Mangrove outwelling: a review

The export of detritus and faunal biomass from mangroves has long been considered as an important support for offshore biological production and has been widely used as an argument for mangrove conservation. This functional role of the mangroves, like many other paradigms in mangrove ecology, has seldom been put to rigorous test since the hypothesis was postulated about 25 years ago. Past studies on which the hypothesis was based were mostly carried out in mangrove or other wetland environments, little is known about the fate and effects of outwelled detritus on oceanic, offshore, communities. Mass balance studies carried out in the last 15 years tend to suggest that export is common from tidal mangroves, the direction of flow depends, however, on the identity of the chemical species in question. Pore water and groundwater flow can affect tidal material exchange but are poorly studied. Generally, tracer methods using stable isotope ratios or other signatures have suggested that outwelling may be much less significant than expected. Further, most past studies have focussed on particulate matter while it is increasingly apparent that dissolved organics may play a more important role in matter exchange between offshore and mangrove communities. There is also evidence that benthic biomass and richness may not bear any positive or significant relationship with detritus availability.     

Carbon flows in the Westerschelde estuary (The Netherlands) evaluated by means of an ecosystem model (MOSES)

The autotrophic production and heterotrophic consumption of organic matter in the Westerschelde, a highly turbid and eutrophic estuary in the Southwest Netherlands is examined by means of a dynamic simulation model. The model describes the ecologically relevant processes in thirteen spatial compartments and adequately fits most observed data.Three autotrophic processes are included in the model. Net pelagic photosynthetic production is relatively low (average 41 gC m^–2 yr^–1) and three spatial compartments near the turbidity maximum zone are respiratory sinks of phytoplankton biomass. According to the model, net phytobenthic primary production is more important than pelagic primary production in the upstream half of the Westerschelde. On the scale of the entire estuary, benthic primary production amounts to about 60% of pelagic primary production. Water-column nitrification, which is very important in the nitrogen cycle, is most pronounced near the turbidity zone where it accounts for the major autotrophic fixation of carbon (up to 27 g C m^–2 yr^–1). Viewed on the scale of the total estuary, however, the process is not very important.Less than 20% of total organic carbon input to the estuary is primary produced, the remainder is imported from waste discharges and from the river.The degree of heterotrophy of the Westerschelde estuary proved to be one of the highest yet reported. On average 380 g carbon per square metre is net lost per year (range 200–1200 gC m^–2 yr^–1). The yearly community respiration (bacterial mineralization, respiration of higher trophic levels and sedimentation) is 4 to 35 times (estuarine mean of 6) higher than the net production. This degree of heterotrophy is highest near the turbidity maximum and generally decreases from the freshwater to the seaward boundary. About 75% of all carbon losses can be ascribed to pelagic heterotrophic processes; the sediment is only locally important.Mineralisation rates are highest in the turbidity region, but as only a fraction of total carbon resides here, less than 20% of all organic carbon is lost in this part of the estuary. This result is in contradiction with a previous budget of the estuary, based on data of the early seventies, where more than 80% of all carbon was estimated to be lost in the turbidity zone. Part of this discrepancy is probably caused by changes that have occurred in the estuary since that time.Due to the high heterotrophic activity, nearly all imported and in situ produced carbon is lost in the estuary itself and the Westerschelde is an insignificant source of organic matter to the coastal zone.The model estuary acts as a trap for reactive organic matter, both from the land, from the sea or in situ produced. Internal cycling, mainly in the water column, results in the removal of most of the carbon while the more refractory part is exported to the sea.     

Long‐term organic carbon sequestration in tidal marsh sediments is dominated by old‐aged allochthonous inputs in a macrotidal estuary

