解脲脲原体感染动物模型的研究进展

解脲脲原体(Uu)是女性泌尿生殖道黏膜中常见的微生物,其致病性仍存在争议。Uu感染下生殖道可表现为尿道炎或宫颈炎,而定植于新生儿下呼吸道可引起肺炎、支气管肺发育不良、慢性肺部疾病等。研究Uu感染的发病机制、宿主的免疫反应以及Uu感染的防治,动物模型是不可缺少的。目前国内、外已成功建立多种Uu感染动物模型,主要包括下生殖道感染模型及呼吸道感染模型。在Uu生殖道感染动物模型的建立中,雌二醇的预处理必不可少,实验动物首选BALB/c小鼠;而呼吸道感染模型不需雌二醇预处理,多位学者成功使用C3H/HeN小鼠建立了该模型。     

解脲脲原体感染与不孕不育

解脲脲原体是人类泌尿生殖道常见的寄生菌之一,它可以引起男女泌尿生殖道感染,其中最严重的后果认为可导致男女不孕不育。支原体感染是否与男性和女性的不孕不育有关,其致病的主要机制是什么,探讨这些问题对于防治解脲脲原体感染,减少及避免不孕不育疾病的发生有重要意义。本文对近年来关于解脲脲原体感染导致女性不孕和男性不育的机制进行了综合概述。     

不孕不育患者解脲脲原体菌株血清型别的检测

本文以解脲脲原体标准菌株１－１４型免疫家获得ＵＵ１－１４型抗血清。用ＩＤＴ法对４８株自不孕不育患者分离的地方株作分型试验。结果在１．２．４．５．６．７．８和１２血八个清型中出现强阳性反应,其中４型最多。另有４株混合型。对四种血清型无反应。     

大学生尿沉渣中解脲脲原体和人型支原体感染情况分析

目的了解解脲脲原体(Ureaplasma urealytium,Uu)和人型支原体(Mycoplasma homanis,Mh)在大学生泌尿道中的感染情况.方法采用培养方法对37例正常的在校大学生的尿沉渣进行Uu和Mh的培养.结果采用培养方法检测21.6%(8/37)的大学生Uu感染为阳性,其中分离阳性者全部是女生(8/20,40%),13.50%(5/37)大学生Mh培养为阳性,其中阳性者亦全部为女生,占女生人数的25%(5/20).结论Uu和Mh可能是女性泌尿道的正常寄生的微生物之一.     

解脲脲原体药物敏感性变迁研究

目的:探讨上海地区2008与2012年泌尿生殖道解脲脲原体(Ureaplasma urealyticum,UU)耐药性变化,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法:采用自制UU药物敏感检测试剂对2008年450例和2012年459例患者的标本进行检测,观察UU阳性情况及UU对交沙霉素、氧氟沙星、阿奇霉素和强力霉素的药物敏感性。结果:2008年分离到150例UU阳性标本和2012年分离到134例UU阳性标本分别对交沙霉素、强力霉素、氧氟沙星和阿奇霉素等4种抗菌素的敏感率有显著性差异;2008年46例和2012年38例男性患者阳性标本中分离的UU分别对交沙霉素和阿奇霉素敏感率有显著性差异;对强力霉素和氧氟沙星敏感率无显著性差异。2008年104例和2012年96例女性患者阳性标本中分离的UU分别对交沙霉素、强力霉素、氧氟沙星和阿奇霉素等4中抗菌素的敏感率都有显著性差异。结论:5年间UU药物敏感性发生了变迁;临床医师应该关注本地区药物敏感性变迁,合理选用抗生素。     

解脲脲原体生物学特性的研究

本文研究了4株解脲脲原体的生物学特性,发现解脲脲原体在不含血清的液体培养基中加有青霉素3.1×10³—1.2×10⁴u/ml即可生长2—4代;在半固体培养基培养时,除指示剂变色外无肉眼可见生长现象。解脲脲原体不同株对醋酸铊敏感性不一,当浓度<0.1mg/ml时,无抑制生长作用。     

慢性阴道炎患者生殖道解脲脲原体和沙眼衣原体感染分析

目的通过荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测慢性阴道炎患者阴道内解脲脲原体(Uu)和沙眼衣原体(Ct)感染状况,用以指导临床正确治疗。方法应用荧光定量聚合酶链反应对380例慢性阴道炎患者的阴道分泌物进行解脲脲原体和沙眼衣原体PCR检测。结果解脲脲原体阳性率为42.9%,其阳性标本的平均拷贝数为3.4×105copies/ml,沙眼衣原体阳性率为16.6%,其阳性标本的平均拷贝数为5.8×104copies/ml,解脲脲原体和沙眼衣原体合并感染的阳性率为12.6%。结论PCR技术具有简便、快捷、准确的优点,是目前快速诊断慢性阴道炎患者Uu、Ct感染状况的可靠诊断方法之一。     

