银鲫HIRA多克隆抗体的制备及组织特异性表达分析

Hir/Hira基因家族的成员广泛存在于多种生物体中,但有关其在生物体发育过程中的具体功能还不甚清楚.对果蝇的研究表明,dHira基因产物可能在受精时精核的解凝过程和雄性原核的正常形成过程中起重要作用.本研究组前期已经分别克隆出雌核发育银鲫和两性生殖彩鲫的Hira基因(cagHira 和caHira),本实验在银鲫cagHira基因的特异区域,设计一对引物,以银鲫成熟卵母细胞总RNA逆转录出的cDNA为模板,扩增出cagHira的特异片段.再将该片段克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a上,转化BL21(DE3)菌株,经诱导后表达出融合蛋白.分析表明,该融合蛋白主要以包涵体形式表达.以纯化的融合蛋白作为抗原去免疫小鼠,制备多克隆抗血清,经蛋白质印迹分析检测,该抗血清(稀释到1:2000)与包涵体蛋白识别反应良好,确定获得了具有高效价的特异性银鲫CAGHIRA多克隆抗体,为进一步研究HIRA在鱼类发育和雌核生殖过程中的作用奠定了基础.对银鲫HIRA蛋白的组织特异性表达分析发现,该蛋白仅在成熟卵巢组织中特异表达,故表明HIRA可能对鱼类卵子发生和/或早期胚胎发育具有重要作用.     

胭脂鱼胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)cDNA的分子克隆、序列分析及组织表达

参考多种生物的胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)基因序列,设计并合成引物。用胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)肝总RNA逆转录得到cDNA并扩增获得特异性片段,回收纯化后亚克隆到pMD-18T载体上。测序后经序列比对分析表明,所得到的序列是胭脂鱼胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)cDNA片段,共489bp,包括该基因完整的开放阅读框(ORF)486bp,编码162个氨基酸。氨基酸序列与其他鲤形目鱼类具有较高的同源性,对胭脂鱼IGF-Ⅰ在一些组织中的表达研究发现,IGF-Ⅰ在肝中表达最多,其次是胰、性腺,在脑、垂体、鳃、心、脾中也有不同程度的表达,而在肠、肾、肌肉中的表达不十分明显。     

人丙氨酸氨基转移酶同工酶在人体组织中的分布

文中拟通过采用基因重组技术获得ALT1和ALT2同工酶重组蛋白,分别制备筛选出高特异性、高活性的ALT1和ALT2单克隆抗体(ALT1单克隆抗体已成功制备并发表),初步探讨ALT1和ALT2同工酶在人体组织中的定位、分布及表达情况。采用RT-PCR方法从人肝癌细胞(HepG2)中扩增ALT2基因,将成熟的ALT2基因亚克隆至pET32a-ALT2原核表达载体中,并将其连接产物转化至BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中经IPTG诱导表达ALT2蛋白,镍柱(Ni+)亲和层析法纯化ALT2重组蛋白。ALT2重组蛋白免疫Balb/c小鼠,选取阳性血清小鼠脾细胞和骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行细胞融合,间接ELISA法挑选阳性细胞株,有限稀释法进行亚克隆,采用亲和层析柱法纯化ALT2抗体。通过RT-PCR和Western blotting方法检测ALT1和ALT2在人体正常组织中的表达和分布,研究结果显示组织中的ALT同工酶基因在mRNA水平和蛋白水平上的表达几乎一致。ALT1在肝脏、肾脏、骨骼肌高表达,胃肠道平滑肌中等表达;ALT2在脂肪、骨骼肌、心肌中高表达,胃肠道平滑肌低表达。免疫组化研究表明,ALT...     

Turbidity generation and biological impacts of an exotic fish Carassius auratus, introduced into shallow seasonally anoxic ponds

Over the last decade, goldfish Carassius auratus L., have been introduced into lakes and ponds in the Montreal region. Controlled experiments compared the impact of goldfish in both mud-and gravel-bottomed outdoor pools, with either caged or non-caged vegetation. High levels of turbidity were generated by foraging goldfish in mud pools (P<0.01). All non-caged submersed plants ( Potamogeton ) showed extensive grazing damage and all of the unprotected submersed and emergent forms were uprooted. Data from Stoneycroft pond where a feral goldfish population reached 15–17 000 individuals ha^-1, confirmed the experimental findings showing goldfish to be benthic herbivores, causing a visible increase in turbidity and decrease in aquatic vegetation. Gut analysis revealed goldfish to have little diet overlap with native amphibians. High turbidity should reduce the success of predators feeding on goldfish, and may decrease the foraging success of other competitors. The sporadic distribution of goldfish in Canada may be linked to site characteristics, specifically the susceptibility of the area to turbidity generation.     