Tidal marshes are vegetated coastal ecosystems that are often considered as hotspots of atmospheric CO₂ sequestration. Although large amounts of organic carbon (OC) are indeed being deposited on tidal marshes, there is no direct link between high OC deposition rates and high OC sequestration rates due to two main reasons. First, the deposited OC may become rapidly decomposed once it is buried and, second, a significant part of preserved OC may be allochthonous OC that has been sequestered elsewhere. In this study we aimed to identify the mechanisms controlling long‐term OC sequestration in tidal marsh sediments along an estuarine salinity gradient (Scheldt estuary, Belgium and the Netherlands). Analyses of deposited sediments have shown that OC deposited during tidal inundations is up to millennia old. This allochthonous OC is the main component of OC that is effectively preserved in these sediments, as indicated by the low radiocarbon content of buried OC. Furthermore, OC fractionation showed that autochthonous OC is decomposed on a decadal timescale in saltmarsh sediments, while in freshwater marsh sediments locally produced biomass is more efficiently preserved after burial. Our results show that long‐term OC sequestration is decoupled from local biomass production in the studied tidal marsh sediments. This implies that OC sequestration rates are greatly overestimated when they are calculated based on short‐term OC deposition rates, which are controlled by labile autochthonous OC inputs. Moreover, as allochthonous OC is not sequestered in‐situ, it does not contribute to active atmospheric CO₂ sequestration in these ecosystems. A correct assessment of the contribution of allochthonous OC to the total sedimentary OC stock in tidal marsh sediments as well as a correct understanding of the long‐term fate of locally produced OC are both necessary to avoid overestimations of the rate of in‐situ atmospheric CO₂ sequestration in tidal marsh sediments.     

Suspended particulate matter dynamics in the shallow mesotidal urdaibai estuary (Bay of Biscay,Spain)

Seston quantity and quality was measured in the Urdaibai Estuary in summer, when river discharge is low and tidal flushing is the main driving force to transport and resuspend particulate matter in the estuary. The highest seston concentrations are found in the upper estuary, where more than 90% of total suspended particulate matter is made up of particles <20 μm. There is a temporal ebb-flood asymmetry and turbulent mixing is stronger at flood tide. During dry calm periods sediment resuspension is observed for a short period of time at floods during spring tides, decreasing drastically before slack waters. In spite of this, particulate organic matter mainly originates from anthropogenic sources (domestic wastewater discharge) and plankton production.     

Induction of annual cyclical changes in the ichthyofauna of a large microtidal estuary following an artificial and permanent increase in tidal flow

The opening of a deep artificial and second entrance channel into the large Peel‐Harvey Estuary in south‐western Australia in 1994 provided a unique opportunity to determine the characteristics of the ichthyofauna of a microtidal estuary, in which tidal water movement and the rate of recovery of salinities in spring have both increased markedly. Fishes in the original entrance channel and both halves of the two large basins (Peel Inlet and Harvey Estuary), which constitute most of the total area of the estuary, were sampled using a 21·5 m long seine with a fine (3 mm) mesh bunt. The 72 337 fishes that were caught throughout the estuary and represented 43 species, comprised mainly marine species, both in terms of number of species (65·1%) and number of individuals (70·6%). The number of species and density of fishes in each region, and particularly in the basins, showed a pronounced tendency to decline from a maxima in summer to a minima in winter and then to rise in spring. Although the species composition of the fish fauna in the natural entrance channel differed significantly from that in each of the four basin regions, those within the basins were significantly different only in the cases of the southern Harvey Estuary versus both regions of the Peel Inlet. Species composition in the natural entrance channel and four basin regions each underwent conspicuous cyclical changes during the year, which reflected out‐of‐phase changes in the densities of certain species. Although this cyclical pattern was due mainly to changes in the densities of marine species, it was augmented by those of estuarine residents. The cyclicity, which was not evident prior to the opening of the artificial Dawesville Channel, and thus when tidal water movement within the estuary was far less pronounced, parallels the situation recorded for macrotidal northern hemisphere estuaries.     

Changes in habitat availability for outmigrating juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) following estuary restoration

The restoration of the Nisqually River Delta (Washington, U.S.A.) represents one of the largest efforts toward reestablishing the ecosystem function and resilience of modified habitat in the Puget Sound, particularly for anadromous salmonid species. The opportunity for outmigrating salmon to access and benefit from the expansion of available tidal habitat can be quantified by several physical attributes, which are related to the ecological and physiological responses of juvenile salmon. We monitored a variety of physical parameters to measure changes in opportunity potential from historic, pre‐restoration, and post‐restoration habitat conditions at several sites across the delta. These parameters included channel morphology, water quality, tidal elevation, and landscape connectivity. We conducted fish catch surveys across the delta to determine if salmon was utilizing restored estuary habitat. Overall major channel area increased 42% and major channel length increased 131% from pre‐ to post‐restoration conditions. Furthermore, the results of our tidal inundation model indicated that major channels were accessible up to 75% of the time, as opposed to 30% pre‐restoration. Outmigrating salmon utilized this newly accessible habitat as quickly as 1 year post‐restoration. The presence of salmon in restored tidal channels confirmed rapid post‐restoration increases in opportunity potential on the delta despite habitat quality differences between restored and reference sites.     

