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the activity of some glycolytic enzymes increases greatly (81% and 400% increase of, respectively, Gl-6-P-dehydrogenase and aldolase) upon incubation of dry seeds for few hours at 4 °C.
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The decrease of enzyme activity upon dehydration of seeds and the increase during the subsequent imbibition can be shown reproducibly.
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This same observation is made for oxygen uptake.
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the yellow-green mutant always shows less growth and less weight increase than normal « Cappelli », with the exception of the seedlings grown at daylight, which have shorter shoots and longer roots than the normal « Cappelli » but the same weight:
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artificial light, besides depressing the growth of the roots of the yellow-green mutant, which becomes green under these conditions, induces a remarkable decrease in the water content of the roots of the two wheats.
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A removed ear, not yet mature, exerts a depressing effect upon the development of the stem and ucon the leaf's functions.
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The threads and the pistils removed inhibit the enlongament of the stem and alter the functions of leaves.
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Maturing seeds removed cause trubles on the function of the vegetative organ.
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From the moment when the developing seed has reached the maximal fresh weight to the moment of its complete ripening, the RNA content decreases from about 700 μg per seed to about 200 μg.
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During the same period the DNA level (about 13–15 μg per seed) remains nearly costant.
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Fractionation by sucrose density gradient of the phenol extracted RNA (H. L. Sanger and C. A. Knight, Biochem. Biophys. Reserch Commun., 13, 445, 1963) shows that during the ripening of the seed the high molecular weight RNA decreases much more than the low molecular weight RNA.
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Radioactive phosphate injected in the seeds is incorporated in the RNA at all the stages. Fractionation by sucrose density giadient shows that the phosphate is essentially incorporated in low molecular weight RNA and there is pratically no labelling of the heavier RNA after quite a long period (2 hr.).
1. Zenker's solution 4 hours at 37°C or Dominici's 3 hours.
2. 70% alcohol, 12 to 18 hours at room temperature.
3. 80% alcohol, about 5 to 6 hours.
4. 90% alcohol, about 4 to 6 hours.
5. Absolute alcohol about 16 hours.
6. Ether and absolute alcohol aa, about 8 hours.
7. 16 to 24 hours in the following mixture: celloidin 1 g., methyl salycilate 25 cc., abs. alcohol 25 cc., ether 25 cc.
8. Chloroform and paraffin, 2 to 3 hours.
10. Paraffin, 1 to 1 1/2 hours.
11. Embed.
1. Cut sections 4 to 5 μ.
2. Bring section to water and cover with Lugol's iodine for 10 minutes.
3. Decolorize with a 2% sodium thiosulfate (hypo).
4. Wash thoroly with water.
5. Cover with a mixture of equal parts of 0.5% phloxine and 1% eosin Y (National Aniline brand) and leave for 15 minutes.
6. Wash with water and stain 2 to 5 minutes in 0.1% azure B (National Aniline).
7. Wash with 96% alcohol and decolorize in a mixture of 2 parts absolute alcohol with 1 part clove oil, ordinarily for not more than 1/2 to 1 minute.
8. Dehydrate rapidly, clear, and mount in Yucatan Elemi.
The catalase activity of Candida tropicalis pK 233 was induced by hydrocarbons but not by glucose, galactose, ethanol, acetate or lauryl alcohol.
The induction of the catalase activity depending upon hydrocarbons was sensitive to cycloheximide but not to chloramphenicol.
Glucose repressed strongly the induction of the catalase activity by hydrocarbons but galactose did not affect seriously.
When C. tropicalis was incubated with hydrocarbons, the appearance of microbodies was observed electronmicroscopicaliy.
The 1C conformation was estimated for α-d-galactopyranosiduronic acid moiety of pectic acid in the permethylated derivative dissolved in 1 n NaOD-D2O and in the peracetylated derivative dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide-d6, and the C1 conformation was estimated for some derivatives of d-galactopyranuronic acid in chloroform-d by NMR spectroscopy.
Random conformation of the whole macromolecule was estimated for pectic acid in water on the basis of no appearance of any induced Cotton effects in the 200 ~ 700 mμ region in the ORD spectra of pectic acid-anionic dye complexes.
The conformation was supported by the fact that the rate of periodate oxidation of pectic acid at 5° was slightly decreased in comparison with that of amylase in 7 m urea solution.
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Nyssodrysilla nov. gen. mit N. irrorata (Melzer) aus Brasilien als Generotype, N. viliata (Melzer), comb, nov., aus Brasilien und N. lineata nov. spec, aus Peru.
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Nyssodrysola nov. gen. mit N. stictica nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype.
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Sciadosurus nov. gen. mit S. albobrunneus nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype.
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Acarinozineus nov. gen. mit A. striatus nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype und A. spinicornis nov. spec, aus Mexiko.
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Alcathousites nov. gen. mit A. chaclacayoi nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype.
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Xylergatina nov. gen. mit X. pulcher (Lane) aus Peru als Generotype.
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Xylergatoides nov. gen. mit X. asper (Bates) aus Brasilien und Argentinien als Generotype.
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Xylergates Bates, Generotype X. lacteus (Bates), mit Beschreibung der beiden neuen Arten X. elaineae aus Peru und X. dorotheae aus Britisch‐Guayana.
