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1.

Purpose

The study aims to assess the tolerance of elderly patients (70 years or older) with locally advanced rectal cancers to image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). A retrospective review of 13 elderly patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent preoperative chemoradiation using IGRT was performed. Grade 3–4 acute toxicities, survival, and long-term complications were compared to 17 younger patients (<70 years) with the same disease stage.

Results

Grade 3–4 hematologic toxicities occurred in 7.6% and 0% (p = 0.4) and gastrointestinal toxicities, and, in 15.2% and 5% (p = 0.5), of elderly and younger patients, respectively. Surgery was aborted in three patients, two in the elderly group and one in the younger group. One patient in the elderly group died after surgery from cardiac arrhythmia. After a median follow-up of 34 months, five patients had died, two in the elderly and three in the younger group. The 3-year survival was 90.9% and 87.5% (p = 0.7) for the elderly and younger group respectively. Two patients in the younger group developed ischemic colitis and fecal incontinence. There was no statistically significant difference in acute and late toxicities as well as survival between the two groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Elderly patients with locally advanced rectal cancers may tolerate preoperative chemoradiation with IGRT as well as younger patients. Further prospective studies should be performed to investigate the potential of IGRT for possible cure in elderly patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.  相似文献   

2.
《Cell Stem Cell》2020,26(1):17-26.e6
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  相似文献   

3.

Background

Recognizing EGFR as key orchestrator of the metastatic process in colorectal cancer, but also the substantial heterogeneity of responses to anti-EGFR therapy, we examined the pattern of composite tumor kinase activities governed by EGFR-mediated signaling that might be implicated in development of metastatic disease.

Patients and Methods

Point mutations in KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA and ERBB2 amplification were determined in primary tumors from 63 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer scheduled for radical treatment. Using peptide arrays with tyrosine kinase substrates, ex vivo phosphopeptide profiles were generated from the same baseline tumor samples and correlated to metastasis-free survival.

Results

Unsupervised clustering analysis of the resulting phosphorylation of 102 array substrates defined two tumor classes, both consisting of cases with and without KRAS/BRAF mutations. The smaller cluster group of patients, with tumors generating high ex vivo phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-related substrates, had a particularly aggressive disease course, with almost a half of patients developing metastatic disease within one year of follow-up.

Conclusion

High phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-mediated signaling activity of the primary tumor, rather than KRAS/BRAF mutation status, was identified as a hallmark of poor metastasis-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing radical treatment of the pelvic cavity.  相似文献   

4.

Objective

The aim of this paper was to compare the efficacy and safety of S-1-based and capecitabine-based preoperative chemoradiotherapy regimens in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer through a retrospective matched-pair analysis.

Materials and methods

Between Jan 2010 and Mar 2014, 24 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who received preoperative radiotherapy concurrently with S-1 were individually matched with 24 contemporary patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who received preoperative radiotherapy concurrently with capecitabine according to clinical stage (as determined by pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography) and age (within five years). All these patients performed mesorectal excision 4–8 weeks after the completion of chemoradiotherapy.

Results

The tumor volume reduction rates were 55.9±15.1% in the S-1 group and 53.8±16.0% in the capecitabine group (p = 0.619). The overall downstaging, including both T downstaging and N downstaging, occurred in 83.3% of the S-1 group and 70.8% of the capecitabine group (p = 0.508). The significant tumor regression, including regression grade I and II, occurred in 33.3% of S-1 patients and 25.0% of capecitabine patients (p = 0.754). In the two groups, Grade 4 adverse events were not observed and Grade 3 consisted of only two cases of diarrhea, and no patient suffered hematologic adverse event of Grade 2 or higher. However, the incidence of diarrhea (62.5% vs 33.3%, p = 0.014) and hand-foot syndrome (29.2% vs 0%, p = 0.016) were higher in capecitabine group. Other adverse events did not differ significantly between two groups.

Conclusions

The two preoperative chemoradiotherapy regimens were effective and safe for patients of locally advanced rectal cancer, but regimen with S-1 exhibited a lower incidence of adverse events.  相似文献   

5.

Background

Rectal washout can prevent local recurrence after anterior resection of rectal cancer. Few studies have focused particularly on the association between irrigation fluids volume or agents and the risk of local recurrence after anterior resection of rectal cancer.

Objective

To estimate the association between irrigation fluids types, volumes of rectal washout and risk of local recurrence after anterior resection for cancer.