Foraminiferal response to Holocene environmental changes of a tidal estuary in Victoria, southeastern Australia

The Holocene strata in the Anderson Inlet area in Victoria can be stratigraphically divided into four units, Unit I, Unit II, Unit III, and Unit IV. Unit I and Unit IV lack fossils and were deposited in non-marine, probably fluvial environments. Unit II and Unit III contain abundant foraminifera with molluscs, ostracods and bryozoans. Foraminiferal analysis suggests that Unit III was formed in a partially sheltered marine environment, while the high plankton content and relatively high diversity of benthic species in Unit II indicate that this unit was deposited in an open bay at water depths possibly less than 5 m. The foraminiferal data are integrated with radiocarbon dates to arrive at the following Holocene palaeoenvironmental history in this area: (1) low alluvial plain stage (10,000–7000 yr B.P.); (2) open bay environment stage (7000–5500 yr B.P.); (3) partially sheltered marine environment stage (5500–4500 yr B.P.); (4) alluvial plain and coastal lagoon environment stage (since about 4500 yr B.P.). The foraminiferal fauna show a clear response to these palaeoenvironmental changes. Globigerina bulloides can be used as an indicator for cold water marine environments. The high concentration of this species in these middle Holocene sediments shows a strong cold water influence on the coastal environments which reduced the effect of regional warm currents during this period. The Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes in the area were controlled by the Holocene sea-level fluctuations associated with the deglaciation history during this period. Similar integrated studies of shallow to marginal marine strata in southern Africa, America and New Zealand will lead to a better understanding of Holocene relative sea-level change and the interplay between Holocene cold and warm water regimes in the Southern Hemisphere.     

Carbon flux and diversity of nematodes and termites in Cameroon forest soils

Theoretically, there are three principal ways in which ecosystem processes might respond to reductions in species richness. These theories are reviewed, and then considered in the context of a study of the diversity of soil nematodes and termites in near-primary forest sites at Mbalmayo, Cameroon, and the contribution made by these two taxa to carbon fluxes (CO₂ and CH₄) from the forest floor. Nematode abundances average 2.04 × 10⁶ m^-2, and termites between 2933 and 6957 m^-2. The site is the most species-rich yet investigated for both groups anywhere in the world, so that a very large number of species contribute to carbon fluxes. We speculate about how much redundancy might be built into the functioning of both assemblages, and point out the enormous difficulties of resolving such questions, and of producing such detailed species-inventories.     

山东省暖性草丛生态系统碳库现状和碳通量季节变化特征

了解山东省草地生态系统碳库现状和碳通量变化规律对于全国尺度草地生态系统碳源/汇核算有着重要的意义。该研究采用野外面上调查取样和固定加强点静态箱法(LI-840红外分析仪联用)相结合的方法, 分析了山东省暖性草丛生态系统的固碳现状、碳通量季节动态以及净生态系统CO₂交换(NEE)对各种环境因子的响应。研究结果表明: 山东暖性草丛生态系统平均碳密度为2.74 Mg C·hm ^-2, 碳密度的构成排序为土壤碳密度(89%) >生物量碳密度(9%) >凋落物碳密度(2%), 山东暖性草丛碳库总储量约为15.88 Tg C; 结缕草(Zoysia japonica)暖性草丛生态系统NEE的季节动态总体表现为夏季低, 冬季高, 非生长季节(11月至次年4月)向外界净排放CO₂, 表现为碳源效应; 生长季节(4-9月)则为净吸收CO₂ , 表现为碳汇效应, 峰值月份的平均固碳速率在-2.58- -4.46 μmol CO₂·m ^-2·s ^-1之间; 2012和2013年泰山小流域暖性草丛NEE年平均值分别为-0.43 μmol CO₂·m ^-2·s ^-1和-0.31 μmol CO₂·m ^-2·s ^-1, 都表现为碳汇效应; 光合有效辐射(PAR)、大气温度(T_a)、饱和水汽压差(VPD)和土壤10 cm深度温度(T_s)和含水量(W)是结缕草暖性草丛生态系统NEE动态的主要影响因素, 但不同月份NEE动态的影响因素各异, 且因子间存在着互作效应, 主成分分析表明, NEE的季节动态主要受温度、水分和光强等因子控制。     

