黑曲霉β—葡萄糖苷酶的提纯与性质

从黑曲霉Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｎｉｇｅｒ发酵液中分离提纯了β－葡萄糖苷酶。提纯步骤通过（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４分级沉淀,ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ－５０和Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－１００等三步纯化,得到凝胶电泳均一的β－葡萄糖苷酶。     

人工合成的黑曲霉NRRL3135菌株植酸酶基因在毕酵母系统中的高效表达

本文以黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger)NRRL3135菌株植酸酶基因为对象,通过基因人工合成的方法去除了该基因的内含子与信号肽编码序列,换用在毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）中使用频率较高的密码子以优化其表达。该人工合成植酸酶基因（PhyA-as)以N端融合的方式正确插入到毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA。通过电击将重组表达载体整合人酵母染色体DNA中得到重组转化子。SDS－PAGE结果与表达产物酶这性质研究表明植酸酶得到分泌表达,且与天然产物性质基本一致。筛选得若干株高产基因工程菌,其中SPAN－Ⅲ菌株达到了在摇庆培养条件下,每毫升发酵液产生165000u植酸酶的水平,基本满足工业化生产的要求。     

浊度法测定发酵液中L－苯丙氨酸含量

本文介绍浊度测定发酵液中Ｌ－苯丙氨酸含量的方法。根据指示菌生长的细胞密度与生长培养基内所含的苯丙氨酸量在一定浓度范围内呈线性关系的原理,摸索了浊度测定的最适条件。结果表明浊度法测定发酵液中的苯丙氨酸含量,简便、准确性高。     

大肠杆菌发酵重组人白细胞介素—2的高密度表达

利用美国NBS公司BibFloⅢ型发酵罐,采用连续流加的方法培养能表达IL-2的E．coli,结果细菌温重达100g／L发酵液,IL－2活性达1．52×1010U／L发酵液。     

单斜Al－（L－丙氨酸）胰岛素初步晶体学研究

用微量气相扩散方法在含酚的柠檬酸缓冲体系中,得到了可供Ｘ射线晶体学分析用的Ａｌ－（Ｌ－丙氨酸）胰岛素晶体,晶体衍射能力为２．５Ａ。经Ｘ射线衍射分析确定,该晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群为Ｐ２_１,晶胞参数：ａ＝６１．５Ａ,ｂ＝６２．２Ａ,ｃ＝４８．３Ａ,α＝γ＝９０．０°,β＝１１０．９°。晶胞中每个结晶学不对称单位含有一个Ａｌ－（Ｌ－丙氨酸）胰岛素六聚体。     

一株具有纤溶活性的枯草杆菌(Bacillus Subtilis)的研究——液体发酵条件的选择

本文主要报告了,以ＢａｃｉｌｕｓＳｕｂｔｉｌｉｓＨＷ－１２为试验菌株,在液体发酵中,所确定的发酵条件为：碳源是木糖,氮源是大豆胰蛋白胨,发酵液ｐＨ７．０,培养温度３７℃,培养时间９６小时。在这样的发酵条件下,该菌产酶活力为２００尿激酶单位／毫升发酵液 。     

香菇C_（91－3）菌发酵液小鼠体内外抗肿瘤作用的研究

香菇Ｃ_（９１－３）菌是我们多年筛选出的一株经生物发酵后,其发酵液具有明显的抗肿瘤、抗细菌作用的真菌。研究结果表明：该发酵液具有明显体外抗肿瘤作用的活性物质。对ＭＨ_（１３４）、Ｘ５５５３、Ｃａ７６１／Ｌ、ＹＡＣ－１、Ｈ_（２２）、Ｋ５６２抑瘤率为７６．７～１００％。在体内抗肿瘤实验中,采用Ｈ_（２２）、Ｓ１８０腹水瘤的研究中,小鼠存活率分别为４０％、４５％。本文还对香菇Ｃ_（９１－３）菌发酵液抗肿瘤的机理进行了探讨。     

