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Marie-Odile Desbiez 《Planta》1971,100(4):325-330
Summary Application of various growth substances to seedlings of Bidens with an inhibitory cotyledon causes a cotyledonary correlative stimulation. At the same time, if we measure the influence of these substances on the growth rate of the buds during the experiment, we see that the cotyledonary correlative stimulation is always associated with a decrease of this growth rate. If the control had an indifferent or stimulating cotyledon, the application of the same various substances either causes an increase of this cotyledonary correlative stimulation or brings about a cotyledonary correlative inhibition. In the first case a decrease of the growth rate is always noted, while the cotyledonary correlative inhibition is associated with an increase in the growth rate. 相似文献
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Marie Odile Desbiez 《Biologia Plantarum》1971,13(5-6):375-382
Pricking one of the cotyledons of aBidens pilosus L. (var.radiatus) seedling decapitated just above the cotyledons four times in succession induces after one minute the dominance of buds on the unaffected side. 相似文献
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Dr. Christian Charles Emig 《Zoomorphology》1974,77(4):317-335
Resume La fécondation est généralement interne chez les phoronidiens. La segmentation des ceufs est totale, egale (parfois légèrement inégale) et de type radiaire (avec quelquefois une apparence fortuite de segmentation spirale). La gastrula est formée par embolie. La bouehe derive de la zone blastoporale sans formation d'un vrai stomodeum. L'anus est mis en place par perforation de l'ectodersme et représente une néo-formation indépendante du blastopore. Le mesoderme est issu par proliferation cellulaire des regions antérieure et laterales de l'archentéron. Le protoccele est forme par des cellules mésodermiques se disposant le long de la paroi du lobe préoral. Le métaccele est issu probablement suivant les espèces d'une ou deux masses. La formation du mesoderme correspond á une variation de la méthode entéroccelique typique. Les phoronidiens doivent être considérés comme des deutérostomiens, d'après l'ensemble de nos résultats (voir aussi Emig, 1973).
Abbréviations des figures a anus - lp lobe préoral - ar archentéron - b blastoccele - ma mésoderme de la région anterieure de l'archentéron - ml mésoderme des régions latérales de l'archentéron - bl blastopore - mes cellule mésodermique - bo bouche - n ebauche des - n éphridiesect mesderme - s sophage - end endoderme - p protocle - est estomac - t ebauche des tentacules - g ebauche du ganglion nerveux - te tentacule - gn glandes nidamentaire - v vestibule - i intestin 相似文献
Observations and discussions on the embryonic Development in Phoronida
Summary Internal fertilization (in metaccelom) generally occurs in Phoronida. The eggs are extruded to the exterior through the nephridia, shed freely into the sea-water or retained in the lophophoral concavity. The cleavage of phoronid eggs is total, equal (or subequal) and radial (with sometimes fortuitous appearance of spiral cleavage patterns). The gastrula is formed by emboly. The mouth is derived from the anterior remnant of the blastopore without a true stomodeum. The anus arises by perforation, as an independent structure of the blastopore. The mesoderm formed by budding originates as isolated cells proliferated from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the archenteron. In the preoral hood appears a protoccel by mesodermal cells lining the walls of the blastoccel. The trunk clom (or metaccel) of Actinotrocha originates from one or two posterior masses of mesodermal cells. It is possible that the mode of formation of this coelom varies in respect to the different species. The mesoderm elaboration is considered as a modified enteroccelous method.The acceptance of Phoronida as deuterostomes is regarded as the logical consequence of the present considerations (see also Emig, 1973): radial cleavage, origin of mesoderm by a derived enteroccelous method, trimetamerous actinotrocha.