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Chaetanes Bates, Generotype C. setiger (Bates), mit Beschreibung der drei neuen Arten C. costulatus aus Peru, C. nigrobasalis aus Brasilien und C. apicalis aus Französisch‐Guayana.
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Wo es erforderlich ist, sind Bestimmungstabellen gebracht und die Arten abgebildet.
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The fresh substance stand less alterations in the leaves with the excavated border than in the sound leaves, the dry substance is less in the hust leaves than in those sound.
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The fresh substance shows little waverigs in the leaves notched on alone side of the border, but the dry substance is always inferior in the hust leaves than in the sound half and in those entire.
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The substances fresh and dry are less in the bored leaves than in the sound, the dry substance shows little alternations in those bored in one or the other half of the border.
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Continuous darkness leads in a few days to a disappearance of the variations of the circadian rhythms of digestive enzymes while these rhythms go on in continuous light.
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Short (1 or 2 hrs) and low intensity flashes of white light are effective in bringing on the reappearance of rhythmic variations in darkness.
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We have been able to establish an isoquantic spectrum of action of the light. Two values of wavelength appears to account for a maximum sensibility of the shrimp: one in ultraviolet light and an other one, more important, in the green (λ=544 nm).
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In green light it is possible to obtain the same effect of light by decreasing the time of stimulation to 5 or 10 mn and in increasing the total quantity of energy. Significant responses are obtained with total energy greater than 10000 pE. cm‐2.
The most suitable carbon source for 5-ketofructose fermentation by Gluconobacter suboxydans Strain 1 was confirmed to be d-sorbitol or l-sorbose using growing and resting cells. d-Fructose had little effect on the formation of this dicarbonylhexose.
The optimal pH for the formation from l-sorbose by intact cells was found to be at 4.2.
The activity of the pentose phosphate cycle in the resting cells was calculated as 13~17 μatoms/hr/mg of dry cells by the use of the manometric techniques.
There was no strain tested so far which could accumulate a large amount of 5- keto-d-fructose from d-sorbitol except this bacterium.
The experimental results shown in this paper makes the prediction that a certain dehydrogenating system of l-sorbose is functional in the organism, and the metabolic pathways of d-sorbitol via l-sorbose and 5-keto-d-fructose is proposed.
l-Aspartate was found to replace l-asparagine in the protective action from acid inactivation of l-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) produced by Escherichia coli A–1–3 and at the same time to inhibit the proteolytic inactivation by α-chymotrypsin.
l-Asparaginase changed in its chromatographic properties in the presence of l-aspartate and became to be absorbed on the CM Sephadex column.
The sedimentation patterns of l-asparaginase at pH 3.5 were identical either in the presence or absence of l-aspartate, showing partial dissociation. But the reversibility to the active state was observed only in the enzyme dissolved in the solution containing l-aspartate.
l-Aspartate did not prevent the enzyme either from the dissociation into subunits or from decrease in the activity by urea.
High concentration of l-aspartate was shown to inhibit the l-asparagine hydrolysis reaction.
l-Aspartate was suggested from ORD measurements to cause changes in the higher structure as well as the ionic properties or proteolytic inactivation.
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l'archisporio è pluricellulare e possono svilupparis talvolta pi[ugrave] cellule madri;
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normalmente solo una cellula madre arriva a maturità;
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delle quattro megaspore solo una è fertile e precisamente la pi[ugrave] calazale;
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lo sviluppo del gametofito è del tipo Normale cioè Monomegasporiale con oangio emisporiale.
Very useful nitrogen source: Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid
Useful nitrogen source: Alanine, Diammonium citrate
Insufficient nitrogen source: Glycine, Proline
Harmful for chick growth: Serine
- Highlights
The present investigation signifies the role of Enterobacter spp. in various processes:
??To synthesize gallic acid (a precursor for food oxidant such as propyl gallate) and a bacteriostatic antibiotic (trimethoprim).
??To protect the environment from tannery’s discharge through the process of biodegradation.
??To reduce the toxicity of tannins in animal feed.
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inefficiency of the purification procedure;
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surface denaturation;
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imperfect freeze-drying of the final product; and
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factors yet unknown vhich cause alteration in the immoglobulins or other protein components not ellminated by the purification procedures.
- Highlights
The influence of soil mineralogy of herbicide sulfentrazone retention was evaluated.
Canavalia ensiformis and Crotalaria juncea were evaluated as phytoremediation plants.
Kaolinite soils presented great movement of sulfentrazone in the soil.
Natural attenuation is more efficient in oxide soils than phytoremediation.
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Research into the visual shape discrimination abilities of compound‐eyed animals has almost exclusively been limited to insects, the crustaceans having been virtually ignored. The two groups have many dissimilarities, having primarily adapted in different habitats to different lifestyles. Differences may exist in visual systems and visually mediated behavior.
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Fiddler crabs (Uca pugilator), without training, differentially approached dissimilar silhouettes presented simultaneously, demonstrating visual discrimination between stationary, geometric shapes of equal‐area. The strength of response was ordered hierarchically: vertical rectangle, horizontal rectangle, triangle, square, circle.
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Basic geometric shapes were used to facilitate replication and comparison with research findings from other species.