A Redescription of Adult Phyllodistomum umblae (Fabricius) (Digenea, Gorgoderidae) from Salvelinus alpinus (L.) in Norway

Phyllodistomum umblae (Fabricius, 1780), originally described on the basis of specimens recovered from the ureter of Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus in Drangedalen, Norway, is here redescribed with both light (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) from material obtained from the type host and type locality. This species has been overlooked in general text-books of this century, e.g. those of Dawes and Yamaguti, but was discussed by Nybelin in a paper in 1926 in which he suggested its conspecificity with P. conostomum Olsson. The dimensions, shapes, position and arrangement of the internal structures and selected size ratios are described and illustrated with LM-pictures. The SEM-investigation reveals the tegumental microstructure, and special emphasis is given to the arrangement of papillae. The body papillae comprise: (a) constant numbers in a constant bilateral arrangement; (b) a variable number in an orientated bilateral concentration called rows; (c) regional concentrations; (d) randomly distributed ones. This system and its variability are described and figured. Four types of papillae, and their distribution as seen by SEM, are described. These results are compared with the results from other SEM–investigations on gorgoderids.     

A new species of Cephalobium (Rhabditida,Cephalobiidae), a parasite of Anurogryllus muticus (De Geer) (Orthoptera,Gryllidae) in Argentina

Cephalobium odontolateralis n. sp. (Nematoda, Cephalobiidae) is described and illustrated from the nymphs of Anurogryllus muticus (De Geer) (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) from Buenos Aires province, Argentina. It is characterized by a lateral large tooth in the stoma and by the arrangement and number of the genital papillae in the male; there are 6 pairs of postanal papillae, but none is preanal.     

Description of a new species of Thynnascaris Dollfus, 1933 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the stomach of the marine teleost fish Rachycentron canadus (Linnaeus)

A new species of the nematode genus Thynnascaris obtained from the teleost Rachycentron canadus (Linnaeus) is reported. A detailed examination of this specimen has allowed us to erect a new species Thynnascaris to accommodate the worm. It shows remarkable differences from other known species of Thynnascaris in respect of body size, length of the oesophageal appendix and intestinal caecum, location of nerve ring and excretory pore, on the papillae on the lips arrangement, type of the striations on the cuticle, vulva position, arrangement of caudal papillae and size of the spicules. The new species is designated as Thynnascaris shyamasundarii.     

Three new species of Carnoya Gilson, 1898 (Nematoda: Rhigonematidae) from Papua New Guinea

Summary Three new species of Carnoya Gilson, 1898 are described and illustrated from two species of rhinocricid millipedes from Papua New Guinea. C. fimbriata n.sp., C. perbella n.sp. and C. strobilina n.sp. are easily distinguished from the other described species of Carnoya by the exceptionally long tail. They are distinguished from one another by differences in spine configuration, head shape, vulval position and lateral ala shape in the females and by the presence or absence of a spine collar, the lateral ala shape and the copulatory papillae arrangement in the males. Scanning electron micrographs of the females of all three species are provided. ac]19840913     

EPIDERMAL FEATURES AND SILICA DEPOSITION IN LEMMAS AND AWNS OF ZIZANIA (GRAMINEAE)

In four species of Zizania (Gramineae: Oryzeae) epidermal features of pistillate and staminate lemmas, paleas, and awns were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Features observed were silica bodies, siliceous papillae, pitted siliceous papillae, stomata, microhairs, and prickle hairs. Staminate lemmas have all of these features. Pistillate lemmas have silica bodies and prickle hairs, lack stomata, and differ among species in occurrences of microhairs and siliceous papillae and pitted siliceous papillae. Awns of pistillate lemmas have silica bodies, prickle hairs, microhairs, and stomata; therefore, they possess a more complete set of features than their attached lemmas. Shapes of silica bodies on pistillate lemmas differ among species. A taxonomic key based on SEM observation of pistillate lemmas separates the four species by the shapes of silica bodies, arrangement of prickle hairs, and occurrences of microhairs and siliceous papillae. The main silica-containing structures are silica bodies, siliceous papillae, pitted siliceous papillae, and to a lesser extent prickle hairs. Pitted siliceous papillae with circular raised rims are formed by collapse or exfoliation of the tops of siliceous papillae; these have not been previously described in grasses. Comparison of epidermal features in the lemmas and leaves of Zizania shows that the former lack three kinds of nonsilicified papillae and epicuticular wax that are present on the latter but the lemmas have siliceous papillae and pits that are absent in leaves.     

