羊奶果采后贮藏保鲜初步研究

本文探讨了羊奶果果实成熟度、包装方法、带枝叶与否、气调、温度以及保鲜剂处理对其贮藏效果的影响。试验结果表明,带枝叶的黄色果用3％硫脲等保鲜剂浸果10分钟,晾干后装入干燥器(5％CO_2气调)或塑料框外套2层0.03mm厚的聚乙烯薄膜塑料袋包装,贮藏于室温(15～20℃)下可保鲜38～42天,好果率在97.3％以上;于较适温度6～12℃下,可保鲜75～90天,好果率在90.0％以上。     

采后生理和果蔬保鲜

采后生理是研究鲜活园艺产品（水果、蔬菜和花卉）采后生理生化的变化规律及其调节控制机制,是制定鲜活园艺产品储藏保鲜的理论基础。一切有效的保鲜技术都是在采后生理生化变化的基础上制定。1．为什么贮藏保鲜越来越受到重视？采后的果蔬由于自身的衰老和病菌的感染,会引起大量腐烂变质,造成重大经济损失。同时由于人民生活水平的提高和外贸出口量的增加,以及园艺产品受产地和气候的限制,地区和季节差价大,易地交换可获得明显经济效益等原因,近二十年来我国贮藏保鲜和采后生理的研究发展非常迅速,已取得很大成果。2．后熟和贮的过…     

基因工程在园艺作物采后保鲜中的应用

通过基因工程技术培育出长久保存的园艺作物品种以延长其采后保鲜期,本文对应用这一技术的策略,研究进展及商业化前景分别给予介绍．     

不同预冷方式及保鲜液配比对荷兰鸢尾切花采后保鲜的影响

对荷兰鸢尾‘罗萨里奥’(Iris xiphium L．var．hybridum cv．Rosarlo)切花的预冷处理方式以及保鲜液中蔗糖和6-BA适宜浓度进行了筛选。结果表明：选用直接预冷的花材,在以0．3g／L8-HQC(8-羟基喹啉柠檬酸盐) 0．05g／L CCC(矮壮素)为基本液并添加50g／L蔗糖和10mg／L 6-BA的瓶插液中,单朵花瓶插寿命达10d,分别比在对照、基本液以及基本液 50g／L蔗糖的瓶插液中的延长了5．5、5．0和2．0d;同时在延缓花瓣褪色、阻止叶片黄化方面也有很好的效果。     

灵武长枣采后保鲜贮藏特性研究

以灵武长枣采后鲜果为试材,于不同贮藏条件下系统研究了其呼吸、乙烯释放、耗氧、失水及适宜贮温等特性,以期为灵武长枣贮藏保鲜措施制订提供依据。结果表明,八成熟灵武长枣在常温贮藏过程中,随贮藏时间延长,有呼吸高峰出现,乙烯释放呈双峰型;灵武长枣在果面完全着色时有呼吸升高和乙烯释放增加现象,灵武长枣可能为跃变型果实。灵武长枣采后耗氧迅速,极易失水,0℃恒温能显著延缓其后熟进程,保鲜期较常温延长21d。研究发现,控制环境低温,提高相对湿度和加强通风透气是灵武长枣贮藏保鲜的必要条件。     

黄花菜的采后生理与保鲜技术研究进展

黄花菜(Hemerocallis citrina Baroni,daylily)在我国有几千年的种植历史,是一种具有较高经济价值的特色蔬菜。通过对国、内外在黄花菜保鲜和贮藏的研究的了解,从黄花菜的生理、保鲜两方面对黄花菜的采后生理及保鲜技术进行了综述,同时也对黄花菜的应用价值进行了介绍。     

番荔枝果实采后生理与保鲜技术研究进展

番荔枝果实采后难以贮藏保鲜的特性制约着我国番荔枝产业的进一步发展。对国内外关于番荔枝果实采后呼吸强度及乙烯产量、相关酶类、果实软化、果实褐变等生理变化、采后病理及保鲜技术的研究进展作了综述。     

鲜食葡萄的采后生理及贮运保鲜

论述了葡萄的成熟及采后生理生化特性,采后的各种主要病害和次要病害以及鲜食葡萄的采后贮运方法和国际通用的葡萄保鲜方法──ＳＯ_２熏蒸法的原理和研究进展。     

壳聚糖涂膜对果蔗采后的生理和保鲜效应

紫皮果蔗(Saccharum sinensis Roxb.)取自桂林市临桂县农业开发中心。选择无损伤、无病虫害的果蔗,去梢和去根,用清水漂洗干净后,切割分段(每段约长20cm),分别浸入:(1)清水(对照)、(2)1.5%壳聚糖(chitosan,CTS)、(3)2%硼酸 4%     

