1. Zenker's solution 4 hours at 37°C or Dominici's 3 hours.
2. 70% alcohol, 12 to 18 hours at room temperature.
3. 80% alcohol, about 5 to 6 hours.
4. 90% alcohol, about 4 to 6 hours.
5. Absolute alcohol about 16 hours.
6. Ether and absolute alcohol aa, about 8 hours.
7. 16 to 24 hours in the following mixture: celloidin 1 g., methyl salycilate 25 cc., abs. alcohol 25 cc., ether 25 cc.
8. Chloroform and paraffin, 2 to 3 hours.
10. Paraffin, 1 to 1 1/2 hours.
11. Embed.
1. Cut sections 4 to 5 μ.
2. Bring section to water and cover with Lugol's iodine for 10 minutes.
3. Decolorize with a 2% sodium thiosulfate (hypo).
4. Wash thoroly with water.
5. Cover with a mixture of equal parts of 0.5% phloxine and 1% eosin Y (National Aniline brand) and leave for 15 minutes.
6. Wash with water and stain 2 to 5 minutes in 0.1% azure B (National Aniline).
7. Wash with 96% alcohol and decolorize in a mixture of 2 parts absolute alcohol with 1 part clove oil, ordinarily for not more than 1/2 to 1 minute.
8. Dehydrate rapidly, clear, and mount in Yucatan Elemi.
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l'archisporio è pluricellulare e possono svilupparis talvolta pi[ugrave] cellule madri;
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normalmente solo una cellula madre arriva a maturità;
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delle quattro megaspore solo una è fertile e precisamente la pi[ugrave] calazale;
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lo sviluppo del gametofito è del tipo Normale cioè Monomegasporiale con oangio emisporiale.
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Identification of skulls
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Taxonomic situation of the vicugna
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Origin of the alpaca.
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Determine concernsby using risk assessment techniques for various scenarios.
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Identify the consequences by systematically identifying hazards.
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Undertake calculations by using relevant models.
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Evaluate certainties, uncertainties, and probabilities involved in the calculations of the vulnerability and of the exposure.
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Compare with criteriato assess the need for further action.
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Determine and act on options to control, mitigate, and adapt to the risk.
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Communicatethe results to those who need to know.
- Highlights
The present investigation signifies the role of Enterobacter spp. in various processes:
??To synthesize gallic acid (a precursor for food oxidant such as propyl gallate) and a bacteriostatic antibiotic (trimethoprim).
??To protect the environment from tannery’s discharge through the process of biodegradation.
??To reduce the toxicity of tannins in animal feed.
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The fresh substance stand less alterations in the leaves with the excavated border than in the sound leaves, the dry substance is less in the hust leaves than in those sound.
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The fresh substance shows little waverigs in the leaves notched on alone side of the border, but the dry substance is always inferior in the hust leaves than in the sound half and in those entire.
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The substances fresh and dry are less in the bored leaves than in the sound, the dry substance shows little alternations in those bored in one or the other half of the border.
l-Aspartate was found to replace l-asparagine in the protective action from acid inactivation of l-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) produced by Escherichia coli A–1–3 and at the same time to inhibit the proteolytic inactivation by α-chymotrypsin.
l-Asparaginase changed in its chromatographic properties in the presence of l-aspartate and became to be absorbed on the CM Sephadex column.
The sedimentation patterns of l-asparaginase at pH 3.5 were identical either in the presence or absence of l-aspartate, showing partial dissociation. But the reversibility to the active state was observed only in the enzyme dissolved in the solution containing l-aspartate.
l-Aspartate did not prevent the enzyme either from the dissociation into subunits or from decrease in the activity by urea.
High concentration of l-aspartate was shown to inhibit the l-asparagine hydrolysis reaction.
l-Aspartate was suggested from ORD measurements to cause changes in the higher structure as well as the ionic properties or proteolytic inactivation.
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Continuous darkness leads in a few days to a disappearance of the variations of the circadian rhythms of digestive enzymes while these rhythms go on in continuous light.
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Short (1 or 2 hrs) and low intensity flashes of white light are effective in bringing on the reappearance of rhythmic variations in darkness.
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We have been able to establish an isoquantic spectrum of action of the light. Two values of wavelength appears to account for a maximum sensibility of the shrimp: one in ultraviolet light and an other one, more important, in the green (λ=544 nm).
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In green light it is possible to obtain the same effect of light by decreasing the time of stimulation to 5 or 10 mn and in increasing the total quantity of energy. Significant responses are obtained with total energy greater than 10000 pE. cm‐2.
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the species was found in 26 localities, including all of those previously reported by other authors, and had an area of occurrence about 6 500 km2
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the population of T. ruspolii was censused by means of linear transects, giving an estimate of about 10 000 individuals.
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T ruspolii frequents mostly forest margins and relatively dry Acacia woodlands. These habitats are less severely threatened by human activity than true forests in present day Ethiopia.
