L.

Abstract

A cytophotometric study of proteins during mitosis in root tip meristematic cells of «Allium cepa L.». — Spectrophotometric analyses of the amount of Fast-green stainable proteins at different pH values (8,1; 6; 4; 2) have been accomplished in Allium cepa root tip meristematic cells during the four phases of mitosis. The results seem to indicate that: a) the highest absorption is detectable in correspondence of metaphase at each of the four pH values; b) the transition from prophase to metaphase is characterized by an increase of both proteins reacting at pH 8,1 (histones) and between pH 6 and pH 8,1 (neutral proteins); c) the transition from metaphase to anaphase is characterized by a loss of histones and of proteins reacting between pH 4 and pH 6 (acid proteins); d) the transition from anaphase to telophase is characterized by a loss of neutral proteins. The data are discussed in relation to the problem of chromosome coiling.     

Cultura in Vitro di Ovuli di Pinus Pinea L.

Abstract

Pinus Pinea ovules cultured in vitro. — The degree of growth and autonomical differentiation of Pinus pinea L. proembryo has been studied by means of controlled cultures in vitro of excised ovules.

Proembryos in vitro undergo involution and initials of their growth points change back into parenchimatoides cells.

Completely differentiated embryos cultivated in vitro behave as if they were not physiologicaly ripe in all their parts. Embryos cultured in august, september and october develop into rocotless seedlings. Only embryos cultured in november have roots able to elongate where germinating, but in a still scarce degree in comparison with hypocotile and cotiledons. Hypocotil root ratio is inverted as regards what happens in nature.

The primary endosperm of Pinus pinea L. cultivated in vitro undergoes surface diffuse proliferation.

A case of polyembriony has been observed.     

Sperm dimorphism in Nicotiana tabacum L.

Sperm cells of tobacco have been intensively studied as examples of isomorphic gametes in which major cellular and organellar parameters remain statistically indistinguishable in the two sperm cells. An examination of sperm cells late in maturation, however, displays that the sperm cell associated with the vegetative nucleus becomes statistically significantly smaller than the other sperm cell in tobacco. If late divergence occurs in the two sperms of other angiosperms, sperm dimorphism may be more prevalent than has previously been assumed and dimorphism may have a major influence on the pattern of double fertilization. Received: 15 December 2000 / Accepted: 4 May 2001     

Lipopolysaccharide-responsive phosphoproteins in Nicotiana tabacum cells.

Mounting evidence is merging to affirm the effectiveness of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as biological control agents, inducers of innate immunity, and to stimulate/potentiate the development of defense responses in plants through protein phosphorylation-mediated signal perception/transduction responses. In vivo labeling of protein phosphorylation events during signal transduction indicated the rapid phosphorylation of several proteins. Substantial differences and de novo LPS-induced phosphorylation were also observed with two-dimensional analysis. In this study, qualitative and quantitative changes in phosphoproteins of Nicotiana tabacum suspension cells during elicitation by LPS from the Gram-negative bacteria, Burkholderia cepacia, were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis in combination with a phosphoprotein-specific gel stain. Trypsin digested phosphoproteins were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and nano-electrospray-ionization liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nano-ESI-LC/MS/MS). A total of 27 phosphoproteins were identified from 23 excised gel spots. The identified phosphoproteins indicate that LPS(B.cep)-induced signal perception/transduction involves G-protein coupled receptor signaling, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent signaling pathways, H(+)-ATPase regulation of intracellular pH, thioredoxin-mediated signaling and phosphorylation of 14-3-3 regulatory proteins. Other targets of LPS(B.cep)-responsive phosphorylation included NTP pool maintenance, heat shock proteins, protein biosynthesis and chaperones as well as cytoskeletal tubulin. The results add novel insights into the biochemical process of LPS perception and resulting signal transduction.     

Use of transferable Nicotiana tabacum L. microsatellite markers for investigating genetic diversity in the genus Nicotiana.

The recent development of microsatellite markers for tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., may be valuable for genetic studies within the genus Nicotiana. The first objective was to evaluate transferability of 100 N. tabacum microsatellite primer combinations to 5 diploid species closely related to tobacco. The number of primer combinations that amplified scorable bands in these species ranged from 42 to 56. Additional objectives were to assess levels of genetic diversity amongst available accessions of diploid relatives closely related to tobacco (species of sections Sylvestres and Tomentosae), and to evaluate the efficacy of microsatellite markers for establishing species relationships in comparison with existing phylogenetic reconstructions. A subset of 46 primer combinations was therefore used to genotype 3 synthetic tobaccos and an expanded collection of 51 Nicotiana accessions representing 15 species. The average genetic similarity for 7 diverse accessions of tobacco was greater than the average similarity for N. otophora accessions, but lower than the average genetic similarities for N. sylvestris, N. tomentosa, N. kawakamii, and N. tomentosiformis accessions. A microsatellite-based phylogenetic tree was largely congruent with taxonomic representations based on morphological, cytological, and molecular observations. Results will be useful for selection of parents for creation of diploid mapping populations and for germplasm introgression activities.