Data Sources

Relevant studies were identified by a search of Medline, Embase, Wiley Online Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialized Register, Wanfang databases and Google Website from their inception until October 18,2013.

Study Selection

Studies reporting the association between rectal washout types and volumes and risk of local recurrence after anterior resection for cancer were included.

Interventions

Eligible studies used rectal washout. Control groups were defined as no washout.

Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods

Random-effects model were used to obtain summary estimates of RR and 95% CI, with Stata version 11 and RevMan 5.2.5 softwares used. The quality of report was appraised in reference to the MINORS item.

Results

Of the 919 rectal cancer patients in 8 included studies, a total of 61(6.64%) cases of local recurrence were reported, with a pooled RR 0.51 (95%CI = 0.28–0.92, P = 0.03). The RRs 0.37 and 0.39 in normal saline and washout volume (≥1500 ml normal saline) subgroup, respectively, indicated that rectal washout with normal saline, or ≥1500 ml in volume could significantly reduce local recurrence (LR) rate (95% CI = 0.17–0.79, P = 0.01; 95% CI = 0.18–0.87, P = 0.02) after anterior resection for cancer.

Limitation

The included studies were non-randomized observational studies, with diversity of study designs.

Conclusion

Rectal washout with normal saline alone can reduce the risk of local recurrence in patients with resectable rectal cancer, and 1.5 liters rectal washout in volume is recommended.  相似文献   

6.

Aim

To develop prognostic nomograms for predicting outcomes in patients with locally advanced rectal cancers who do not receive preoperative treatment.

Materials and Methods

A total of 883 patients with stage II–III rectal cancers were retrospectively collected from a single institution. Survival analyses were performed to assess each variable for overall survival (OS), local recurrence (LR) and distant metastases (DM). Cox models were performed to develop a predictive model for each endpoint. The performance of model prediction was validated by cross validation and on an independent group of patients.

Results

The 5-year LR, DM and OS rates were 22.3%, 32.7% and 63.8%, respectively. Two prognostic nomograms were successfully developed to predict 5-year OS and DM-free survival rates, with c-index of 0.70 (95% CI = [0.66, 0.73]) and 0.68 (95% CI = [0.64, 0.72]) on the original dataset, and 0.76 (95% CI = [0.67, 0.86]) and 0.73 (95% CI = [0.63, 0.83]) on the validation dataset, respectively. Factors in our models included age, gender, carcinoembryonic antigen value, tumor location, T stage, N stage, metastatic lymph nodes ratio, adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Predicted by our nomogram, substantial variability in terms of 5-year OS and DM-free survival was observed within each TNM stage category.

Conclusions

The prognostic nomograms integrated demographic and clinicopathological factors to account for tumor and patient heterogeneity, and thereby provided a more individualized outcome prognostication. Our individualized prediction nomograms could help patients with preoperatively under-staged rectal cancer about their postoperative treatment strategies and follow-up protocols.  相似文献   

7.

Purpose

The study aims to assess the feasibility of tomotherapy-based image-guided (IGRT) radiotherapy for locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer. A retrospective review of 33 patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiation for locally advanced oropharyngeal cancers was conducted. Radiotherapy planning, treatment toxicity and loco-regional control were assessed.

Results

At a median follow-up of 32 months (6–47 months), no patient developed loco-regional recurrence. Two patients (6%) developed distant metastases. Grade 3–4 acute toxicity was respectively 72% and 25% for mucositis and gastrointestinal toxicity. Two patients (6%) had long-term dependence on tube feedings. Dose-volume histogram demonstrated excellent target volume coverage and low radiation dose to the organs at risk for complications.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

IGRT provides excellent loco-regional control but acute toxicity remains significant and needs to be addressed in future prospective trials. The feasibility of Tomotherapy to decrease radiation dose to the normal tissues merits further investigations.  相似文献   

8.
目的:探讨新辅助化疗联合手术治疗较传统手术治疗Ib2、IIa2局部晚期宫颈癌的临床疗效。方法:选取2008年6月~2011年12月在黑龙江省哈尔滨医科大学附属第三医院初治宫颈癌患者120例,临床分期为Ib2期、IIa2期,术前均经病理证实为宫颈鳞癌,将其分为两组:研究组(新辅助化疗联合手术治疗组);对照组(单纯手术治疗组)。研究组给予1~2个疗程的新辅助化疗后评估其化疗疗效,有效者化疗结束后行广泛性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术;对照组直接行手术治疗。结果:新辅助化疗能够使肿瘤体积较化疗前缩小或消失,临床有效率高达81.43%,从而降低了宫颈癌的临床分期,提高手术的切除率,扩大手术适应征,降低术后病理高危因素,同时手术治疗能保留卵巢功能,提高年轻宫颈癌患者生活质量。结论:术前新辅助化疗可以提高手术治疗局部晚期宫颈癌的临床疗效。  相似文献   