Changes in basin geomorphology after implementation of the Oosterschelde estuary project

The completion in 1986/87 of an open storm-surge barrier in the inlet and of secondary dams in the landward parts of the Oosterschelde tidal basin (SW Netherlands) has had and will continue to have a significant impact on geomorphological developments. An analysis of historic data, and of recent detailed bathymetric and morphodynamic process data, indicates that former trends have reversed. At present the Oosterschelde is a sedimentation basin with a degrading intertidal area and silting up of channels. The continuing reduction in intertidal area, the decreasing geomorphological gradients, the increasing fine sediment content of channel deposits, combined with a general reduction in hydrodynamics, imply significant ecological effects.     

丰水期长江感潮河口段网采浮游植物的分布与长期变化

于2009年6、8月对长江口门至江阴的河口段浮游植物进行了拖网采集,共检出浮游植物6门99属239种。其中:硅藻123种,甲藻19种,绿藻和蓝藻各42种,裸藻9种,黄藻4种。河口段网采浮游植物丰度以蓝藻占绝对优势,硅藻次之,两者合计在群落中的比例超过了95%。优势种也主要以蓝藻(水华鱼腥藻Anabaena flos-aquae、柔软腔球藻Coelosphaerium kuetzingiarum、微囊藻Microcystis spp.、颤藻Oscillatoria spp.和席藻Phorimidium spp.)构成,硅藻仅有2种(骨条藻Skeletonema spp.和颗粒直链藻Aulacoseira granulata)。口门内盐度均<0.5,群落基本以淡水类群为主,口门附近则以半咸水类群为主,海水类群主要位于口门外(盐度>13)。随着水温和营养盐水平的升高,8月浮游植物平均丰度(347.75×10⁴ 个/m³)明显高于6月(204.19×10⁴ 个/m³)。根据多维尺度和相似性分析,丰水期长江河口段浮游植物群落组成与分布存在显著(P<0.01)的时空差异。对比20世纪80年代以来的历史资料发现,长江口门内网采浮游植物丰度显著升高,且优势种也从硅藻(骨条藻、直链藻和圆筛藻)转变为蓝藻(颤藻、鱼腥藻和微囊藻)。     

Dynamics and trophic roles of heterotrophic protists in the plankton of a freshwater tidal estuary

Freshwater tidal estuaries comprise the most upstream reaches of estuaries and are often characterised by the presence of dense bacterial and algal populations which provide a large food source for bacterivorous and algivorous protists. In 1996, the protistan community in the freshwater tidal reaches of the Schelde estuary was monitored to evaluate whether these high food levels are reflected in a similarly high heterotrophic protistan biomass. Protistan distribution patterns were compared to those of metazoan zooplankton to evaluate the possible role of top-down regulation of protists by metazoans. Apart from the algivorous sarcodine Asterocaelum, which reached high densities in summer, heterotrophic protistan biomass was dominated by ciliates and, second in importance, heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNAN). HNAN abundance was low (annual average 2490 cells ml^–1) and did not display large seasonal variation. It is hypothesised that HNAN were top-down controlled by oligotrich ciliates throughout the year and by rotifers in summer. Ciliate abundance was generally relatively high (annual average 65 cells ml^–1) and peaked in winter (maximum 450 cells ml^–1). The decline of ciliate populations in summer was ascribed to grazing by rotifers, which developed dense populations in that season. In winter, ciliate populations were probably regulated `internally' by carnivorous ciliates (haptorids and Suctoria). Our observations suggest that, in this type of productive ecosystems, the microbial food web is mainly top-down controlled rather than regulated by food availability.     

Carbon stock and seasonal dynamics of carbon flux in warm-temperature tussock ecosystem in Shandong Province,China