Hysterothylacium pseudotumbili n.sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the marine fishes of Visakhapatnam, Bay of Bengal.

Hysterothylacium pseudotumbili n.sp. from the stomach and body cavity of marine fishes. Chrorinemus tol Couvier. Saurida undosquamis (Richardson), Lutianus russelli (Bleeker), Rastrilliger kanagurta (Cuvier) and Saurida pseudotumbili Dutt and Vidyasagar collected from Visakhapatnam (Bay of Bengal) is described and figured. A detailed examination has allowed us to erect a new species of Hysterothylacium to accommodate the worm. It shows remarkable differences from other known species of Hysterothylacium in respect of body measurements, the papillae on the lips arrangement, location of nerve ring and excretory pore, long intestinal caecum, position of vulva, number and arrangement of caudal papillae and size of the spicules. The new species is designated as Hysterothylacium pseudotumbili. Saurida pseudotumbili is the new host record. This is the first report of the genus in this host. Visakhapatnam coast is the new locality record.     

New species of Raillietnema (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Carlia mysi (Squamata: Scincidae) from Papua New Guinea

Raillietnema nanus n. sp. from the intestines of the skink Carlia mysi (Scincidae) from Morobe Province, Paupa New Guinea, is described and illustrated. It is the 23rd species assigned to the genus and first species of Raillietnema to be reported from the Australian biogeographical realm. It is the ninth species with a lizard type host and is distinguished from other species by its short body length, small egg size, and number of caudal papillae in the male. An initial parasite list of R. nanus and the nematode Physalopteroides milnensis is established for C. mysi.     

A new species of the genus Goezia Zeder, 1800 (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the fish,Mastacembelus armatus (Lacep.) from West Bengal,India

Goezia moraveci n. sp. is described from light microscope and scanning electron microscope studies of the specimens recovered from the freshwater fish Mastacembelus armatus from West Bengal, India. G. moraveci differs from other species of the genus in having a small body size, the excretory pore posterior to the level of the nerve-ring, a very short, wide intestinal caecum and a long ventricular appendage (ratio 1: 6–15), a different number and arrangement of caudal papillae, and cuticular spines surrounding the bases of the caudal papillae. This represents the first species of the genus from a piscine host in India.     

Two new rhabditida species (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) parasites of Cyclocephala signaticollis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Argentina

Two different Rhabditida species (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) Parasitorhabditis platidontus n. sp. and Cruznema campestris n. sp. are described and illustrated from the larvae of Cyclocephala signaticollis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Parasitorhabditis platidontus n. sp. is characterized by having 4 odontoplates in the stoma and the vulva is at 80% of the length of the body. Cruznema campestris n. sp. can be distinguished by the presence of 4 odontoplates and the arrangement of the male genital papillae, 9 pairs, of which 4 are preanal and 5 postanal.     

A new species of Hysterothylacium (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasite of Ariopsis guatemalensis (Osteichthyes: Ariidae) from Tres Palos lagoon, Mexico

Hysterothylacium perezi n. sp. is described from the intestine of the "cuatete" Ariopsis guatemalensis Günther, 1864 (Osteichthyes: Ariidae), in Tres Palos, a coastal lagoon located in the Mexican Pacific basin. The new species differs from all other species of Hysterothylacium Ward and Magath, 1917, in possessing a spinous postcloacal pad. In addition, H. perezi is readily distinguished from the 21 species described in fishes from America and Hawaii by having the greatest number of caudal papillae (47 to 51 pairs + 1 single, precloacal papillae). This species is the third described from hosts inhabiting estuarine environments in America and the fourth reported in Mexico.     

