Segmental Kinematic Coupling of the Human Spinal Column during Locomotion

As one of the most important daily motor activities, human locomotion has been investigated intensively in recent decades. The locomotor functions and mechanics of human lower limbs have become relatively well understood. However, so far our understanding of the motions and functional contributions of the human spine during locomotion is still very poor and simultaneous in-vivo limb and spinal column motion data are scarce. The objective of this study is to investigate the delicate in-vivo kinematic coupling between different functional regions of the human spinal column during locomotion as a stepping stone to explore the locomotor function of the human spine complex. A novel infrared reflective marker cluster system was constrncted using stereophotogrammetry techniques to record the 3D in-vivo geometric shape of the spinal column and the segmental position and orientation of each functional spinal region simultaneously. Gait measurements of normal walking were conducted. The preliminary results show that the spinal column shape changes periodically in the frontal plane during locomotion. The segmental motions of different spinal functional regions appear to be strongly coupled, indicating some synergistic strategy may be employed by the human spinal column to facilitate locomotion. In contrast to traditional medical imaging-based methods, the proposed technique can be used to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the spinal column, hence providing more insight into the functional biomechanics of the human spine.     

磁共振水成像对脊柱疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨磁共振水成像技术对脊柱疾病诊断的应用价值。方法:采用快速高级自旋回波(FASE)、重T2WI及脂肪抑制序列对300例病人检查行磁共振椎管水成像(MRmyelography,MRM)。结果:MRM显示正常25例,MRM异常275例,清楚显示原发病变与邻近脊髓腔、脊髓、神经根的相关关系。结论:MRM具有无创伤、无辐射、速度快,不需对比剂,患者易接受的特点。MRM与常规MRI图像结合可获得全面、客观的病变信息,MRM图像可取代X线脊髓造影和CT脊髓造影。     

磁共振水成像对脊柱疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的：探讨磁共振水成像技术对脊柱疾病诊断的应用价值.方法：采用快速高级自旋回波（FASE）、重T2WI及脂肪抑制序列对300例病人检查行磁共振椎管水成像（MR myelography,MRM）.结果：MRM显示正常25例,MRM异常275例,清楚显示原发病变与邻近脊髓腔、脊髓、神经根的相关关系.结论：MRM具有无创伤、无辐射、速度快,不需对比剂,患者易接受的特点.MRM与常规MRI图像结合可获得全面、客观的病变信息,MRM图像可取代X线脊髓造影和CT脊髓造影.     

脊柱融合的实验研究进展

脊柱融合是脊柱外科研究重点之一,脊柱融合的动物实验研究也是方兴未艾,有关脊柱融合的实验动物选择、实验方法、实验材料、评价方法是研究的重点。本文通过大量文献进行系统回顾,对脊柱融合动物实验的上述方面进行了总结。     

Orthopedics: the impingement syndrome and the rotator cuff

The Scientific Board of the California Medical Association presents the following inventory of items of progress in orthopedics. Each item, in the judgment of a panel of knowledgeable physicians, has recently become reasonably firmly established, both as to scientific fact and important clinical significance. The items are presented in simple epitome and an authoritative reference, both to the item itself and to the subject as a whole, is generally given for those who may be unfamiliar with a particular item. The purpose is to assist busy practitioners, students, research workers, or scholars to stay abreast of these items of progress in orthopedics that have recently achieved a substantial degree of authoritative acceptance, whether in their own field of special interest or another.The items of progress listed below were selected by the Advisory Panel to the Section on Orthopedics of the California Medical Association and the summaries were prepared under its direction.