生殖道衣原体、支原体感染与盆腔炎症的相关性分析

目的:探讨女性生殖道衣原体、支原体感染发生与盆腔炎症的相关性,并为相应人群提出相应的预防和治疗措施。方法:对我院2012年1月到2013年5月诊治的盆腔炎患者280例及60名健康妇女进行了衣原体、支原体的培养,采用试剂盒进行检查,并进行药敏实验,分析比较两组生殖道衣原体和支原体感染情况。结果:盆腔炎症组中衣原体感染的检出率为58.5%,支原体感染率为26.2%,衣原体合并支原体感染率为12.4%。健康妇女组衣原体感染、支原体感染及衣原体合并衣原体感染的检出率分别为:9.1%,6.2%和4.9%。两组的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在盆腔炎症患者组中,30岁人群中单纯衣原体感染和单纯支原体感染检出率分别为51.3%和26.4%,均要明显高于30岁以上的人群,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:盆腔炎症与生殖道衣原体,支原体感染有密切的相关性,盆腔炎的发病可能与生殖道衣原体、支原体感染有关,针对临床上盆腔炎患者应密切关注生殖道支原体、衣原体的感染问题。     

男性不育患者解脲支原体感染状况及其对精液参数的影响

目的:观察男性不育患者解脲支原体UU感染状况及其对精液参数的影响,分析治疗前后精液参数的变化.方法:用培养法检测4300例男性不育患者精液UU感染情况并行精液常规检测,与正常对照组进行比较.对UU感染患者根据药敏结果进行治疗,并观察治疗前后精液参数的变化.结果:男性不育患者UU的感染率为39.3％,对照组为12.8％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).男性不育UU阳性患者精子浓度、前向运动PR、正常形态率与同组阴性者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),与对照组阴性者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),与对照组阳性者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经治疗后患者精子浓度、前向运动、正常形态率有明显改善.结论:解脲支原体感染是引起男性不育的主要原因,对精子浓度、前向运动、正常形态率有一定的影响,经过合理治疗后精液质量可以改善.     

Vaccination rates and COVID outcomes across U.S. states

Rates of COVID deaths, hospitalizations, and cases differ markedly across U.S. states, as do rates of vaccination. This study uses cross-state regressions to assess impacts of vaccinations on COVID outcomes. A number of familiar issues arise concerning cross-sectional regressions, including omitted variables, behavioral responses to vaccination, and reverse causation. The benefits from a field context and from the broad range of observed variations suggest the value from dealing with these issues. Results reveal sizable negative effects of vaccination on deaths, hospitalizations, and cases up to early December 2021, although vaccine efficacy seems to wane over time. The findings for deaths apply to all-cause excess mortality as well as COVID-related mortality. The estimates imply that one expected life saved requires 248 additional doses, with a marginal cost around $55000, far below typical estimates of the value of a statistical life. Results since December 2021 suggest smaller effects of vaccinations on deaths and, especially, hospitalizations and cases, possibly because of diminished effectiveness of vaccines against new forms of the virus, notably the omicron variant. A further possibility is that confidence engendered by vaccinations motivated individuals and governments to lessen non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as masking and social distancing.     

女性生殖道解脲支原体感染与胎膜早破与新生儿窒息的相关性

摘要 目的：探讨女性生殖道解脲支原体(Ureaplasma urealyticum,UU)感染与胎膜早破与新生儿窒息的相关性。方法：2017年6月至2019年6月选择在地区门诊就诊的孕妇108例,检测生殖道解脲支原体感染情况,调查所有孕妇的一般资料、分娩方式、胎膜早破、新生儿窒息状况并进行相关性分析。结果：在108例孕妇中,48例检出解脲支原体感染,感染率为44.4 %。感染组的年龄、体重指数、产次、孕次、受教育年限、孕周等与非感染组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。感染组的胎膜早破与新生儿窒息发生率分别为22.9 %和18.8 %,显著高于非感染组的3.3 %和1.7 %(P<0.05)。感染组的剖宫产率高于非感染组,自然分娩率低于非感染组,对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在108例孕妇中,Pearson分析显示解脲支原体感染与胎膜早破、新生儿窒息都存在相关性(P<0.05)。结论：女性生殖道解脲支原体感染比较常见,可导致剖宫产、胎膜早破、新生儿窒息发生率增加,也与胎膜早破、新生儿窒息存在显著相关性。     

不孕症患者卵泡液AMH、sRAGE、IGF-1与卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨不孕症患者卵泡液抗苗勒氏管激素（AMH）、可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体（sRAGE）、胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）与卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的关系研究。方法：选择2019年1月至2022年1月湖南省妇幼保健院生殖医学中心收治的192例行早卵泡期超长方案体外受精/卵细胞质内单精子显微注射-胚胎移植（IVF/ICSI-ET）治疗的不孕症患者,根据治疗后卵巢反应性将患者分为低反应组（29例）、正常反应组（136例）、高反应组（27例）,根据临床妊娠情况分为妊娠组（82例）和未妊娠组（110例）。检测卵泡液中AMH、sRAGE、IGF-1水平,分析其与卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的关系。结果：低反应组卵泡液AMH、sRAGE、IGF-1水平低于正常反应组和高反应组（P＜0.05）,正常反应组卵泡液AMH、sRAGE、IGF-1水平低于高反应组（P＜0.05）。未妊娠组卵泡液AMH、sRAGE、IGF-1水平低于妊娠组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示卵巢低反应、低AMH、低sRAGE、低IGF-1是不孕症患者未妊娠的危险因素（P＜0.05）,高获卵数是其保护因素（P＜0.05）。结论：不孕症患者卵泡液AMH、sRAGE、IGF-1水平与卵巢反应性和妊娠结局密切相关,检测卵泡液中AMH、sRAGE、IGF-1水平有助于评估不孕症患者妊娠结局。     

Characterization of microsatellite loci in Ulmus minor Miller and cross‐amplification in U. glabra Hudson and U. laevis Pall.