Description of Gordionus porosus n. sP. and redescription of Gordionus ondulatus (Nematomorpha, parachordodinae) with scanning electron microscopy

Two hairworms from Argentina, Gordionus porosus n. sp. and Gordionus ondulatus (Nematomorpha, Gordioidea), are described and illustrated. The cuticle of both species shows only 1 areolar type. Areoles of G. porosus are polygonal and surrounded by minute bristles and the interareolar groove is wide and with large pores. Gordionus ondulatus is characterized by rectangular or irregular areoles from which margins cuticular elongations project as finger-like structures, giving an undulated appearance. Comparing these species to the remaining American species of Gordionus, G. porosus is close to Gordionus violaceus by virtue of the large number of small bristles surrounding the areoles and can be distinguished by the shape of these bristles and by the arrangement and shape of the areoles. Gordionus ondulatus differs from the other species of the genus by its undulating margins. Giordinus lineatus and Giordinus violaceus have been reported in North America, Giordinus platycephalus in North and Central America, Giordinus capitosulcatus in Central America, and Giordinus prismaticus, G. ondulatus, and G. porosus only in South America.     

New species of Aplectana (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Sphenomorphus pratti from Papua New Guinea

Aplectana novaeguineae n. sp. (Ascaridida, Cosmocercidae) from the intestines of Sphenomorphus pratti (Squamata: Scincidae) is described and illustrated. Aplectana novaeguineae n. sp. represents the 48th species assigned to the genus and the 5th species of the genus reported from the Australo-Papuan region. It is most similar to Aplectana leesi, Aplectana linstowi , and Aplectana krausi in that females of only these 4 species exhibit a swollen anterior vulvar lip. These 4 species may be separated by spicule length and caudal papillae arrangement. Spicules of A. linstowi and A. krausi are less than 200 μm in length, A. leesi between 200 and 250 μm, and A novaeguineae greater than 400 μm. Aplectana linstowi possesses 18 post cloacal papillae, A. leesi and A. krausi each possess 10, and A. novaeguineae possesses 8. In addition, Paraleptonema ranae has been assigned to Aplectana as Aplectana fujianae nom. nov.     

A revision of the Mediterranean gobiid genus Chromogobius (Teleostei-Perciformes)

The Mediterranean gobiid genus Chromogobius (Teleostei-Perciformes) is redefined with additional information on lateral-line system and skeleton. The value of meristic features, colouration, squamation, and relative number of cephalic lateral-line papillae is shown for species and subspecies definition. Two species are recognized and described, the mediolittoral Ch. quadrivittatus (Steindachner, 1863) (type species) and the more offshore Ch. zebratus (Kolombatovic, 1891), with the latter being divided into the two subspecies Ch. z. zebratus (from Split, Adriatic Sea) and Ch. z. levanticus subsp. n . (Mediterranean coast of Israel; possibly Tyrrhenian Sea). Osteological confirmation for placing Chromogobius in the Gobiidae is provided, and Chromogobius shown to have affinity with certain South African species (Gobius nudiceps, G. caffer, G. natalensis, G. agulhensis, and Acentrogobius multi-fasciatus), as well as occupying an intermediate position between the Mediterranean Zebrus zebrus and Didogobius bentuvii.     

