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1.
Abstract

Pollen analysis of lake sediments on Mt. Vulture in Basilicata (Southern Italy).—A marshy sediment, about 7 meters thick, containing fossil pollen, has been discovered in a little lake of volcanic origin on a slope of Mount Vulture in Lucania at 656 m above sea level.

The sediment shows four distinct layers from the top to the bottom. The deepest layer, from 7 to 5.75 m, consisting of clay containing Betula and Ostrya, indicates a rather arid climate; the next layer, from 5.75 to 3.75 m, made up of mud rich in organic substance and containing pollen of Fagus and Abies, is witness of a damp and warmer climate; the following layer, from 3.75 to 2.25 m, with clay containing Betula, Ulmus, Ostrya and Corylus suggests a return to a more arid climate; lastly, the upper layer, from 2.25 m to the surface, with marshy mud rich in organic substance and pollen of plants with greater water requirements leads us to think of a return to a damper climate.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

Ultrastructural analysis of the effects of monensin in Euglena gracilis, with special reference to the Golgi apparatus. - The monovalent ionophore, monensin, is known to affect the mature (trans) half of the dictyosomes of several organisms, including Euglena gracilis. We demonstrated that the exposure to high concentrations of this compound (2.5 × 10?5 to 10?4M) provoked remarkable swelling also in the forming (cis) half of Euglena cisternae. Additional dilations affected the thylakoids of both mature chloroplasts and proplastids of greening cells in which the organelle development was slower than in the control group. No osmotic swelling was observed for the mitochondria. Since monnesin exchanges one proton for each monovalent cation (Na+ or K+) transported, it follows that an energy driven influx of H+ is necessary to accumulate sufficient osmotically active ions in a membrane compartment. Thus it is possible that H+-ATPases are present on both forming and mature half of Euglena dictyosomes.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

A method to quantify the dynamic schemes of vegetation based on information functions.—The dynamic schemes of vegetation as proposed by Braun-Blanquet have been never quantified with the aim to give indirect measures of the probability of transition between the types. This work presents a method that quantifies the arrows between the types by means of a redundancy measure. This is calculated by comparing the phytosociological types two by two. Redundancy, as proposed here, measures the similarity between the tables not only based on species composition but also on the basis of species cooccurrence. The method relies on the assumption that in a succession the higher is the redundancy between the types, that are presumably in sequence, the higher is the probability and then the velocity of transition from one type to another one. An example is given with data from coastal dune grasslands of the Venice Lagoon.  相似文献   

4.
Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe von Kohlenmarken wurde das Schicksal von verschiedenen Mesodermbezirken und von verschiedenen Zonen des Ektoderms der Flügelanlage bei Hühnerembryonen untersucht.Die Änderungen der Form und der Lage der in der Epidermis gesetzten Marken beweisen, daß das Ektoderm der Anlage distalwärts wächst und gleichzeitig in derselben Richtung gleitet. Dadurch beteiligt sich die Epidermis der beiden Flächen der Anlage an der Bildung und am Wachstum der Leiste, die den freien Rand der Gliedmaßenanlage bedeckt.Das Verhalten der Epidermis bei der normalen Morphogenese und nach Entfernung von sogar ziemlich ausgedehnten Epithelbezirken beweist, daß die epitheliale Randleiste keineswegs an der epithelialen Bekleidung der beiden Flächen der Gliedmaße teilnimmt. Die Randleiste vergrößert sich, sei es durch progressives Ausgleiten der Epidermis der beiden Flächen der Gliedmaße, sei es durch innere Wachstumstätigkeit.Verfasser versuchten die Lage der verschiedenen Bezirke des Mesenchyms der Anlage zu bestimmen, von welchen die verschiedenen Abschnitte des Flügels herstammen (vom Stadium 18 bis zum Stadium 27 nachHamburger-Hamilton). Diese Feststellungen wurden schematisch in Form von Aufrissen dargestellt (s. Abb. 15). Vom Stadium 19 mit 26 sondern sich die präsumptiven Bezirke des Vorderarmes und der Hand in verschiedenen Zeitabschnitten am Rande der Gliedmaße direkt unterhalb der epithelialen Randleiste ab; im einzelnen sind jedoch die Bezirke der Hand bis zum Stadium 21 mit Hilfe der Kohlenmarken nicht erkennbar.Die Resultate der verschiedenen Experimente beweisen, daß das Mesenchym, das bestimmt ist, die distalen Segmente des Flügels zu bilden, vom distalen Abschnitt der unmittelbar angrenzenden Bezirke abstammt, sich also an Ort und Stelle aus dem randständigen Material bildet und nicht dadurch entsteht, daß Zellen, die von anderen Bezirken herstammen, unter der Leiste zusammenfließen. Dieses Problem bedarf jedoch noch weiterer Untersuchung.Das Schicksal von Marken, die in verschiedenen Abschnitten der Epidermis der Gliedmaßenanlage und gleichzeitig im untenliegenden Mesenchym gesetzt wurden, beweist, daß zwischen den Stadien 18 und27 eine fortschreitende, allmähliche Änderung in den räumlichen Verhältnissen zwischen Mesenchym und Epidermis stattfindet, in dem Sinne, daß eine bestimmte Epidermisfläche in folgenden Stadien der Entwicklung verschiedene Mesenchymbezirke, die im allgemeinen immer distalwärts gelegen sind, bedeckt.Die bei der normalen Entwicklung stattfindenden morphogenetischen Verschiebungen und Wachstumsvorgänge wiederholen sich ohne wesentliche qualitative Abänderungen bei der Entwicklung von Gliedmaßen, welche in mehr oder weniger großem Ausmaß des Mesenchyms und der darüberliegenden Epidermis beraubt wurden.