了解山东省草地生态系统碳库现状和碳通量变化规律对于全国尺度草地生态系统碳源/汇核算有着重要的意义。该研究采用野外面上调查取样和固定加强点静态箱法(LI-840红外分析仪联用)相结合的方法, 分析了山东省暖性草丛生态系统的固碳现状、碳通量季节动态以及净生态系统CO₂交换(NEE)对各种环境因子的响应。研究结果表明: 山东暖性草丛生态系统平均碳密度为2.74 Mg C·hm ^-2, 碳密度的构成排序为土壤碳密度(89%) >生物量碳密度(9%) >凋落物碳密度(2%), 山东暖性草丛碳库总储量约为15.88 Tg C; 结缕草(Zoysia japonica)暖性草丛生态系统NEE的季节动态总体表现为夏季低, 冬季高, 非生长季节(11月至次年4月)向外界净排放CO₂, 表现为碳源效应; 生长季节(4-9月)则为净吸收CO₂ , 表现为碳汇效应, 峰值月份的平均固碳速率在-2.58- -4.46 μmol CO₂·m ^-2·s ^-1之间; 2012和2013年泰山小流域暖性草丛NEE年平均值分别为-0.43 μmol CO₂·m ^-2·s ^-1和-0.31 μmol CO₂·m ^-2·s ^-1, 都表现为碳汇效应; 光合有效辐射(PAR)、大气温度(T_a)、饱和水汽压差(VPD)和土壤10 cm深度温度(T_s)和含水量(W)是结缕草暖性草丛生态系统NEE动态的主要影响因素, 但不同月份NEE动态的影响因素各异, 且因子间存在着互作效应, 主成分分析表明, NEE的季节动态主要受温度、水分和光强等因子控制。     

Dynamics of biogenic Si in freshwater tidal marshes: Si regeneration and retention in marsh sediments (Scheldt estuary)

The sequestration and recycling of biogenic silica (BSi) in freshwater tidal marshes was modelled through the combination of short-term year round sediment trap data with a long-term sedimentation model, MARSED. The modelling was implemented through the complete evolution from a young rapidly rising marsh to a marsh with an elevation close to mean high water. BSi in imported suspended matter was higher in summer (10.9 mg BSi g⁻¹ sediment) than winter (7.6 mg BSi g⁻¹ sediment). However, the deposition of BSi on the marsh surface was higher in winter compared to summer, due to the higher sedimentation rates. Deposition of BSi was correlated to the suspended matter deposition. In the old marsh, yearly about 40 g BSi m⁻² was deposited, while in the young marsh deposition could rise up to 300 g m⁻². Young marshes retained up to 85% of the imported biogenic silica. Recycling efficiency (60%) increased drastically for older marshes. The study shows that marshes act as important sinks for BSi along estuaries. The recycling of the imported BSi to DSi in summer and spring is most likely an essential factor in the buffering role of tidal marshes for estuarine DSi concentrations.     

南北过渡带常绿落叶阔叶混交林碳通量特征及其对环境因子的响应

森林生态系统强大的碳源/汇功能是实现"碳中和"和"碳达峰"战略目标最经济、有效的自然气候解决方案和固碳增汇手段。准确评估森林生态系统的碳汇能力,对于明确森林碳储量有重要意义。为明确亚热带-暖温带气候过渡带的常绿落叶阔叶混交林的碳通量特征及其驱动因素,2011-2020年利用涡度相关法开展了大别山常绿落叶阔叶混交林碳通量和环境要素的观测试验。结果表明:大别山常绿落叶阔叶混交林净生态系统CO₂交换量、生态系统呼吸(Reco)、总初级生态生产力分别为-788.13 gC m^-2 a^-1、1074.14 gC m^-2 a^-1、1862.27 gC m^-2 a^-1,该森林生态系统整体表现为碳汇,其固碳能力与相近纬度的常绿落叶阔叶混交林基本持平,并高于针阔叶混交林、毛竹林等其他类型的森林生态系统。10年间,大别山常绿落叶阔叶混交林的固碳能力有所增强。影响大别山常绿落叶阔叶混交林碳通量的主要环境因子为温度与太阳辐射,气温(Ta)、净辐射(Rn)、光合有效辐射和总辐射与生态系统碳生产力和GPP呈显著正相关(P＜0.001),Reco与Ta和Rn呈显著正相关(P＜0.001)。研究结果为气候变化响应敏感的南北气候过渡带森林生态系统的碳储量估算、碳循环过程模拟提供观测数据支持和科学依据。     

双层面调控S. cerevisiae碳流促进L-乳酸积累

摘要：【目的】调控Sacchromyces cerevisiae丙酮酸节点碳流分布促进L-乳酸积累。【方法】利用同源重组方法,将来源于Bovine的乳酸脱氢酶基因LDH整合到S. cerevisiae CEN.PK2-1C基因组中,同时敲除丙酮酸脱羧酶基因PDC1,将碳流导向L-乳酸的积累,构建了基因工程菌S. cerevisiae CEN.PK2-1C[LDH]。在此基础上,通过分析丙酮酸节点处关键酶对NADH的Km值不同,而将来源于Streptococcus pneumoniae 的NADH氧化酶(n     