9.
目的:分析中晚期直肠癌患者的心理健康情况,探讨改善患者心理应激的干预措施,为直肠癌的临床护理工作提供可借鉴的方法。方法:选取2009年1月-2013年1月在我院接受治疗的中晚期直肠癌患者89例作为研究对象,随机分为两组。其中,对照组42例患者采用常规护理模式,而干预组47例患者在此基础上接受健康指导。分别于干预前后对患者的心理健康状况及生存质量进行问卷调查,比较并分析调查结果。结果:实施护理干预前,两组患者各项评分无显著差异(P0.05);实施护理干预后,两组患者的心理健康评分均有所改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。干预组患者接受健康指导后的各项指标评分均显著优于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者干预后的生理机能、社会功能及情感功能评分均获得提高,但干预组患者效果更为明显,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:中晚期直肠癌患者的心理压力对预后产生消极影响,医护人员应积极对患者进行心理疏导,帮助其积极配合治疗,从而获得良好的疗效。  相似文献   

10.
11.
目的:探讨肛提肌外腹会阴联合切除术(ELAPE)在低位进展期直肠癌中的应用。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年12月我院胃肠外科30例接受ELAPE和18例接受传统腹会阴联合直肠癌切除术(APR)的低位直肠癌病人的临床资料,通过对手术用时、失血量、术中穿孔发生率、术后住院时间、术后并发症以及出院后随访相关指标等的比较来分析ELAPE的可行性。结果:和APR相比,ELAPE治疗低位直肠癌可降低术中直肠穿孔和CRM阳性的发生率,术后会阴部切口愈合延迟率以及出院后肿瘤局部复发、远处转移以及患者死亡的发生率,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。行ELAPE术的手术时间、术中出血量、平均住院天数,术后引流管拔管时间、尿潴留发生率以及出院随访的骶尾部不适率均稍大于行APR术的患者,但差异均尚无统计学意义(P0.05);进行两种手术的患者住院两组间围手术期死亡病例、会阴部血清肿的发生率、肠梗阻发生率、造口问题发生率以及出现并发症的情况差异不大(P0.05)。结论:和APR相比,ELAPE治疗低位进展期直肠癌可降低术中肠管穿孔发生率、CRM阳性率和住院期间发生会阴部切口愈合延迟率,短期随访预后良好,有望成为治疗进展期低位直肠癌的推荐术式。  相似文献   

12.
13.
目的:探讨应用术前新辅助放化疗和全直肠系膜切除术(TME)治疗局部进展期直肠癌的临床疗效。方法:选择2014年1月到2016年12月我院收治的80例中低位局部进展期直肠癌患者,按照随机数字表法分为实验组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。实验组患者给予术前新辅助放化疗联合TME治疗,对照组患者仅给予TME治疗,两组患者均于术后给予辅助化疗4个疗程。比较两组患者治疗后的病理完全缓解率、病理降期情况、根治性切除率以及不良反应发生情况。结果:实验组患者的完全缓解率为22.50%(9/40),高于对照组的5.00%(2/40),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组的降期率为91.89%(34/37),高于对照组的74.29%(26/35),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者的根治性切除率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗期间,两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:术前新辅助放化疗联合TME治疗局部进展期直肠癌安全有效,病理降期情况良好,完全缓解率较高。  相似文献   

14.
PURPOSE: Ultrasound elastography is a new imaging technique that can be used to assess tissue stiffness. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of ultrasound elastography for monitoring treatment response of locally advanced breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. METHODS: Fifteen women receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy had the affected breast scanned before, 1, 4, and 8 weeks following therapy initiation, and then before surgery. Changes in elastographic parameters related to tissue biomechanical properties were then determined and compared to clinical and pathologic tumor response after mastectomy. RESULTS: Patients who responded to therapy demonstrated a significant decrease (P < .05) in strain ratios and strain differences 4 weeks after treatment initiation compared to non-responding patients. Mean strain ratio and mean strain difference for responders was 81 ± 3% and 1 ± 17% for static regions of interest (ROIs) and 81 ± 3% and 6 ± 18% for dynamic ROIs, respectively. In contrast, these parameters were 102±2%, 110±17%, 101±4%, and 109±30% for non-responding patients, respectively. Strain ratio using static ROIs was found to be the best predictor of treatment response, with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity obtained 4 weeks after starting treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ultrasound elastography can be potentially used as an early predictor of tumor therapy response in breast cancer patients.  相似文献   