呼吸道合胞病毒融合蛋白F1和截短F1蛋白的表达差异研究

目的构建呼吸道合胞病毒融合蛋白F1和截短F1蛋白的原核表达载体,并对它们在大肠杆菌中的表达差异进行了初步研究。方法用DNAstar软件对呼吸道合胞病毒F1蛋白进行亲疏水性和抗原表位可能性分析后,将其两端的疏水区域截去之后与pET-42b(+)构建表达载体,同时用相同的表达系统构建F1蛋白的表达载体并将2种重组蛋白进行诱导表达。实验对2种蛋白在Rossata/pET-42b(+)菌株中的表达难易度、表达形式及初步洗涤的包涵体纯度进行了比较。结果与F1蛋白相比,截短的F1蛋白相对更容易表达,表达的可溶性蛋白含量更高,洗涤纯化后的包涵体纯度也更高。结论呼吸道合胞病毒F1蛋白截去两端疏水氨基酸后更容易表达,为后期蛋白的大量制备及其免疫原性研究奠定了基础。     

菘蓝属植物的同工酶分析及其系统学意义

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,比较了菘蓝属（Isatis L.)5种2变种1多倍体品种及1外类群种共计20个样本的酯酶同工酶和超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的酶谱差异,并运用数量分类学的原理和方法对酶谱数据进行了聚类分析。20个样本的酯酶同工酶酶谱共有18条酶带,可分为慢带区（A区）、中带区（B区）和快带区（C区）3个区,其中A区的Rf0.09酶带为所有样本共有,而B区和C区不仅酶带数多,而且活性较强,并表现出很大差异。20个样本的超氧化物歧化酶同工酶酶谱有8条酶带,略有差异。聚类分析结果表明,20个样本被明显分成10组,与形态性状分类结果基本一致。利用酶带的有无、酶带的活性差异以及聚类分析结果,可以初步作出菘蓝属类群间亲缘关系的判定。     

Torque generation and utilization in motor enzyme F0F1-ATP synthase: half-torque F1 with short-sized pushrod helix and reduced ATP Synthesis by half-torque F0F1

ATP synthase (F(0)F(1)) is made of two motors, a proton-driven motor (F(0)) and an ATP-driven motor (F(1)), connected by a common rotary shaft, and catalyzes proton flow-driven ATP synthesis and ATP-driven proton pumping. In F(1), the central γ subunit rotates inside the α(3)β(3) ring. Here we report structural features of F(1) responsible for torque generation and the catalytic ability of the low-torque F(0)F(1). (i) Deletion of one or two turns in the α-helix in the C-terminal domain of catalytic β subunit at the rotor/stator contact region generates mutant F(1)s, termed F(1)(1/2)s, that rotate with about half of the normal torque. This helix would support the helix-loop-helix structure acting as a solid "pushrod" to push the rotor γ subunit, but the short helix in F(1)(1/2)s would fail to accomplish this task. (ii) Three different half-torque F(0)F(1)(1/2)s were purified and reconstituted into proteoliposomes. They carry out ATP-driven proton pumping and build up the same small transmembrane ΔpH, indicating that the final ΔpH is directly related to the amount of torque. (iii) The half-torque F(0)F(1)(1/2)s can catalyze ATP synthesis, although slowly. The rate of synthesis varies widely among the three F(0)F(1)(1/2)s, which suggests that the rate reflects subtle conformational variations of individual mutants.     