Abbréviations des figures a anus - lp lobe préoral - ar archentéron - b blastoccele - ma mésoderme de la région anterieure de l'archentéron - ml mésoderme des régions latérales de l'archentéron - bl blastopore - mes cellule mésodermique - bo bouche - n ebauche des - n éphridiesect mesderme - s sophage - end endoderme - p protocle - est estomac - t ebauche des tentacules - g ebauche du ganglion nerveux - te tentacule - gn glandes nidamentaire - v vestibule - i intestin 相似文献
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Madhava Das Mehrotra 《Mycopathologia》1970,42(3-4):213-223
Résumé L'effet des facteurs physiques et nutritionnels sur la production de sporanges et de sporangioles chezB. trispora a été étudiée. D'après les résultats les besoins nécessaires au développement de ces deux formes asexuées sont différents. Une température basse de 14° C et une illumination continue constituent les conditions optimales pour la production des sporangioles. Au contraire on obtient une meilleure formation des sporanges avec une température élevée (25°–30° C), et une illumination discontinue ou bien à l'obscurité. Les sporanges sont totalement absents à 14° C. Le milieu solide PDA est meilleur que le milieu synthétique liquide pour la sporulation du champignon.La croissance et la sporulation chez les cultures sur eau de pomme de terre gélosé (PDA) exposées à l'action continue de rayons ultra-violets à 14° C ont été presque normales. Si ce milieu est remplacé par l'extrait de malt gélosé (Difco), la croissance et la sporulation sont ralenties pendant les quatre premiers jours et le nombre de sporangioles unisporées est plus élevé.
The effect of physical and nutritional factors on the production of sporangia and sporangioles inB. trispora has been studied. The results showed that the requirements for the development of these structures were different. At 14° C, the production of sporangioles was excellent. Sporangia were altogether absent at this temperature. On the other hand, sporangia were produced fairly well at higher temperatures (25°–30° C), whereas sporangioles were totally absent. Sporangioles were present in insignificant number at 23° C. At 14° C, the production of sporangioles was better in continuous light than in complete darkness. At 18° and 21° C, the continuous light favoured the production of sporangioles and prevented significantly the formation of sporangia.The synthetic liquid medium used in the present investigation was not found to be good for sporulation, whereas potato dextrose agar medium proved to be a suitable medium for the study of asexual structures in this fungus. The results of the study of the effect of ultraviolet rays at 14° C, showed that with PDA there was no significant difference in the degree of sporulation between the cultures grown in the presence and in the absence of ultraviolet rays. But with malt extract agar medium (Difco), the production of sporangioles containing only one spore was stimulated by the ultraviolet rays.相似文献
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H. Montagner 《Insectes Sociaux》1962,9(1):91-99
Résumé Dans cet exposé, nous avons montré que des reines obtenues par double greffage ou hyper-reines sont élevées dans des cellules nettement plus grandes et beaucoup mieux acceptées par les Abeilles que les reines obtenues par simple greffage.En outre, les hyper-reines sont plus lourdes que les reines normales, si on considère l'ordre des éclosions successives.Elles ont aussi un nombre d'ovarioles plus important.Dès lors, il sera intéressant d'étudier systématiquement la ponte des deux sortes de reines et ainsi de vérifier si le nombre d'ovarioles plus élevé des hyper-reines correspond à une augmentation du taux de ponte.
Summary The results of these studies indicate that queens obtained after a double grafting (or Hyper-queens) are bred by the workers in higher and better adopted cells than queens obtained after a simple grafting.Besides, «Hyper-queens» are more weighty than the usual breeding queens, in relation to the order of the successive hatchings. They have also more ovarioles.Then, it will be interesting to study the egg-laying of each kind of queens, and so, to see if the number of the Hyper-queens'ovarioles is in relation to an increase in the rate of egg-laying.
Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag haben wir versucht, darzulegen, dass Königinnen, die man durch doppelte Uberpflanzung erzielt hat, oder sogenannte Hyperköniginnen, in Zellen erzogen werden, die entschieden grösser sind, und dass diese Königinnen von den Bienen viel leichter anerkannt werden als durch einfache Uberpflanzung erzeugte Königinnen. Dazu sind die Hyperköniginnen schwerer als die gewöhnlichen Königinnen, wenn man die Reinhenfolge der Ausschlüpfungen in Betracht zieht. Sie haben auch eine grössere Zahl Eischläuche.Im Rahmen der nächsten Forschungen wird es deshalb aufschlussreich sein, das Eierlegen der beiden Königinarten systematisch zu beobachten, und auf diese Weise nachzuprüfen, ob einer erhöhten Zahl Eischläuche bei den Hyperköniginnen ein erhöhtes Eierlegen entspricht.相似文献
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《Experimental cell research》1962,28(2):335-341
The activity of acid deoxyribonuclease and the mitotic indexes have been determined in the liver, spleen, kidneys and brain of rats killed 1 hr, 1, 2, 6, 21 and 49 days after birth. The activity of the enzyme expressed per mg DNA, i.e. per cell, is lower in the most actively dividing tissue (spleen). When expressed per mg protein, however, the specific activity of acid DNAase is always highest in the spleen and lowest in the brain, as is also the case for the mitotic indexes. In regenerating liver, the activity of acid DNase markedly increases at the 18th hr post-operation, at a time when no mitosis and no DNA synthesis are observed.A correlation between acid DNAase activity and rate of growth definitely exists in a homogeneous population of synchronized cells, but is not so unequivocal when one compares different organs exhibiting different rates of growth. 相似文献
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Effects of gibberellic acid and kinetic on α-amylase production during the germination of barley. - The action of gibberellic acid and kinetin, alone or combined at different concentrations, has been studied on α-amylase production in whole barley seedlings and in embryoless endosperms in course of the six first days of development in the dark. The classic activation of α-amylase synthesis by gibberellic acid has been confirmed both in whole seeds and in embryoless endosperms. Kinetin inhibits α-amylase synthesis after the third day of germination but has no effect on isolated endosperms. When gibberellic acid and kinetin are given simultaneously gibberellic acid stimulated during the three first days just as it does alone, kinetin inhibits after the third day also as it was alone so that the two regulators act, without interactions, at different stages in the time. These effects of kinetin are be independent. A critical examination of the techniques used in the literature in the stud of amylase is made. 相似文献
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《Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. Série III, Sciences de la vie》1997,320(4):329-338
The specific composition, downstream distribution and larval development of the Diptera Simuliidae from a Pyrenean river were studied upstream and downstream of a hydroelectric power plant with hypolimnetic releases. Duringpower generation, flow and temperature are the two main environmental factors modified. The downstream distribution of the species reflected both the impact of hydropeaking and the natural zonation. Twelve species were identified upstream from the power plant, only three 700 m below the outlet, and nine 3 500 m downstream. The life cycle patterns and the growth rates of the five dominating species were similar at the three sampling sites, and only slight differences in hatching and/or emergence periods were recorded. The Simuliidae of the Oriège complete their larval development during short periods when artificial thermal fluctuations have a minor effect on the populations, and their population structure and distribution are mainly governed by hydraulic disturbances. 相似文献
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Résumé L'action du chlorure de zinc, connue par les modifications morphogénétiques qu'elle entraîne chez des embryons de Vertébrés et d'Invertébrés, a été étudiée sur la différenciation sexuelle d'Eisenia foetida, hermaphrodite à gonades séparées.Il est apparu que le chlorure de zinc entraîne des inversions dans les testicules et les ovaires. Il favorise en outre le développement et le maintien d'une lignée germinale, en dehors des segments gonadiques normaux, tant dans le territoire présomptif mâle que dans le territoire présomptif femelle. La différenciation de cette lignée germinale supplémentaire a été étudiée. Les conclusions de ces recherches soulignent les difficultés d'application, au cas des Lombriciens, de la théorie de l'autodifférenciation de la lignée femelle.
Influence of zinc chloride on the inversion of sexes and the development and differentiation of additional germ elements inEisenia foetida Sav. (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)
Summary We have studied the effect of zinc chloride, known for the morphogenetic changes it causes in embryos of Vertebrates and Invertebrates, on the sexual differentiation ofEisenia foetida, a hermaphrodite with separate gonads.There was evidence that zinc chloride causes inversions in the testes and ovaries. It also helps the development and survival of a germ line outside the normal gonadal segments, in the presumptive male territory as well as in the presumptive female one. We have studied the differentiation of this additional germ line.The conclusions drawn from this study emphasize the difficulties of applying the theory of self-differentiation of the female line to the case of earthworms.相似文献