15.
ContextThere has been a marked increase in the detection of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) over the past few years, which has improved the prognosis. However, it is necessary to adjust treatment and monitoring strategies relative to the risk of an unfavourable disease course.ResultsThe PPV and NPV for the ATA (24.59% and 95.42%, respectively) and ETA (24.28% and 95.68%, respectively) were significantly lower than those for the DRS (56.76% and 98.5%, respectively) (p<0.0001). The proportion of variance for predicting the final outcome was 15.8% for ATA, 16.1% for ETA and 56.7% for the DRS. Recurrent disease was rare (1% of patients), and was nearly always identified in patients at intermediate/high risk according to the initial stratification (9/10 cases).ConclusionsThe DRS showed a better correlation with the risk of persistent disease than the early stratification systems and allows personalisation of follow-up. If clinicians plan to alter the intensity of surveillance, patients at intermediate/high risk according to the early stratification systems should remain within the specialized centers; however, low risk patients can be referred to endocrinologists or other appropriate practitioners for long-term follow-up, as these patients remained at low risk after risk re-stratification.  相似文献   

16.
There is renewed interest in the immune regulatory role of the spleen in oncology. To date, very few studies have examined macroscopic variations of splenic volume in the setting of cancer, prior to or during therapy, especially in humans. Changes in splenic volume may be associated with changes in splenic function. The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in spleen volume in NSCLC patients during chemo-radiotherapy. Sixty patients with stage I-IIIB NSCLC underwent radiotherapy (60Gy/30 fractions) for six weeks with concomitant carboplatin/paclitaxel (Ca/P; n = 32) or cisplatin/etoposide (Ci/E; n = 28). A baseline PET/CT scan was performed within 2 weeks prior to treatment and during Weeks 2 and 4 of chemo-radiotherapy. Spleen volume was measured by contouring all CT slices. Significant macroscopic changes in splenic volume occurred early after the commencement of treatment. A significant decrease in spleen volume was observed for 66% of Ca/P and 79% of Ci/E patients between baseline and Week 2. Spleen volume was decreased by 14.2% for Ca/P (p<0.001) and 19.3% for Ci/E (p<0.001) patients. By Week 4, spleen volume was still significantly decreased for Ca/P patients compared to baseline, while for Ci/E patients, spleen volume returned to above baseline levels. This is the first report demonstrating macroscopic changes in the spleen in NSCLC patients undergoing radical chemo-radiotherapy that can be visualized by non-invasive imaging.  相似文献   

17.
目的:探讨术前调强放疗联合替吉奥化疗对局部晚期直肠癌患者的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年12月至2014年12月我院收治的局部晚期直肠癌患者90例进行研究,根据治疗方法分为三组:A组(n=30)给予术前调强放疗联合替吉奥化疗治疗,B组(n=30)仅给予术前调强放疗治疗,C组(n=30)给予替吉奥化疗治疗。比较三组患者的总有效率,血清TPS、CYFRA21-1水平变化情况,1年、2年、3年复发、转移、生存率,保肛率及不良反应发生情况。结果:A组总有效率86.68%显著高于对照B组的46.67%和C组的50.00%,差异显著(P0.05);治疗前,三组TPS、CYFRA21-1水平无显著差异(P0.05);治疗后,三组TPS、CYFRA21-1水平均显著下降,且A组低于B组和C组(P0.05);三组患者1年、2年复发、转移情况无显著差异;A组3年复发、转移情况均显著低于B组和C组(P0.05);三组患者1年、2年生存率无显著差异;A组3年生存率均显著高于B组和C组(P0.05);三组患者发生恶心呕吐、白细胞减少等并发症发生情况无显著差异;A组保肛率均显著高于B组和C组(P0.05)。结论:采用术前调强放疗联合替吉奥化疗治疗局部晚期直肠癌疗效好于术前放疗。  相似文献   

