急性缺氧暴露不同时间家兔血浆心钠素、抗利尿激素、醛固酮的变化

本实验观察了８０只家兔在急性缺氧６、１２、２４、３６、４８、６０、７１ｈ后肺指数、血浆心钠素（ＡＮＰ）、抗利尿激素（ＡＶＰ）、醛固酮（ＡＬＤ）及尿量的变化。结果表明：在缺氧２４－７２ｈ,肺指数明显升高,尿量减少;缺氧１６ｈ,血浆ＡＮＰ明显升高;而缺氧４８和６０ｈ无ＡＮＰ升高现象。缺氧７２ｈ,血浆ＡＮＦ又明显高于缺氧前水平;血浆ＡＶＰ只在缺氧２４ｈ明显升高;血浆ＡＬＤ未见显著性变化。这些结果提示：在缺氧状态下,ＡＮＰ、ＡＶＰ的释放均与缺氧暴露的时间有关。这些激素的平衡失调可能与急性缺氧性肺水肿的发生有关。     

急性缺氧暴露不同时间家兔血浆心钠素,抗利尿激素,醛固…

本实验观察了８０只家兔在急性缺氧６、１２、２４、４８;６０、７１ｈ后肺指数、血浆心钠素（ＡＮＰ）、抗利尿激素（ＡＶＰ）、醛固酮（ＡＬＤ）及尿量的变化。结果表明：在缺氧２４－７２ｈ,肺指数明显升高,尿量减少、缺氧１６ｈ,血浆ＡＮＰ明显升高;而缺氧４８和６０ｈ无ＡＮＰ升高现象。缺氧７２ｈ,血浆ＡＮＦ又明显高于缺氧前水平;血浆ＡＣＰ只在缺氧２４ｈ明显升高;血浆ＡＬＤ未见显著性变化。这些结果提示：在缺氧状     

急性缺氧和急性低糖对脑片tau蛋白磷酸化的影响

为探讨急性缺氧对tau蛋白磷酸化的影响,将Wistar大鼠脑片进行不同时间的缺氧培养后,对tau蛋白的磷酸化状态及相关磷酸酯酶的活性和表达进行检测.结果显示,急性缺氧使tau蛋白多个丝氨酸位点磷酸化水平下降,蛋白磷酸酯酶～2A(PP-2A)的活性升高,其催化亚单位表达上调,而蛋白磷酸酯酶-1(PP-1)的活性及催化亚单位表达均无明显改变.该研究结果表明:急性缺氧可能通过蛋白磷酸酯酶-2A的上调而使tau蛋白多个丝氨酸位点发生去磷酸化作用.     

老年患者腹腔镜手术时应用丙泊酚对血浆内皮素、降钙素基因相关肽的影响

目的:在腹腔镜手术中应用丙泊酚对老年患者血浆内皮素(ET)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)含量的影响.方法:50例腹腔镜手术病人,年龄58-69岁,ASAI-Ⅱ级,随机分P组和C组两组,每组25例.P组为丙泊酚组、C组为对照组,分别于麻醉前、麻醉后、气腹后10min、20min和30min,抽取静脉血测定ET和CGRP值.结果:麻醉前后两组患者ET和CGRP水平无显著性差异(P＞0.05).气腹后10min P组ET水平开始下降,30min时显著低于C组和气腹前,而C组气腹后ET水平显著增高(P＜0.05).P组CGRP水平30min时较气腹前显著增高(P＜0.05),而C组CGRP水平气腹后20min开始下降,30min时显著低于P组(P＜0.05).结论:CO2气腹压可致机体ET水平升高,而丙泊酚能明显拮抗ET水平,提高CGRP水平,减轻老年患者在腹腔镜手术中的心血管应激反应.     

慢性缺氧的猪肺动脉内皮细胞在急性缺氧时PDGF-B链mRNA的表达

采用原位杂交技术结合图象分析检测常氧(PO2±21.3kPa)及慢性缺氧(P025.3±0.7kPa)培养的猪肺动脉内皮细胞PDGF-BmRNA的表达及其对急性缺氧刺激的反应.结果常氧及慢性缺氧培养的肺动脉内皮细胞(PAEC)在急性缺氧后PDGF-BmRNA表达均增加(P＜0.05),以第4、6代慢性缺氧组升高的幅度更大.结果表明慢性缺氧可增强PAEC在急性缺氧时PDGF-BmRNA的表达,可能促进肺血管改建和肺动脉高压的发展.     