海洋细菌Bacillus sp.2—羧基还原酶的纯化和性质

从一株海洋细菌Bacillus sp,中通过硫酸铵分级盐析,Q Sepharose FF阴离子交换层析,Hydroxyapatite柱层析和Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤,分离纯化出一种3－脱氧]葡糖醛酮代谢酶,定性为2－羧基醛还原酶,以粗酶液作起始,所获样品纯度提高141．4倍,活力回收率11．4％,2－羧基醛化合物对酶是特异性很好的底物,该酶对3－脱氧葡糖醛酮的Km和2.5mmol/L,分子量约为33kD,反应最适pH为6．2,在pH5．0－8．0,温度30℃以下酶活保持稳定,适量的ED－TA,巯基乙醇或二硫苏糖醇能提高酶的活性,碘乙酸,N-乙基顺丁烯二酰亚胺均造成酶部分失活。     

浊度法测定发酵液中L—苯丙氨酸含量

本介绍浊度测定发酵液中Ｌ－苯丙氨酸含量的方法,根据指示菌生长的细胞密度与生长培养基内所含的苯丙氨酸量在一定浓度范围内呈线性关系的原理,摸索了浊度最和达条件,结果表明浊度法测定发酵液中的苯丙氨酸含量,简便,准确性高。     

甘油转化生产1,3-丙二醇发酵液中甘油含量的测定

对文献介绍滴定法测定甘油的方法进行了改进,使之能够用于1,3－丙二醇发酵液中甘油含量测定。实验表明,化学滴定法测定结果具有较好的准确性和重复性,与酶法和变色酸比色法相比,测定结果接近,化学滴定法测定发酵液中甘油含量是一个较为经济简便的方法。     

Influence of benzylamine on the resolution of ibuprofen with (+)-(R)-phenylethylamine via supercritical fluid extraction

The resolution of racemic ibuprofen was studied by partial diastereomer salt formation. The resolution was performed via two methods: resolution with (+)-(R)-phenylethylamine as chiral agent and resolution with a mixture of (+)-(R)-phenylethylamine and benzylamine. The diastereomers and unreacted enantiomers were separated by supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide at 15 MPa and 33 degrees C. The influence of the achiral benzylamine on the resolution efficiency was studied by varying the concentrations of the structurally related amines in their mixtures, keeping the sum molar ratio of the amines to racemic ibuprofen constant at 0.55 +/- 0.02. The presence of benzylamine positively influenced the resolution efficiency at certain concentrations. The crystal structure of the salts of (+)-(R)-phenylethylamine with (-)-(R)-ibuprofen and (+)-(S)-ibuprofen, respectively, as well as the cocrystal of the benzylamine-ibuprofen salt with neutral ibuprofen molecules are presented. These structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, proving the significantly different stoichiometry of the related amines with the chiral acid, in accordance with mass balance calculations.     

苏芸金杆菌广谱杀虫Tml3—14菌株晶体毒素及毒力特性

以新筛选的对鞘翅目,鳞翊目、双翅目均具毒性的B.t.Tml3-14菌株为材料,用HD-1、3370-1为参考菌株,比较了伴孢晶体蛋白的多肽组成,以及经三种昆虫肠道酶降解产生的抗酶多肽组分。SDS-PAGE分析表明：Tml3-14晶体蛋白含1 38kD、l 32kD主要成分和65kD次要我分。其晶体分别由三种昆虫肠道酶消化产生的毒性多肽,经生物测定,杀家蚕的毒性成分为68.5kD、59kD多肽;杀斜纹夜蛾毒性成分为71kD,67kD和59.6kD多肽;杀马铃薯瓢虫毒性成分为69kD、65kD多肽。它与HD01、3370-1晶体均有明显差异。     

Crystal structure of truncated Fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanase in complex with beta-1,3-1,4-cellotriose

Fibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanase (Fsbeta-glucanase) catalyzes the specific hydrolysis of beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds adjacent to beta-1,3 linkages in beta-D-glucans or lichenan. This is the first report to elucidate the crystal structure of a truncated Fsbeta-glucanase (TFsbeta-glucanase) in complex with beta-1,3-1,4-cellotriose, a major product of the enzyme reaction. The crystal structures, at a resolution of 2.3 angstroms, reveal that the overall fold of TFsbeta-glucanase remains virtually unchanged upon sugar binding. The enzyme accommodates five glucose residues, forming a concave active cleft. The beta-1,3-1,4-cellotriose with subsites -3 to -1 bound to the active cleft of TFsbeta-glucanase with its reducing end subsite -1 close to the key catalytic residues Glu56 and Glu60. All three subsites of the beta-1,3-1,4-cellotriose adopted a relaxed C(1)4 conformation, with a beta-1,3 glycosidic linkage between subsites -2 and -1, and a beta-1,4 glycosidic linkage between subsites -3 and -2. On the basis of the enzyme-product complex structure observed in this study, a catalytic mechanism and substrate binding conformation of the active site of TFsbeta-glucanase is proposed.     

Theaflavin protects against oxalate calcium-induced kidney oxidative stress injury via upregulation of SIRT1

Renal tubular cell injury induced by calcium oxalate (CaOx) is a critical initial stage of kidney stone formation. Theaflavin (TF) has been known for its strong antioxidative capacity; however, the effect and molecular mechanism of TF against oxidative stress and injury caused by CaOx crystal exposure in kidneys remains unknown. To explore the potential function of TF on renal crystal deposition and its underlying mechanisms, experiments were conducted using a CaOx nephrocalcinosis mouse model established by glyoxylate intraperitoneal injection, and HK-2 cells were subjected to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals, with or without the treatment of TF. We discovered that TF treatment remarkably protected against CaOx-induced kidney oxidative stress injury and reduced crystal deposition. Additionally, miR-128-3p expression was decreased and negatively correlated with SIRT1 level in mouse CaOx nephrocalcinosis model following TF treatment. Moreover, TF suppressed miR-128-3p expression and further abolished its inhibition on SIRT1 to attenuate oxidative stress in vitro. Mechanistically, TF interacted with miR-128-3p and suppressed its expression. In addition, miR-128-3p inhibited SIRT1 expression by directly binding its 3''-untranslated region (UTR). Furthermore, miR-128-3p activation partially reversed the acceerative effect of TF on SIRT1 expression. Taken together, TF exhibits a strong nephroprotective ability to suppress CaOx-induced kidney damage through the recovery of the antioxidant defense system regulated by miR-128-3p/SIRT1 axis. These findings provide novel insights for the prevention and treatment of renal calculus.     

苍白秤钩风(Diploclisia Glaucescens)中的木脂素——左旋丁香脂素的晶体结构研究

通过X 射线单晶衍射法测定了标题化合物的晶体结构。结果表明 :晶体属正交晶系 ,P2 12 12 1空间群 ,a =8 6 0 10 (3) ,b =13 0 830 (9) ,c =18 1130 (11) ,V =2 0 38 2 0 (2 0 ) 3 ,Z =4 ,Mr =4 18 4 9,Dx =1 36 9g/cm3 ,λ(MoKα) =0 710 73 ,μ(MoKα) =1 12cm-1,F(0 0 0 ) =888。在 0 <2θ <5 0°范围内共收集了 1988个独立衍射点 ,其中可观测衍射点 196 3个 [Ⅰ≥ 8σ(Ⅰ ) ]。晶体结构用直接法解出 ,经全矩阵最小二乘法修正 ,最终偏离因子Rf=0 0 6 2 ,Rw=0 0 5 5。     

Crystal packing driven by metal-ligand interactions, hydrogen bonds, π-π stacking and anion-π stacking

Two polymeric copper(II) compounds have been synthesized with the ligand bis(pyrimidin-2yl)amine (dipm), by means of coordination bonds, Watson-Crick type hydrogen bond interactions and π-π stacking. Both supramolecules hold the same cationic building block, namely [Cu(dipm)₂(H₂O)₂]²⁺. However, their crystal structure significantly differs and this variation apparently arises from the nature of the anion which induces dissimilar crystal packings. The crystal growth is driven by several synergistic intermolecular interactions, i.e., coordination and hydrogen bonds, π-π and anion-π stacks.     