18.
目的:探讨吉西他滨联合卡铂化疗方案治疗局部浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效及毒副作用.方法:56例局部浸润性膀胱癌患者,其中28例术前接受GC化疗方案,即吉西他滨1000 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1、8天;顺铂25 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第2~4天,21d为1周期治疗;28例术前接受GCa化疗方案,即吉西他滨1000mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1、8天;卡铂400 mg/m2,静脉滴注,第2天,21d为1周期治疗.所有病例均完成2~3周期化疗,观察疗效及不良反应.结果:肿瘤分期降至pT1或更低分期的比率,GC组为61%,GCa组为53%(P=0.616).从确诊开始24个月无复发生存率,GC组为88%,GCa组为86%(P=0.833).化疗过程中监测了血液系统的不良反应,主要有3~4度的中性粒细胞减少症、贫血和血小板减少,在GC组发生率分别为14%,14%和0%,GCa组发生率分别为53%,22%和50%.非血液系统的不良反应主要是消化道症状,恶心、呕吐的发生率GC组为25%,GCa组则为0%.化疗过程中最低中位肾小球滤过率估算值(eGFR),GC组和GCa组分别为54.9和69.6 mL/min/1.73 m2(p=0.002).结论:吉西他滨联合卡铂的辅助化疗方案治疗局部浸润性膀胱癌与顺铂为主的化疗方案疗效相当,在非血液系统毒性方面优于顺铂为主的化疗方案,尤其GCa方案具有更小的肾毒性.  相似文献   

19.
目的:局部进展期胃癌,即使没有出现远处转移或腹膜种植,预后也极不理想.我们对局部进展期胃癌患者进行术前mECF方案的动静脉结合化疗,以评价其治疗疗效.方法:选取自2009年1月至2011年6月间我院局部进展期胃癌Ⅱ-ⅢC期患者38例,均由影像学确定淋巴结高度可疑转移或浸润、包绕主要血管结构,且没有发现远处转移或腹膜种植,进行2个周期的术前动静脉结合化疗后,行手术治疗.记录化疗毒性反应、临床、病理缓解率、手术并发症发生率和病死率以及1年无病生存率.结果:化疗毒性反应低,3级反应不超过10%,仅有1例出现4级反应,表现为腹泻、恶心和呕吐.38例患者中临床CR有6例,占15.8%,PR17例,占44.7%,NC13例(34.2%),PD2例(5.3%),RR为60.5%(23/38).全部患者均施行了手术,37例患者进行了根治性手术,R0切除率为97%.病理缓解率为5例完全缓解(13.2%),21例部分缓解(55.3%),8例轻微缓解(21.1%),4例未缓解(10.5%).手术并发症发生率为7.9%,无治疗相关死亡发生.1年无病生存率为81.6%.结论:局部进展期胃癌患者术前进行mECF方案的动静脉化疗毒性反应低,疗效理想,之后行手术完整切除后临床效果突出,是理想的治疗方法.  相似文献   

20.
目的:探讨梗阻性低位直肠癌保肛治疗(直肠癌前切除术(dixon手术))的可行性及术后肠瘘的防治。方法:回顾性分析我科2009年1月-2012年1月梗阻性低位直肠癌的保肛治疗(dixon)24例手术患者(梗阻性保肛组)临床资料及非梗阻性低位直肠癌保肛治疗(dixon)的24例患者(非梗阻性保肛组)临床资料,比较梗阻性与非梗阻性低位肠梗阻保肛治疗的临床疗效,分析梗阻性低位肠梗阻保肛治疗的可行性。结果:梗阻性保肛组住院天数:11.9天,非梗阻性肠梗阻保肛组8.7天P0.05;梗阻性保肛组发生肠瘘:4例(16.7%),非梗阻性肠梗阻保肛组发生肠瘘:1例(4.2%)P0.05,经充分引流后肠瘘愈合,无1人死亡,两组术后至出院期间死亡人数:0例;梗阻性保肛组肠功能恢复(以排气排便为指标):5.1天,非梗阻性保肛组肠功能恢复:3.8天,P0.05;术后6个月腹泻便秘患者两组相同为24人;术后6个月梗阻性保肛组肿瘤复发6人(25%),非梗阻性保肛组肿瘤复发5人(20.8%),P0.05。结论:梗阻性低位肠梗阻保肛治疗住院期疗效较非梗阻性保肛组差,中远期疗效无明显差异。梗阻性低位直肠癌可行保肛治疗。  相似文献   

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