Evaluating ecosystem-level anthropogenic impacts in a stressed transitional environment: The case of the Seine estuary

During 2002–2005, a new container terminal in the commercial harbour of Le Havre, named “Port2000”, was built on the northern flank of the Seine estuary, northern France. This extension is already known to have modified the estuary current and sediment dynamics, as well as reducing biomass of the suprabenthos assemblage, for the whole downstream part of the system. However, studies on other biotic communities were largely inconclusive, and an ecosystem-wide analysis was still lacking. Here, we performed a before/after study of ecosystem dynamics of the different habitats of the Seine estuary, using a Linear Inverse Modelling technique (LIM-MCMC) to estimate all flows occurring in the food web. Ecological Network Analysis indices were calculated, summarising ecosystem functioning traits and giving indications about the habitat health status. Results showed that the southern flank (FS, Fosse Sud) exhibits all characteristics to be considered as the least stressed habitat of the estuary: system activity and functional specialisation of flows were stable between periods, ecosystem recycling processes and detrital dynamics were also stable; an increase in trophic specialisation (decrease in system omnivory) was the only change confirming a general ecological succession. The northern flank (FN, Fosse Nord), where the actual terminal was built, showed a food web with increased importance of lower trophic levels (increased detritivory and carbon recycling), increased stability and flow efficiency, but possibly regressed to a previous step in ecological succession. In the central navigation channel (CH), patterns of network indices were overall inconclusive and the general image is one of a constantly shifting food web, a condition possibly caused by the year-round dredging activities. The functioning of the Seine estuary – especially of FN and FS – seems to have been modified by the combination of harbour construction and the related mitigation measures. Network indices partially captured this combination of changes and, although not fully operational yet, they are promising tools to comply with the European Union mandate of defining ecosystem health status.     

Carbon flux dynamics and its environmental controlling factors in a desert steppe

Net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) above a desert steppe in Inner Mongolia was measured with eddy covariance technique in growing season of 2008. Environmental factors were also observed during the same period. Our results show that the minimum of growing season daily cumulative NEE appeared on August 26 (?1.6 g Cm^?2), while the maximum appeared on June 11 (0.9 g Cm^?2). Monthly cumulative NEE distributed in the growing season unevenly. The minimum of monthly cumulative NEE appeared in June (0.74 g Cm^?2); the maximum appeared in September (?14.94 g Cm^?2). The sum of the growing season NEE was ?45.5 g Cm^?2. The most important environmental factor affecting the half-hour average NEE was photosynthetically active radiation. The most important environmental factor affecting the daily cumulative NEE was 20–30 cm soil water content.     

潮沟曲流摆动对潮滩沉积物碳输出的影响——以江苏中部潮滩为例

潮滩是全球固碳能力最高的生态系统之一,是缓解全球变暖的有效蓝色碳汇。针对潮滩碳汇功能,现有研究多关注生物作用下的碳输入过程,关于地貌演变,特别是潮沟曲流摆动引起的沉积物碳输出过程研究较少,因此无法准确评估潮滩碳汇功能的动态变化。研究结合野外观测、遥感反演与室内实验,探究了潮沟曲流摆动对潮滩沉积物碳输出过程的影响,从曲流摆动速率与有机碳空间分布特征两方面开展分析。研究结果表明:潮沟曲流摆动速率的空间差异可达数个量级,由粉砂滩的10^-3 m/s锐减至互花米草盐沼滩的10^-6 m/s;粉砂淤泥滩潮沟摆动速率存在显著的季节性差异,冬季摆动速率约为夏季的两倍;潮滩土壤有机碳含量呈海向递减趋势:互花米草盐沼滩(4.62 g/kg)＞ 粉砂淤泥滩(2.61 g/kg)＞ 粉砂滩(1.51 g/kg);综合考虑曲流摆动速率与土壤有机碳含量,发现粉砂滩沉积物碳输出速率显著高于互花米草盐沼滩,可达49.4 g C m^-2 a^-1,与该区域的碳埋藏速率相当。研究证实了潮沟曲流摆动对潮滩沉积物碳输出过程的重要性,为提升潮滩碳汇功能预测水平提供了重要的理论依据与数据支撑。