凝胶法生长溶菌酶晶体的研究

凝胶介质可以排除或削弱晶体生长过程中重力引起的对流和沉淀现象,用凝胶法生长生物大分子晶体是一种新的探索。使用类似于悬滴汽相扩散的方法,凝胶中生长出单个较大的外形发育完善且高度对称的鸡蛋清溶菌酶晶体。ＭＰＤ在凝胶中对溶菌酶结晶与溶液中具有相似的抑核作用。排循照像实验表明,凝胶法生长的晶体具有较强的衍射能力。     

Structural basis of the suppressed catalytic activity of wild-type human glutathione transferase T1-1 compared to its W234R mutant

The crystal structures of wild-type human theta class glutathione-S-transferase (GST) T1-1 and its W234R mutant, where Trp234 was replaced by Arg, were solved both in the presence and absence of S-hexyl-glutathione. The W234R mutant was of interest due to its previously observed enhanced catalytic activity compared to the wild-type enzyme. GST T1-1 from rat and mouse naturally contain Arg in position 234, with correspondingly high catalytic efficiency. The overall structure of GST T1-1 is similar to that of GST T2-2, as expected from their 53% sequence identity at the protein level. Wild-type GST T1-1 has the side-chain of Trp234 occupying a significant portion of the active site. This bulky residue prevents efficient binding of both glutathione and hydrophobic substrates through steric hindrance. The wild-type GST T1-1 crystal structure, obtained from co-crystallization experiments with glutathione and its derivatives, showed no electron density for the glutathione ligand. However, the structure of GST T1-1 mutant W234R showed clear electron density for S-hexyl-glutathione after co-crystallization. In contrast to Trp234 in the wild-type structure, the side-chain of Arg234 in the mutant does not occupy any part of the substrate-binding site. Instead, Arg234 is pointing in a different direction and, in addition, interacts with the carboxylate group of glutathione. These findings explain our earlier observation that the W234R mutant has a markedly improved catalytic activity with most substrates tested to date compared to the wild-type enzyme. GST T1-1 catalyzes detoxication reactions as well as reactions that result in toxic products, and our findings therefore suggest that humans have gained an evolutionary advantage by a partially disabled active site.     

莫桑鼻给非鲫滤泡闭锁中卵黄溶致液晶的缺陷

采用冰冻蚀刻电镜术揭示了莫桑鼻给非鲫滤泡闭锁过程中卵黄溶致液晶(YLLC)的缺陷.缺陷主要类型为共焦域、壁、位错(螺旋平动位错和刃位错)、向错、Grandjiean台阶和箍缩.讨论了生物体内YLLC缺陷产生的可能原因以及生物体内溶致液晶对生物膜性结构的形成和细胞内外物质运输的作用.     

Structural analyses and yeast production of the β-1,3-1,4-glucanase catalytic module encoded by the licB gene of Clostridium thermocellum

A thermophilic glycoside hydrolase family 16 (GH16) β-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Clostridium thermocellum (CtLic16A) holds great potentials in industrial applications due to its high specific activity and outstanding thermostability. In order to understand its molecular machinery, the crystal structure of CtLic16A was determined to 1.95 Å resolution. The enzyme folds into a classic GH16 β-jellyroll architecture which consists of two β-sheets atop each other, with the substrate-binding cleft lying on the concave side of the inner β-sheet. Two Bis–Tris propane molecules were found in the positive and negative substrate binding sites. Structural analysis suggests that the major differences between the CtLic16A and other GH16 β-1,3-1,4-glucanase structures occur at the protein exterior. Furthermore, the high catalytic efficacy and thermal profile of the CtLic16A are preserved in the enzyme produced in Pichia pastoris, encouraging its further commercial applications.