缺氧小鼠脑中神经节苷脂和单胺类神经递质水平

脑缺氧和缺氧后的再灌注常导致一系列复杂的生理生化改变．通过小鼠重复缺氧后,观察其脑组织中的神经节苷脂和单胺类递质水平变化情况,发现重复缺氧时,随着缺氧次数的增加,a．神经节苷脂水平（以唾液酸含量表示）非常明显地持续下降(P<0.01),其中GM1与GD1b相对组分百分比值下降尤为突出(GM1:P<0.05,GD1b:P<0.01); b.单胺类神经递质中NE和DOPA水平下降,DA和HIAA水平升高(P<0.01)．结果提示脑组织经重复缺氧后,中枢神经组织细胞膜受到一定程度的损伤,其结果可能影响到单胺类神经递质的合成、释放、重摄取和贮存的全过程;据此推测脑组织缺氧时神经节苷脂与单胺类神经递质水平改变时存在着相互联系．     

缺氧习服对冻伤大鼠骨骼肌耗氧量的影响

目的与方法使用生物组织氧耗测量系统测定了常氧冻伤(FN)、急性缺氧冻伤(FAH)和缺氧习服缺氧冻伤(FHAC)大鼠后肢重度冻伤前后腓肠肌耗氧量的变化,以探讨缺氧习服加重冻伤组织损伤的机理.结果冻前,FHAC组腓肠肌耗氧量降低26.2%.冻后1d,FN、FAH和FHAC组腓肠肌耗氧量为5.93±0.66,4.74±1.87和0.76±0.39[kPa/(g*min)],分别较各自冻前水平降低76.3%,77.9%和95.9%,FHAC组明显低于其余两组;冻后5d三组的耗氧量分别恢复至各自冻前水平的62.8%、44.9%和28.8%,FHAC组仍明显低于其余两组,提示缺氧习服冻伤后骨骼肌代谢率降低更明显,恢复更缓慢.结论缺氧习服和冻伤均使腓肠肌耗氧量明显减少,二者的叠加使缺氧习服大鼠冻后腓肠肌耗氧量进一步降低,表明组织代谢的变化是影响冻伤组织损伤及修复的主要因素之一.     

低氧预适应增强大鼠海马神经元的耐缺氧能力

本研究对整体大鼠进行了模拟不同海拔高度（3000、5000m）的低氧预适应,然后观察了急性致死性缺氧对这些大鼠海马脑片诱发群锋电位的影响。结果显示,经低氧预适应的大鼠其海马脑片在给予急性缺氧后,CA1区缺氧损伤电位（hypoxic injury potential,HIP）出现时间以及突触前排放（presynaptic volley,PV）消失时间均明显延迟;其中5000m预适应组的延迟程度比3000m组明显。复氧后,PV的恢复率在3000m和5000m低氧预适应组均明显高于对照组。本研究结果提示,整体动物的低氧预适应可以增强离体海马脑片神经元的耐缺氧能力。     

氟烷对慢性缺氧兔心肌β肾上腺素能受体的影响

用放射配基结合法和高效液相色谱电化学法分别测定氟烷对慢性缺氧免心肌β肾上腺素能受体（简称β受体）和血浆儿茶酚胺的影响。结果表明：慢性缺氧后兔心肌β受体密度明显下降,受体亲和力无明显变化,血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素明显升高。缺氧吸入氟烷后兔心肌β受体密度进一步下降,亲和力增加,血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素无进一步变化。常氧吸入氟烷后心肌β受体密度无明显变化,亲和力升高,血浆肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素反而降低。结果提示,氟烷抑制常氧兔交感神经活动而不能抑制缺氧兔交感神经活动,氟烷不改变常氧兔心肌β受体密度,但降低缺氧兔心肌β受体密度。β受体密度降低与缺氧后升高的儿茶酚胺下调β受体数目有关,同时可能与氟烷改变了缺氧心肌细胞膜脂质流动性使受体易向膜内移动有关。     

亚急性轻度缺氧增加组胺刺激的肺动脉内皮细胞钙振荡频率

钙振荡 (calcium oscillation) 能以频率解码的形式调节基因转录,钙振荡的频率可反应基因转录的水平 . 为探索持续缺氧是强化还是钝化肺动脉内皮细胞对组胺的反应,研究了 24 h 亚急性轻度缺氧对组胺刺激的肺动脉内皮细胞钙振荡频率的影响,并探索了其机制 . 结果是： a. 24 h 亚急性轻度缺氧可显著增加组胺刺激的肺动脉内皮细胞钙振荡频率; b.NADPH 氧化酶抑制剂, diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI , 10 μmol/L) 消除了组胺刺激的常氧和缺氧后肺动脉内皮细胞钙振荡; c. 黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂,别嘌呤醇 (oxypurinol , 100 μmol/L) 能显著降低组胺刺激的缺氧后肺动脉内皮细胞升高的钙振荡频率,但降低后的钙振荡频率仍高于常氧组,别嘌呤醇对组胺刺激的常氧组肺动脉内皮细胞钙振荡频率无显著影响 . 以上结果表明,在持续缺氧相关的肺疾患中,肺动脉内皮细胞对组胺反应的敏感性增加 . NADPH 氧化酶在组胺刺激的钙振荡的发生中发挥重要作用;黄嘌呤氧化酶的激活是缺氧引起组胺刺激的钙振荡频率增加的重要原因 .     