Macroanatomic,light microscopic,and scanning electron microscopic studies of the tongue in the seagull (Larus fuscus) and common buzzard (Buteo buteo)

The tongues of ten seagulls and six common buzzards were examined. In both species, papillae linguales caudales were shaped like a letter “V” between the corpus linguae and the radix linguae. From these papillae, the length of the laterally placed papillae was greater compared with others in both species. Two or three secondary papillae were detected on these papillae in the seagull. In scanning electron microscope (SEM) examinations, in the seagull, the apex linguae was composed of multilayered desquamated cells, while in the buzzard, scalelike simple projections on the surface of desquamated cells were observed. In the buzzard, glandula (gll). linguales, and gll. mandibulares caudales were seen, while in the seagull, gll. cricoarytenoideae and gll. mandibulares caudales were present. In the seagull, apex linguae were bifurcated, and there were desquamating multilayered cells, particularly at the apex linguae. The number and location of salivary gland orifices are specific to this species. The common buzzard had similarities to many characteristics of the long‐legged buzzard. An absence of long and curly threadlike projections at the two lateral sides of the corpus linguae and an excessive number of salivary gland orifices at the corpus linguae were the main differences from the long‐legged buzzard.     

Hedruris hanleyae n. sp. (Nematoda: Hedruridae) from Hemidactylus garnotii (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from the Cook Islands, Oceania

Hedruris hanleyae n. sp. (Nematoda: Hedruridae) from the stomach of Hemidactylus garnotii collected in 1989 on Atiu, Cook Islands is described and illustrated. Hedruris hanleyae n. sp. represents the 21st species to be assigned to the genus and is distinguished from other oriental species by the distribution pattern of caudal papillae of the male: 10 pairs posterior subventral papillae; 2 pairs precloacal and 8 pairs postcloacal.     

Fine structure and distribution of epidermal projections associated with taste buds on the oral papillae in some loricariid catfishes (Siluroidei: Loricariidae)

Two morphologically distinct structures occur on the surfaces of the oral papillae in several loricariid catfish species; namely, (1) typical vertebrate taste buds composed of receptor and sustentacular cells and (2) brushlike projections, termed epidermal brushes, that represent specialized epidermal cells containing keratin. Both of these structures were studied with the combined use of light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The general body surface, fins, and rostral cutaneous processes of some loricariid catfishes are covered with taste or terminal buds but lack the epidermal brushes. It is suggested that the epidermal brushes found on the oral papillae serve as protective devices for the taste buds and as abrasive surfaces for substrate scraping during feeding. The taste buds on the oral papillae may detect any gustatory stimuli from the resulting substrate disturbance. Comparative studies reveal many differences in the number and spatial arrangement of these two structures on the oral papillae among the several species of the Loricariidae examined. These differences may represent functional adaptations to the various modes of life in the Loricariidae.     

A new species of the genus Cameronia Basir (Oxyurida: Thelastomatidae) parasite of Gryllodes laptatae Sauss (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in Argentina

Cameronia laplatae n. sp. found in City Bell, Argentina, parasitizing crickets is described and illustrated. The new species is distinguished from other members of the genus Cameronia by the distribution pattern of the genital papillae in the male. It differs from all congeners mainly in having two pairs preanal y two pairs postanal papillae.     

Tetrameres (Gynaecophila) aspicula n. sp. (Nematoda: Tetrameridae), a proventricular parasite of the white-faced ibis Plegadis chihi in Argentina

Tetrameres (Gynaecophila) aspicula n. sp. is described from the proventriculus of the white-faced ibis Plegadis chihi (Vieillot) (Ciconiiformes, Threskiornithidae) from Argentina. The new species is characterised by the absence of spicules, by possessing two ventral rows of extremely small spines in males, extending along the second half of body length, and by the tiny, very feebly developed postcloacal papillae. T. (G.) aspicula n. sp. is compared to the remainder of the species in the subgenus as well as to other species of Tetrameres which lack or possess feebly developed spines. The absence of spicules is a character shared with two other species in the genus, T. (G.) gynaecophila and T. (G.) deccani,from which the new species differs in body size, the arrangement of caudal papillae and the somatic spination in males. A pair of somatic papillae, previously unreported in species of this genus, was found just on or ventral to the lateral line at various regions of the body length. The homology of these structures to other paired somatic papillae described in nematodes is discussed.