Dedicato al Prof. G.Levi in occasione del Suo 86 ° compleanno.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

Karyology of some species of Vicia. The species studied are: Vicia articulata, Vicia monantha, Vicia narbonensis and Vicia ervilia.

The chromosome number 2n = 14 counted for the first three species agrees with that reported in literature; that of Vicia monantha (2n=14) agrees with that quoted by Heitz, while Senn finds 2n=12.

Karyotypes of V. narbonensis and V. ervilia show appreciable differences from those reported in literature.  相似文献   

6.
7.
8.
Conclusioni L'autore con un metodo istologico da lui elaborato, ha potuto accertare nel coniglio in seguito a tiroidectomia completa un'ipertrofia e iperplasia considerevole delle isole di Langerhans. Nel lume dei vasi venosi del pancreas ha poi messo in evidenza granulazioni identiche a quelle che si riscontrano nei dotti e nelle cellule acinose, fornendo per tal modo la prova morfologica che il secreto stesso predilige alla linfatica la via dei vasi sanguigni.
Zusammenfassung Der Verfasser konnte mit einer von ihm selbst ausgearbeiteten histologischen Methode bei Kaninchen nach vollständiger Thyreoidektomie eine beträchtliche Hyperplasie und Hypertrophie des Inselapparates beobachten. p ]In den Lumen der Pankreasvenen konnten Granula dargestellt werden, die identisch sind mit denen, die in den Ausführungsgängen und in den acinösen Drüsenzellen gefunden wurden. Damit ist der Beweis erbracht, daß das Drüsensekret nicht den Lymph-, sondern den Blutweg bevorzugt.


Mit Unterstützung der Rockefeller Foundation.  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

Marine mycoflora of Portofino bay.—On a detrital limestone in Portofino bay, wood panels of Fraxinus ornus, Abies alba, Ochroma lagopus, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua, Pinus pinaster, Populus alba and Olea europaea have been laid as bait in different periods of the year to show the incidental seasonal influence on the installation of fungine species.

A different seasonal frequency has been noticed also concerning fouling organisms. The wooden bait has been fished out after a minimum time of 50 and a maximum of 283 days, and incubated in a moist chamber to foster growth and isolation of fungi.

Lulworthia medusa is one of the most frequent species and fructifies plentifully near corpses and holes of the isopod Limnoria tripunctata.

This ascomycete fructifies also on wood panels incubated in Petri dishes in contact with filter paper imbued with bacteria, whereas it does not fructify in culture if strips of the same paper are sterilized. It seems therefore that bacteria carry on an important role in the complex relations between isopod crustaceans and fungi; Limnoria carrying bacteria stimulated the forming of perithecia of Lulworthia. This lignicolous fungus has been isolated in two different species, according to the length of the mucillagineous appendages of the ascospora and on some physiological characters.

The presence of Trichocladium achrasporum for the Mediterranean, of Halosphaeria maritima for the Italian seas are reported for the first time; the presence of Nia vibrissa and of Humicola alopallonella is reported for the second time for Italy. Papulaspora halima has been isolated again, after protracted immersion and incubation. The partiality for temperate-cold temperatures of Cirrenalia macrocephala and of Corollospora maritima is confirmed. Other ubiquitous species are reported, and the hypothesis of Ceriosporiopsis halima flourishing in polluted water is renewed.  相似文献   

10.
11.
Abstract

The effects of kinetin on chlorophyll breakdown in irradiated barley leaves. — Kinetin is shown to inhibit the breakdown of chlorophyll in isolated barley leaves. Moreover the kinetin is shown to inhibit, even if with lower effect, the chlorophyll breakdown in irradiated barley leaves. This possible correlation of these observations, with kinetin promoted protein synthesis is suggested.  相似文献   

