Chemical constituents from Cremanthodium brunneo-pilosum S. W. Liu

Fourteen compounds were isolated from Cremanthodium brunneo-pilosum, including two steroids (1 and 14), five sesquiterpenoids (2–6), six flavonoids (7–12) and one isoflavone (13). Graveolide (2) was obtained from a plant for the first time. 5,7-Dihydroxy-3,6,3′,4′-tetramethoxy-flavone (9), centaureidin (10) and tectoridin (13) have not been isolated from the family Compositae. The chemotaxonomic data support the relationship between this species and others in the family Compositae.     

Chemical constituents isolated from Valeriana officinalis L

Phytochemical investigations on the leaves of Valeriana officinalis L. led to the isolation of 18 compounds, including eight lignans (1–8), three sesquiterpenoids (9–11), five iridoids (12–16), and two aldehydes (17–18) The structure elucidation of isolated compounds was achieved on the basis of NMR and mass spectral data. Among them, three compounds (9–16, 18) are reported from V. officinalis for the first time and one compound (5) was isolated from the genus Valeriana for the first time. In addition, six compounds (2, 4, 6–8, 17) are isolated for the first time from Valerianaceae family. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds has also been discussed.     

Chemical constituents from Ilex urceolatus

Twenty-four compounds were obtained from the extract of the leaves of I. urceolatus, which were divided into saturated fatty alcohols (1 and 2), triterpenoids (3–8 and 14–16), lignanoids (9, 20 and 22), coumarins (10 and 19), flavonoids (11–13, 21, 23 and 24) and others (17 and 18). Among them, compounds 1, 2, 17 and 18 were firstly obtained from the genus Ilex, others were isolated from this species for the first time. The chemotaxonomic relationships between I. urceolatus and other species of genus Ilex were also discussed. As a result, the isolated compounds closely matched the ones obtained in other species of the genus.     

Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic study on Dictamnus angustifolius G. Don ex Sweet (Rutaceae)

A phytochemical investigation of Dictamnus angustifolius led to the isolation of 14 compounds, including six furoquinoline alkaloids (1–6), two sesquiterpenoids (7, 8) and six flavonoids (9–14). The structures of these compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods and a comparison of their data with those reported in the literature. This is the first report of three furoquinoline alkaloids 1–3 and six flavonoids 9–14 from the genus Dictamnus and the first isolation of compounds 4–8 from D. angustifolius. The chemotaxonomic significance of furoquinoline alkaloids and sesquiterpenoids has also been summarized.     

Chemical constituents from Gentianella turkestanorum (Gentianaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of Gentianella turkestanorum (Gentianaceae) afforded nineteen compounds, including six xanthones (1–6), two triterpenoids (7–8), eight flavones (9–16) and three iridoids (17–19). Here, we firstly reported that 1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone (4), 1, 8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (5), apigenin (9), quercetin (10), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (12) and three other compounds (1, 8-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (5), apigenin-7-O-gluco (1″ → 3‴) glucoside (15) and luteolin-7-O-gluco (1″ → 3‴) glucoside (16)) could be isolated from G. turkestanorum. The occurrence of chemical data and the sequence data might be employed as common constituents of the genera Gentianella, Lomatogonium and Swertia.     

Chemical constituents from the whole plant of Liparis japonica

A new lignanoid (1), together with six known lignanoids (2–7) and four known flavonoids (8–11), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Liparis japonica. Their structures were determined by analyzing the HRESIMS, NMR, CD spectroscopic data, and comparing with the reported literatures. Among them, 1 was a new compound, 2–11 were first isolated from L. japonica and the genus of Liparis. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolates was comprehensively discussed.     

Sesquiterpenoids and flavonoids from Pteris multifida Poir.

Phytochemical research of Pteris multifida Poir. led to the isolation of fifteen compounds, including six flavonoids (1–6) and nine sesquiterpenoids (7–15). Their structures were characterized by NMR, MS, ORD and CD data. Compounds kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-7-O-β-D-glucoside (1), myricetin 3-O-β-D-glucoside (2), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucoside (4), luteolin-7-O-β-D-rutinoside (5), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (6), (2S,3S)-12-hydroxypterosin Q (7), (2S,3S)-pterosin Q (8), 2-hydroxypterosin C (9) and (2S)-12-hydroxypterosin A (10) were first isolated from P. multifida, and compounds 1–2 and 10 were first isolated from the family Pteridaceae. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance of the isolates was discussed.     