We developed five microsatellites from Ulmus minor using an AFLP protocol followed by an enrichment step, with biotinylated primers containing tandem repeats. Loci were characterized using a total of 30 elms from six Spanish populations. Three microsatellites were also transferred to U. laevis and U. glabra.     

Association between the JC Polyomavirus Infection and Male Infertility

In recent years the incidence of male infertility has increased. Many risk factors have been taken into consideration, including viral infections. Investigations into viral agents and male infertility have mainly been focused on human papillomaviruses, while no reports have been published on polyomaviruses and male infertility. The aim of this study was to verify whether JC virus and BK virus are associated with male infertility. Matched semen and urine samples from 106 infertile males and 100 fertile males, as controls, were analyzed. Specific PCR analyses were carried out to detect and quantify large T (Tag) coding sequences of JCV and BKV. DNA sequencing, carried out in Tag JCV-positive samples, was addressed to viral protein 1 (VP1) coding sequences. The prevalence of JCV Tag sequences in semen and urine samples from infertile males was 34% (72/212), whereas the BKV prevalence was 0.94% (2/212). Specifically, JCV Tag sequences were detected in 24.5% (26/106) of semen and 43.4% (46/106) of urine samples from infertile men. In semen and urine samples from controls the prevalence was 11% and 28%, respectively. A statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in JCV prevalence was disclosed in semen and urine samples of cases vs. controls. A higher JC viral DNA load was detected in samples from infertile males than in controls. In samples from infertile males the JC virus type 2 strain, subtype 2b, was more prevalent than ubiquitous type 1. JCV type 2 strain infection has been found to be associated with male infertility. These data suggest that the JC virus should be taken into consideration as an infectious agent which is responsible for male infertility.     

猕猴、食蟹猴群中STLV-1病毒感染状况研究初报

[目的]摸清STLV-1感染现状,从而有效地降低STLV-1在猕猴、食蟹猴群中的的感染率。[方法]采用STLV-1ELISA法对猕猴、食蟹猴血清进行抗体检测。结果本中心送美国BioReliance公司的2455只出口猴血清,103份血清呈STLV-1抗体阳性,19份血清呈STLV-1抗体可疑,其余血清均为STLV-1抗体阴性。[结论]猕猴、食蟹猴群中STLV-1的平均感染率为4.97%,其中猕猴STLV-1感染率为2.7%,食蟹猴STLV-1感染率为5.4%,是猕猴STLV-1感染率的2倍;随着年龄的增长,猕猴(食蟹猴)STLV-1的感染率也随之升高。     

Emergence of Chironomidae from Findley Lake and two ponds in the Cascade Mountains,U.S.A.

From Findley Lake and two ponds in the Cascade Mountains (U.S.A.) Chironomidae started to emerge as soon as the ice thawed in 1972 and 1973. The 1051 Chironomidae that emerged per m² from Findley Lake included 307 individuals ofTanytarsus and 358 ofProcladius. Tanytarsus outnumberedChironomus at all depths from 0 to 19.3 m. The 1506 Chironomidae that emerged per m² from the 4.5 m deep pond included 997 individuals ofTanytarsus. The 1490 Chironomidae that emerged per m² from the 2 m deep pond included 1363 Tanytarsus. The emerging biomass was 216 and 186 mg dry weight per m² in Findley Lake and the 4.5 m deep pond, respectively, and only 78 mg in the 2 m deep pond. Most species had their maximum emergence where there was organic detritus from the surrounding forest.Orthocladius emerged from sand bottom at 2.7 to 5.2 m depth.Stictochironomus emerged from mud and sand at 8.4 m depth.Chironomus emerged from soft mud at 15 to 27.5 m depth.     

基于论文和专利的中美脑科学领域对比研究

脑科学是生命科学领域的研究前沿和热点,美国是该领域的科技强国。本文基于科技论文和专利数据,利用文献计量学的定量分析方法,比较中国和美国在脑科学领域的理论研究和应用研究的差距。结果表明,基于论文分析的理论研究对比,发现中国较美国起步晚,目前论文数量上的差距正在缩小,但学术影响力的差距较大;基于专利分析的应用研究对比,发现中国在专利申请数量上已略超过美国,但在代表专利技术价值和市场价值的国际专利数量、技术布局、龙头企业及企业参与研发比重等方面,差距还非常之大。