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since T. ruspolii and the related T. leucotis usually occur in different habitats (the latter preferring wetter forest) competition is not likely to be a severe threat for T. tuspolii.
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the species is subject to some egg collecting by local people, but probably not to a severe extent. Other direct human persecution was not recorded.
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although there is no hint of numerical decrease in the past, this is likely to occur in the future, as consequence of the increasing human pressure in the region.
The catalase activity of Candida tropicalis pK 233 was induced by hydrocarbons but not by glucose, galactose, ethanol, acetate or lauryl alcohol.
The induction of the catalase activity depending upon hydrocarbons was sensitive to cycloheximide but not to chloramphenicol.
Glucose repressed strongly the induction of the catalase activity by hydrocarbons but galactose did not affect seriously.
When C. tropicalis was incubated with hydrocarbons, the appearance of microbodies was observed electronmicroscopicaliy.
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ultra-violet light stimulates the germinating power of grains, born from subjects treated no longer than 240 hours at a distance of 1 m from the lamp; longer treatments abate germinating power;
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ultra-violet light stimulates, the germinating energy of grains born from subjects treated no longer than 120 hours; treatments during 120–240 hours don't notably modify it; treatments of over 240 hours reduce it very much;
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according to the conditions in which this work has been done, a 10 days-irradiation seems to be, under every point of view, for the best. A 71/2 — days irradiation seems to be insufficient, a 121/2 — days one excessive, and hence prejudicial;
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glumes are strong screening-organ for ultra-violet light;
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ultra-violet light gives late appearing effects.
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inefficiency of the purification procedure;
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surface denaturation;
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imperfect freeze-drying of the final product; and
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factors yet unknown vhich cause alteration in the immoglobulins or other protein components not ellminated by the purification procedures.
- Clinical significance
Elevated sarcosine levels are associated with prostate and colorectal cancer, Alzheimer, dementia, stomach cancer and sarcosinemia.
Quantitative determination of sarcosine is of great importance in clinical chemistry as well as food and fermentation industries.
Attempts made in development of sarcosine biosensors have been reviewed with their advantages and disadvantages, so that scientist and clinicians can improvise the methods of developing more potent sarcosine biosensor applicable in multitudinous fields.
This is the first comprehensive review which compares the various immobilization methods, sensing principles, strategies used in biosensors and their analytical performance in detail.
- HIGHLIGHTS
Water molecules through a composite graphene/Au nano-nozzle forming a nanojet is investigated.
High pressure and spatial confinement cause the nanojet from a small nozzle diameter (≤1.0?nm) to bend and twist.
High extrusion speed (≧55.824?m/s) produced recirculating flow downstream from the nanojet.
Figure abstract: Schematic of the H2O nano-jet through a nano-nozzle of graphene/Au
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the activity of some glycolytic enzymes increases greatly (81% and 400% increase of, respectively, Gl-6-P-dehydrogenase and aldolase) upon incubation of dry seeds for few hours at 4 °C.
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The decrease of enzyme activity upon dehydration of seeds and the increase during the subsequent imbibition can be shown reproducibly.
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This same observation is made for oxygen uptake.
L-Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) from Escherichia coli A–l–3 was acetylated using acetic anhydride as a modifying chemical. The fully acetylated L-asparaginase retained 60% of the activity of the unmodified L-asparaginase.
The acetylated L-asparaginase hydrolyzed D-asparagine and L-glutamine as well as L-asparagine in the same ratio as the unmodified L-asparaginase did.
However, the effects of pH on the activity of the acetylated L-asparaginase showed very interesting differences from that of L-asparaginase. On the other hand, both L-asparaginase and the acetylated L-asparaginase exhibited similar pH activity curves on L-glutamine hydrolysis.
The acetylated L-asparaginase was found to become more stable against acid or heat in the presence of L-aspartate than in its absence in the same manner as L-asparaginase was.
- Research highlights
An efficient immobilization protocol on polyurethane foam was developed
Polyethyleneimine and acetic acid were used to regulate the micro-environment concurrently
The activity of lipase immobilized on PUF-HCL-AA/PEI was improved by 2.41 times
Immobilized lipase exhibited excellent operational stability for vitamin A palmitate synthesis
1. in air or oxygen-saturated reaction systems, addition of hydrogen peroxide resulted in a decrease in diene conjugation and double-stranded DNA content, but had no obvious effects on the formation of DNA fluorescent products;
2. in anoxic conditions, addition of hydrogen peroxide had no effect on the formation of diene conjugation and fluorescent products, but resulted in a decrease of double-stranded DNA content;
3. in the presence of DTPA, Fe3+ did not stimulate the formation of diene conjugation;
4. the formation of diene conjugation and fluorescent products was not inhibited by superoxide dismutase, catalase, sodium benzoate, sodium azide and mannitol.