Chemical constituents of Gardneria ovata wall

A phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of Gardneria ovata Wall resulted in the isolation and identification of 14 compounds, including three gardneria glycoalkaloids (1–2 and 6), seven gardneria alkaloids (3–5 and 7–10), and four oxindole alkaloids (11–14). The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS together with 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Compounds 1–2 and 11–14 are the first time reported from of G. ovate, while the compounds 3–4, 6, and 8 are also the characteristic secondary metabolites of the title plant. The chemotaxonomic significance and distribution of these monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Gardneria genus are discussed.     

Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Impatiens hypophylla Makino var. hypophylla

Seven flavonoids such as luteolin (1), luteolin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (2), luteolin 3'-O-β-glucopyranoside (3), chryseriol (4), apigenin (5), apigenin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (6) and astragalin (7) and one coumarin, scopoletin (8) were isolated from the aerial parts of Impatiens hypophylla Makino var. hypophylla (Family: Balsaminaceae). Structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. All these compounds were isolated for the first time from I. hypophylla var. hypophylla.     

Chemical constituents from Cymbaria dahurica L. (Scrophulariaceae)

Phytochemical study of Cymbaria dahurica L. afforded 16 compounds, including 12 flavonoids (1–12) and 4 iridoids (13–16). Structure elucidation of these compounds was generated by a combination of spectroscopic means (ESI-MS, ¹H and ¹³C NMR) and comparisons with the published data. This is the first report of isolation of compounds (1–6, 10–16) from C. dahurica and compounds (5, 10, 12) from the family Scrophulariaceae, respectively. The chemotaxonomic data can support the genus Cymbaria being accepted as a member of transitional taxa between the family Scrophulariaceae and Orobanchaceae.     

Chemical constituents from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk

A novel triterpenoid, cyclocarioside K, together with fifteen known compounds, including seven triterpenoids (2–8), five flavonoids (9–13), three phenolic derivatives (14–16), was obtained from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinsk (Juglandaceae). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including two-dimensional NMR experiments (HSQC DEPT and HMBC). The chemotaxonomic relationships were also discussed. As a result, 3, 4-secodammarane triterpenoids and kaempferol glycosides may represent phytochemical fingerprints for C. paliurus, and C. paliurus has close relationships with other species of Juglandaceae.     

Chemical constituents from the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge

The phytochemical investigations on the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida led to the isolation of 20 compounds, including seven triterpenoids (1-7), three hydroxycinnamic acids (8-10), three lignans (11-13) and seven flavonoids (14-20). All chemical structures were established on the basis of NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR) spectroscopic data. Meanwhile, compounds 3-12 are reported for the first time from Crataegus genus. In addition, compounds 10-11 are isolated from the family Rosaceae for the first time. On the basis of chemical research, the chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds has been discussed.     

Chemical constituents from Piper boehmeriifolium (Miq.) Wall. ex C. DC

The chemical investigation of whole plants Piper boehmeriifolium (Miq.) Wall. ex C. DC. led to the isolation of 22 compounds, including two lignans (1–2), sixteen amide alkaloids (3–18), one diterpene (19), two monoterpenes (20–21), and one phenylpropanoid (22). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including NMR, MS, and by comparison with the literature. Compounds 1–2, 6–7, 11–12, 14, and 17–22 were firstly isolated from P. boehmeriifolium, while compounds 2, and 19–20 were isolated from Piper genus for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds is discussed.     