Bioaccumulation and ROS generation in liver of Carassius auratus, exposed to phenanthrene

In the present study, the bioaccumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were studied after fish (Carassius auratus) were exposed to different concentrations (0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.1 mg/L) of phenanthrene for 4 days. The accumulation of phenanthrene in liver increased with the exposure concentration (R(2)=0.88). A secondary spin trapping technique was used followed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis, to study the ROS production. The ROS generated in fish liver after exposure to phenanthrene was identified as hydroxyl radical ((*)OH). The (*)OH signal intensity of the EPR spectrum showed a significant increase (p<0.05) compared to the control when the phenanthrene concentration was as low as 0.05 mg/L. A good positive relationship (R(2)=0.97) was found between the (*)OH formation and exposure concentrations. The changes of the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) also were detected. The results clearly indicated that phenanthrene could induce (*)OH generation and result in oxidative stress in liver of fish.     

Substance P-, F8Famide-, and A18Famide-like immunoreactivity in the nervus terminalis and retina of the goldfish Carassius auratus

We re-investigated the occurrence of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the retina of the goldfish Carassius auratus using antisera to substance P and other tachykinins. Most antisera labelled a previously described single class of mono-stratified amacrine cells arborizing in layer 3 of the inner plexiform layer. Preabsorption experiments showed that these amacrine cells contained at least one tachykinin-like peptide. One antiserum (INC 353) to substance P labelled not only these amacrine cells but also fibres in layer 1 of the inner plexiform layer and fibres in the optic nerve. These fibres were identified as retinopetal projections of the nervus terminalis, in part because of colocalized labelling with antisera against gonadotropin-releasing hormone and FMRFamide. Preabsorption experiments showed that the substance P-immunoreactive material in the nervus terminalis was not substance P or any other typical tachykinin. Labelling of the nervus terminalis with INC 353 was blocked by preabsorption with two bovine FMRFamide-like peptides, F8Famide and A18Famide, which contain a substance P(4–7)-like region. Antisera to F8Famide and A18Famide strongly labelled ganglia of the nervus terminalis and retinopetal fibres. We suggest that labelling of the nervus terminalis by antisera to substance P and FMRFamide occurs because of homologies between these antigens and a non-tachykinin, endogenous peptide that is similar to F8Famide and A18Famide.     

猪POU1F1基因部分序列变异和同源性分析

对长白、杜洛克、约克夏、姜曲海、梅山和香猪等六个猪种的POU1F1基因第四、第五和第六外显子分别进行PCR扩增,并对含有第四、第六外显子的PCR产物和含有第五外显子的克隆产物进行测序。结果表明：六个猪种中,POU1F1基因的第四外显子存在碱基突变,为T→C。对该序列进行Nla Ⅲ 酶消化,产生两种不同的基因型(GG和HH);而第五和第六外显子则高度保守,未发现任何突变。将人POU1F1基因第四外显子、POU同源区核苷酸编码序列和氨基酸序列,分别与猪、小鼠、牛的POU1F1基因相应的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列进行同源性比较,结果发现：人与猪、小鼠、牛的POU1F1基因第四外显子的核苷酸同源性分别高达93.9%、86.7%、92.1%,而由第四外显子编码的部分POU特异区的氨基酸序列则完全一致;人与猪、小鼠、牛POU同源区的核苷酸同源性分别为91.4%、85.1%、87.9%,氨基酸同源性分别为96.6%、94.8%、90.2%。这说明在哺乳动物中,其POU1F1蛋白的POU同源区和由第四外显子编码的POU特异区部分是高度保守的;猪可作为实验动物,建立人类相关疾病模型,为医学研究提供参考依据。     

禽源大肠杆菌的分离及其毒力因子的检测

从临床疑似大肠杆菌感染的病禽组织中分离到69株细菌(其中鹅源29株,鸡源40株);通过常规形态学、培养特性和生化特征的研究,确定为大肠杆菌。PCR检测表明,其中46株(66.7%)为F1 大肠杆菌,10株(14.5%)为F1 HPI 大肠杆菌,2株(2.9%)为HPI 大肠杆菌;通过比较还发现,F1菌毛和HPI在鹅源和鸡源大肠杆菌中以及不同脏器来源的菌株中具有相似的分子流行病学。O抗原鉴定结果表明鹅源大肠杆菌的O抗原型主要有O26、O78、O18、O117,鸡源大肠杆菌的O抗原型主要有O109、O24、O18、O139、O78。药敏试验表明,其中绝大多数菌株对先锋霉素V、呋喃妥因、庆大霉素敏感,对环丙沙星因菌株差异而不同,林可霉素、四环素、多粘菌素多不敏感。