刺三加叶组成成分与质量分析

为评价刺三加这一药食两用植物,对刺三加叶中的粗灰分、粗纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪等部分营养成分与K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、P、Zn、Na和Cu等部分矿质元素及活性成分(绿原酸和总黄酮)进行了测定分析。结果表明:刺三加叶中的粗灰分、粗纤维、粗蛋白及粗脂肪的含量分别为:2.75%、2.34%、4.63%和4.13%,与6种常见蔬菜相比较,是6种常见蔬菜的2~10倍;K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、P、Zn、Na和Cu等矿质元素含量分别为:516.00、1061.00、86.58、8.13、4.18、156.12、9.61、8.27和0.044(mg/100 g);与6种常见蔬菜比较后发现除Na和Cu元素含量略低于6种常见蔬菜外,其它成分均相当或高于6种常见蔬菜,其中K、P、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn是6种常见蔬菜的4~15倍;刺三加叶还含有丰富的药用活性成分黄酮和绿原酸,黄酮含量为4.06%,绿原酸含量为3.72%,证明刺三加是一种极具开发利用价值的药食两用植物。该研究为刺三加这一植物的开发利用提供一定的理论依据。     

药用植物天门冬染色体核型分析

对天门冬根尖细胞进行染色体常规制片,并进行核型分析。结果表明,天门冬染色体数为2n=20,核型公式为K(2n)=2x=20=8 sm+128m,其中中部着丝粒染色体(m)为4对,近中部着丝粒染色体(sm)为5对。核型类型为2B。     

大豆种质资源SRAP分子标记中的引物筛选

以113个大豆栽培品种和20个野生品种为材料,从288对引物组合中筛选出12对多态性丰富、条带清晰、可重复性好的SRAP引物组合。用筛选出的12对引物组合对大豆品种进行PCR扩增,获得了带型丰富和清晰可辨的DNA的PAGE指纹图谱;共扩增出251条谱带,其中多态性条带220条,多态性谱带比率为87.6%,平均每个引物扩增出18.3条谱带。结果显示,所筛选出的12对引物组合可以有效的应用于大豆种质资源的SRAP分析。     

Manganese and iron interactions on their uptake and distribution in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Summary The uptake and distribution of iron and manganese were studied in a manganese-sensitive soybean cultivar (‘Bragg’) grown over a range of supply levels of these nutrients in solution culture. At high (90 and 275 μM) manganese levels, increasing the iron concentration in solution from 2 to 100 μM partially overcame the effects of manganese toxicity. Interactions between manganese and iron occurred for dry matter yields, rate of Mn absorption by the roots, and the proportions of manganese and iron transported to the tops. No interaction was observed for the rate of root absorption of iron. The percentage distribution of manganese in the plant top increased with increasing iron, despite a reduced rate of Mn uptake. On the other hand, iron uptake was independent of solution Mn concentration and increased with increasing solution Fe. Also more iron was retained in the roots at high Mn and/or Fe levels in solution. Concentrations of manganese and iron in roots, stems and individual leaves were affected independently by the manganese and iron supplyi.e. without any interaction occurring between the two elements. In general, the concentration in a plant part was related directly to the solution concentration. Symptoms resembling iron deficiency correlated poorly with leaf Fe concentrations whereas high levels of manganese were found in leaves displaying Mn toxicity symptoms.     

Furanoditerpenes from Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr. and their antifungal activity

Two furanoditerpenes, 2α,3α-epoxy-2,3,7,8α-tetrahydropenianthic acid methyl ester (1) and 2α,3α-epoxy-2,3-dihydropenianthic acid methyl ester (2) were isolated and identified from the root of Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr. The configuration of 1 was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis and two-dimensional NMR. Fibraurin (3), fibleucin (4), 2β, 3α-dihydroxy-2,3,7,8α-tetrahydropenianthic acid-2,17-lactone (5), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin were also isolated and identified by NMR and EI-MS or FAB-MS. The 2β, 3α-dihydroxy-2,3,7,8α-tetrahydropenianthic acid-2,17-lactone (5) showed the highest antifungal activity of the isolated five furanoditerpenes against a white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) and a brown-rot fungus (Fomitopsis palustris).     