Chemical constituents from Melodinus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. and their chemotaxonomic significance

A phytochemical investigation on the twigs and leaves of Melodinus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. resulted in the isolation and identification of 22 compounds, including seven sesamin-type lignans (1–7), three pentacyclic triterpenes (8–10), one anthraquinone (11), one flavanone (12), two phenolic compounds (13 and 14), five aspidosperma-type indole alkaloids (15–19), and three eburnan-type indole alkaloids (20–22). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis, including HREIMS together with 1D and 2D NMR experiments, and comparison with reported data. Among them, compounds 1/4, 2/5, and 3/6 are three pairs epimers at C-7''. Compounds 1–6, 8 and 11 were firstly isolated from the family Apocynaceae, whereas 17 was isolated from Melodinus species for the first time. Compound 8 was only found in Juglans hopeiensis, while 11 was only found in roots of Rubia cordifolia. Compounds 1–6, 8, 11 and 15–22 could be considered as chemotaxonomic markers for M. cochinchinensis. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance and distribution of these isolates in Melodinus genus are discussed in detail.     

Chemical constituents from Stenosolenium saxatile (Pall.) Turcz. (Boraginaceae)

Chemical investigation on the whole plants of Stenosolenium saxatile led to the isolation of three naphthoquinones (1–3), five pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) (4–8), and six phenolic acids (9–14). The structure of the isolated compounds was elucidated by different spectrometric methods (¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and ESI-MS). These results are the first chemical data on constituents of this genus. The chemotaxonomic relationships between the genera Stenosolenium, Onosma, Arnebia, Echium and Lithospermum are also discussed.     

Chemical constituents from Scutellaria hainanensis C. Y. Wu

Seventeen compounds were obtained from the extract of the whole plant of Scutellaria hainanensis C. Y. Wu. Including eleven flavonoids (1–4 and 7–13), two phenylpropanoids (16 and 17), one pyridinium derivative (5), one ester (6), one phenolic derivative (14), and one lignanoid (15). Compound 5 was a synthetic intermediate, newly identified as a natural product. The chemotaxonomic relationship between S. hainanensis C. Y. Wu and other species of genus Scutellaria were also discussed. As a result, the isolated glycoside compounds closely matched the ones obtained in other species of the genus.     

Fragrant Volatile Sesquiterpenoids Isolated from the Essential Oil of Laggera pterodonta by Using Olfactory‐Guided Fractionation

Chemical composition of the essential oil from Laggera pterodonta (Compositae) was inverstigated. GC/MS Analyses led to the identification of 68 components, representing more than 96% of the total oil. By focusing on the woody note fraction of the essential oil, one new bisabolane‐type sesquiterpenoid, bisabola‐2,7(14),11‐trien‐10‐ol ( 1 ), together with ten known compounds, bisabolol oxide B ( 2 ), ylangenol ( 3 ), copaborneol ( 4 ), guai‐11‐en‐10‐ol ( 5 ), spathulenol ( 6 ), aromadendran‐10‐ol ( 7 ), caryophyllenol ( 8 ), 5α,7α‐eudesm‐11(13)‐en‐4α‐ol ( 9 ), γ‐costic acid ( 10 ), and eudesma‐4(15),11(13)‐diene‐12,5β‐olide ( 11 ), were isolated by using olfactory‐guided fractionation. The structures of the eleven compounds were determined by NMR and MS analyses. All the volatile compounds reported here were isolated for the first time from this plant. On the basis of preliminary odor assessment, the odor of the woody‐note fractions of the essential oil was assumed to be due to these isolated sesquiterpenoids.     

Chemical constituents from Polygonatum odoratum

Twenty-two compounds, including five homoisoflavanones (1–3, 7 and 8), three isoflavones (9–11), flavone glycoside (19), one triterpenoid aglycon (5), two steroidal sapogenins (4, 6), five steroidal saponins (12, 13, 20–22), three lignanoids (14, 17 and 18) and two fatty acids (15 and 16) were isolated from the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and by comparison of the reported spectral data. Additionally, the relationships between this plant and other species from Liliaceae family have also been discussed on the basis of the given compounds.     

Chemical constituents from Euphorbia stracheyi Boiss

The chemical investigation of whole plants Euphorbia stracheyi Boiss. led to the isolation of 14 compounds, including eight diterpenes (1–8), one monoterpene (9), three coumarins (10–12), and two phenols (13–14). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with the literature. Compounds 1–6, and 8–12 were firstly isolated from E. stracheyi, while compounds 6, and 9 were isolated from Euphorbia genus for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds is discussed.