Antibiotics in the treatment of wounds in the victims of the earthquake in the Armenian SSR

Purulent wounds in 88 victims of the Armenian earthquake with the syndrome of long-term squeezing were examined microbiologically and the experience with using antimicrobial drugs for their treatment was analyzed. In all the cases microbial associations were detected, coliform and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, enterococci, anaerobes and yeast-like fungi being isolated from 80, 20, 15 and 25 per cent of the patients respectively. 130 bacterial strains were studied in detail. 80 to 100 per cent of the bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotics routinely used in surgical practice, i.e. benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, levomycetin, kanamycin, cephalothin and cefazolin and highly sensitive to new antimicrobial drugs belonging to ureidopenicillins (mezlocillin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (cefoperazone and ceftazidime). Retrospective estimation of the antibiotic therapy revealed its inadequacy in 55.7 per cent of the patients for the most part because of the isolates resistance. The 19 variants of the antibiotic use prescribed by the physicians mainly included penicillins, aminoglycosides and their combinations (in 67.2 per cent of the cases). The use of the highly efficient drugs of the groups of ureidopenicillins and quinolones was extremely rare which was likely due to lacking of information on the drugs.     

Changes in the size of the nucleoli of the Purkinje cells in the canine cerebellum in the postresuscitation period

The changes in the size of Purkinje cell (PC) nucleolus in the lateral and medial cerebellum zones were studied in dogs with different degree of neurologic status recovery after clinical death of various etiology and duration. PC always possess one nucleolus in the control and experimental groups. In the case of complete neurologic status recovery of animals the area of PC nucleolus increases in both zones studied, irrespective of the cause of clinical death. In the case of neurologic disorders the increase in PC nucleolus area is clearly expressed only in the medial zone of the cerebellum, being insignificant in the lateral zone. It is suggested that adaptive characteristics of PC are distinct in the two compared zones, which leads to greater PC vulnerability in the lateral zone during deep hypoxia.     

Histogenesis of the taste buds of the vallate papilla in the in the rat in the postnatal stages of development

The developing taste buds of vallate papillae were studied with electron microscope in rats during the first 7 days after birth. Two types of cells--light and dark--are identified in the taste buds of a one day old animal. The apical parts of dark cells are characterized by numerous dark granules. A distinguishing feature of light cells is the presence of synaptic contacts with afferent intragemmal nerves. On the 4th day of development on the top of the apical parts of the cell, a microvillar apparatus is seen to form, which does not yet communicate with the oral cavity. On the 7th day, basal cells appear in the taste buds. Some of these cells are seen mitotically dividing. The differentiated microvillar apparatus now communicates with oral cavity. The structure of the taste buds is getting similar to that in the adults. The structural and functional peculiarities of the developing taste buds are discussed in association with the period of ontogenesis under consideration.     

On the role of the pineal in thermoregulation in the pigeon

Diurnal rhythm in body temperature of pigeons subjected to different experimental conditions (pinealectomized, sham-operated, melatonin-implanted, cold-exposed) was studied under a 12 h light and 12 h dark regimen. The body temperature of pigeons during photophase was higher than that during scotophase in the normal as well as every treatment group studied. Pinealectomized pigeons showed higher body temperature in the photophase as well as scotophase, than that of the normal and sham-operated birds when examined 2 or 3 weeks following the post-surgical acclimatization to 25 or 3 degrees C. However, subcutaneous implantation of melatonin pellets into pinealectomized pigeons nullified or even reversed the hyperthermic effect of pinealectomy. Exposure of pigeons to--18 degrees C for 280 min during photophase as well as scotophase, produced a marked drop in body temperature in pinealectomized, sham-operated and normal pigeons. The pinealectomized pigeons exhibited a higher body temperature than that of the sham-operated and normal ones when exposed to--18 degrees C during the photophase, but not during the scotophase. It was concluded that while the pineal is not necessary for maintaining the daily thermal rhythm in the avian body, it has a thermoregulatory role, in that it prevents rise in body temperature in warm (25 degrees C) acclimatized and chronic cold (3 degrees C) exposed birds. In acute short-term cold (--18 degrees C) exposure however, the temperature regulatory role of the pineal was not effective during the scotophase.     

Frequency of the stages in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat

This study determined the optimum number of tubules to be counted per testis cross section, and the number of animals per treatment group, when changes in stage frequencies in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium are criteria for assessing effects of treatment on spermatogenesis. A data base of 9,672 observed and staged tubules was collected from testicular cross sections of 15 Sprague-Dawley rats. A significant variation between animals was found for the frequencies of Stages I, II, IV, VI, VIII, and XIII. Computer simulation was used to randomly select different combinations of animal and tubule numbers from the observed data. Stage frequency means from each simulation experiment were compared statistically to observed mean frequencies. A model that used data from all 14 stages was analyzed. The following conclusions were made: a) a minimum of 200 tubule cross sections/testis is recommended for estimating stage frequencies; b) for a fixed number of tubules scored, the number of animals sampled is more important than the number of tubules per animal in reducing variance; c) to detect a difference of 2 standard deviations from the mean with a 2% error rate and examining 200 tubules/testis, at least 12 animals must be used per group when assessing all 14 stages; d) when individual stages are examined using 10 animals per group, only Stage VII has 80% or greater power of test (alpha = 0.05) to detect a frequency difference; e) pooling stages into 3-4 groups is recommended to improve the power of detecting a treatment difference.