Effects of seismic stress on the vegetative growth of Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Wells II

Abstract. Vegetative plants of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Wells II] grown in a greenhouse and agitated periodically on a gyratory shaker had shorter stems, less leaf area, and lower leaf and plant dry weight than did undisturbed greenhouse-grown (GG) plants after 16 d of treatment. Outdoor-grown (OG) plants, which were subjected to additional environmental stresses including ultraviolet radiation, wind loading, and uncontrolled temperature and humidity fluctuations, were smaller and had less dry weight than GG controls, but growth was not inhibited further by gyratory shaking. Periodic shaking of GG soybeans resulted in the same plant and leaf dry weight as for OG soybeans. Response of GG plants to mechanical stress depended on light intensity, with minimum growth reduction occurring under full light (FL) level, and maximum growth reduction occurring under lower light levels (24–45% FL). Reduction in dry weight gain due to mechanical stress corresponded to a decrease in relative growth rate (RGR). Decreases in net assimilation rate and leaf area ratio contributed equally to the lower RGR of shaken plants, indicating that seismic stress inhibits dry weight accumulation by decreasing both the photosynthetic efficiency and the assimilatory surface of soybean.     

Effect of sulfur-containing agrochemicals on growth,yield, and protein content of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr)

In this study, effect of different forms of sulfur-containing agrochemicals on growth, yield, and protein content of soybean grains have been evaluated. Three forms were used, such as powdery, solute, and pasty, in which elemental sulfur is contained in a nanostructured state. Plants treated with powdered and solute sulfur-containing agrochemicals had the highest growth and grain yield values, and the effect of applying pasty sulfur-containing agrochemicals did not differ from the control, in which there was low yield on all variants. The use of powdered and solute sulfur-containing agrochemicals increased all protein fractions in soybeans. The results show that the use of powdered and solute sulfur-containing agrochemicals is necessary to boost the yield of soy and increase the supply of proteins in the grains. A key factor in the availability of sulfur for soybean plants is the conversion of sulfur to a nanodisperse state. This study provides relevant information about sulfur-containing agrochemicals, which can promote higher seed yields and increase the content of protein in soybeans.     

Mapping QTLs for tissue culture response in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Hempseed is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which have potential as therapeutic compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of hempseed meal (HSM) intake on the animal models of these diseases has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we assessed the effects of the intake of HSM and PUFAs on oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and neurological phenotypes, and cholesterol uptake, using Drosophila models. HSM intake was shown to reduce H₂O₂ toxicity markedly, indicating that HSM exerts a profound antioxidant effect. Meanwhile, intake of HSM, as well as linoleic or linolenic acids (major PUFA components of HSM) was shown to ameliorate Aβ42-induced eye degeneration, thus suggesting that these compounds exert a protective effect against Aβ42 cytotoxicity. On the contrary, locomotion and longevity in the Parkinson’s disease model and eye degeneration in the Huntington’s disease model were unaffected by HSM feeding. Additionally, intake of HSM or linoleic acid was shown to reduce cholesterol uptake significantly. Moreover, linoleic acid intake has been shown to delay pupariation, and cholesterol feeding rescued the linoleic acid-induced larval growth delay, thereby indicating that linoleic acid acts antagonistically with cholesterol during larval growth. In conclusion, our results indicate that HSM and linoleic acid exert inhibitory effects on both Aβ42 cytotoxicity and cholesterol uptake, and are potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and cardiovascular disease.     

Trifluralin-induced chlorosis in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown on clayey,high pH soils

Summary The cause of leaf chlorosis, frequently observed on soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown on high pH soils of the Mississippi Blackland Prairie, is thought to be low Fe availability and restricted rooting. Three greenhouse experiments were conducted using two soils, Sumter, a Rendollic Eutrocrept and Okolona, a Typic Chromudert; nine soybean cultivars differing in Feefficiency; and trifluralin (α-α-α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N, N-di-propyl-p-toludine). Trifluralin at rates greater than 0.56 kg/ha caused chlorosis which was more severe on the Sumter, a soil low in available Fe. Fe-efficient cultivars were more resistant to the chlorosis induced by trifluralin than the Fe-inefficient cultivars. It was concluded that the chlorosis is an Fe deficiency caused by reduced uptake. The herbicide-induced chlorosis can be avoided by proper dosage and placement of the herbicide.