12.
Lauro Galzigna 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(1-2):224-227
Abstract

ON THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COLCHICINE ON MITOSIS. — The effect of colchicine on glutathione has been studied in order to explain its effect on mitosis. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that colchicine or its derivatives (colcemide) exert their antimitotic action by reversible oxidation of thiolic proteins present in the cell. This hypothesis could also explain the lack of antimitotic action of thiocol-chisode.  相似文献   

13.
14.
Abstract

The effects of sugars on the development of hexokinase and fructokinase activities in isolated cotyledons from germinating castor bean seeds. — The possibility of an inductive effect of hexose concentration on the rate of synthesis of enzymes involved in the phosphorylation of sugars has been investigated. Cotyledons were removed from castor bean seeds germinated 48 h at 27 °C in the dark, and incubated 12 h in water or in 0,05–0,1 M glucose or fructose. The activities of hexokinase and of fructokinase (determined spectrophotometrically in the soluble fraction from cell free extracts) was found to increase, upon incubation, at a rate more than 100% higher for the cotyledons incubated in the presence of sugars than for those in water. The results suggest some specificity of the effect of fructose on fructokinase and of glucose on hexokinase. « Insoluble » hexokinase was not affected by the sugars. Protein synthesis inhibitors such as actinomycin D and puromycin inhibited any increase of kinase activities in the isolated cotyledons.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF CHLOROGENIC ACID OXIDASE IN AGED POTATO TUBER DISCS. — The localization in the cells of chlorogenic acid oxidase has been investigated in potato tubers and discs of potato tuber. It has been ascertained that the rise of activity per gram of tissue, after preparation of discs, is not due to bacterial or fungal growth. The activity is widely distributed among cell fractions. Some activity is found in mitochondria, while most of the activity is distributed among soluble fraction and a « microsomal » fraction sedimented by centrifugation in the range 15.000–50.000 x g. This fraction appears to contain mitochondrial fragments, fragments of the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. When tuber discs are aged, the rise of chlorogenic acid oxidase activity is much larger in the soluble than in particulate fraction.  相似文献   

16.
A. Lostia 《Mycopathologia》1965,27(1-2):26-28
Letto al Io Congresso della Società Internazionale di Dermatologia Tropicale, Napoli, 8–13 Giugno, 1964.  相似文献   

17.
Giorgio Forti 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(1-3):291-293
Abstract

PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF DPN-KINASE FROM PEA LEAVES. — The presence of DPN-kinase has been demonstrated in pea leaves. The enzyme has been purified about 100 fold from this material. The possible significance of DPN-kinase and TPN-phosphatase (FORTI et Al., 1962) in the interconversion of pyridine nucleotides is discussed.  相似文献   

18.
Mario Orsenigo 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(1-2):250-252
Abstract

MECHANISM OF COCHLIOBOLIN ACTIVITY: A PREVENTIVE NOTE. — Coch-liobolin caused leakage of phosphate and organic compounds from corn rootlets and potato discs, at room temperature. The leakage does not occur at 1–5°C, but when potato discs are incubated at this temperature and then thoroughly washed and brought at 25°C, a sharp increase of phosphate may be noticed in the incubation solutions.

Cochliobolin inhibited partially the aerobic respiration of glucose and endogenous carbon in Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus resting cells. Aerobic respiration of pyruvate, succinate, fumarate and malate was completely inhibited, while the inhibition of lactate and Lketoglutarate respiration required a short lag period. The hydrogen-ion concentration of the media seemed to be an important factor controlling the rapidity of action of the inhibitor, because at pH 4 and 5 at least 120 minutes were required prior any effect could be observed, while only 30 minutes were required at pH 6.

The effects of cochliobolin on Micrococcus resting cells were irreversible In contrast, respiratory activities of acetonic powders were refractory to the substance under aerobic conditions, and oxidation of pyruvate, malate, fumarate, succinate and α-ketoglutarate were not affected by saturated solutions of cochliobolin. It is suggested that the first site of attack is the cell wall-cell membrane unit, altering cell permeability, so that inorganic ions and other cofactors essential to respiration are lost in consequence of the leakage through the cell membrane.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

«Crepis bursifolia » L., new permanent tenant of the flora in west ligurian coast. — The author declares the permanent presence of « Crepis bursifolia » L. in Liguria, and informs about new stations of this species along the western riviera. The relates, furthermore, the unfavourable results of his close investigation to verify the eventual presence of further station of « C. bursifolia » L. found by former researcher.  相似文献   

20.
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