Periprosthetic bone remodelling of a collum femoris preserving cementless titanium femoral hip replacement

Total hip arthroplasty represents a major surgical achievement for pain relief and restoration of lifestyle quality due to the joint disease of osteoarthritis. Total hip replacement has evolved over the past 30 years utilising a variety of biocompatible materials, geometric shapes and fixation techniques. The main objective of this study is to investigate the long-term effects of strain adaptive bone remodelling due to the influence of a novel titanium cementless femoral hip replacement. The period of on-growth has been taken into account and the simulation has been run to predict the remodelling behaviour for a 36-month period. The main conclusion from this analysis is that the implant does shield the calcar to a similar degree as other cementless femoral hip designs. It does, however, tend to cause bone to be laid down along its length. This may, in part, be due to the novel geometry of the implant interlocking with and loading the bone.     

A long-lasting bisphosphonate partially protects periprosthetic bone,but does not enhance initial stability of uncemented femoral stems: A randomized placebo-controlled trial of women undergoing total hip arthroplasty

Low bone quality may compromise the success of cementless total hip arthroplasty in high-risk patients such as elderly women. Zoledronic acid is a long-lasting antiresorptive agent, which is known to reduce short-term periprosthetic bone loss. However, its effect on femoral stem stability is not well known. Forty-nine female patients with a mean age of 68 years (range, 51–85 years) scheduled to undergo cementless total hip arthroplasty due to osteoarthritis were randomized in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to receive a single postoperative infusion of zoledronic acid or placebo. Patients were evaluated for up to four years postoperatively for femoral stem migration measured by radiostereometric analysis, bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry, functional recovery, and patient-reported outcome scores. Implant survival was determined at nine years postoperatively. Zoledronic acid did not reduce the femoral stem migration that occurred predominantly during the settling period of the first 3–6 months. Subsequently, all femoral stems were radiographically osseointegrated. Zoledronic acid maintained periprosthetic BMD, while the expected loss of periprosthetic bone during the first 12 months was found in controls. Thereafter, periprosthetic BMD of Gruen zone 7 decreased even in the zoledronic acid group but remained 14.6% higher than that in the placebo group at four years postoperatively. Functional recovery was comparable across the groups. At nine years postoperatively, no revision arthroplasty had been performed. In conclusion, in women at high-risk for low BMD, zoledronic acid had a long-lasting, partially protective effect on periprosthetic bone loss, but the treatment did not enhance the initial femoral stem stability.     

阿仑膦酸钠联合阿法骨化醇对预防全髋关节置换术后患者骨矿物质流失的疗效

目的：探讨初次行全髋关节置换术后使用阿仑膦酸钠单一用药或阿仑膦酸钠与阿法骨化醇联合用药对患者假体周围骨矿物 质流失的疗效。方法：将60 名患者按照随机数字表法分为阿仑膦酸钠单一药物治疗组（n=18）、阿仑膦酸钠和阿法骨化醇联合治 疗组（n=20）和无药物治疗组（n=22）。术后1、12、24 和48 周,对患者假体周围骨矿物质密度（BMD）和生化标志物进行检测,比较 检测区域测量值的变化。结果：单个测量周期中,单一药物治疗组和联合药物治疗组在股骨矩区域的BMD 均高于无药物治疗组 （P＜0.01）。单一药物治疗组和联合药物治疗组尿Ⅰ型胶原N端肽的血浆浓度与骨碱性磷酸酶浓度显著低于无药物治疗组（P＜ 0.01）。结论：单一药物治疗和联合治疗能显著预防假体周围的骨矿物质流失,尤其对预防股骨矩位置的骨矿物质流失效果显著。     

Detection of living cells in non-processed but deep-frozen bone allografts

Impacted morselized donor bone is successfully used to treat bone loss in revision total hip arthroplasties. It is generally thought, but not proven, that the processing and storage at –80 °C of the donor bone kills all cells. Because of the risk of contamination and to increase our understanding about the process of new bone formation after revision total hip arthroplasty, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the donor bone does contain vital cells. Samples from 11 femoral heads were obtained according to the American and European standards of bone banking, and tested for their capacity to give rise to proliferating cells, using tissue culture methods. All bone samples were stored at – 80°C for a minimum of 6 months. Bone sample cores were morselized and cultured for 6 weeks. Inverted phase contrast microscopy was used to evaluate cell growth. DNA marker analysis was used to confirm celluar identity.All bank bone samples gave rise to cell growth. The cell cultures showed osteoblastic characteristics in that they expressed high levels of alkaline phosphatase activity. DNA marker analysis showed identical alleles for cultured cells from frozen bone and freshly obtained buccal cells from the same donor, indicating that the cells growing from the banked bone were indeed originating from the donor tissue. It was therefore concluded that –80 °C freezing of bone tissue does not routinely kill cells within the tissue.     

Influence of ingrowth regions on bone remodelling around a cementless hip resurfacing femoral implant

Hip resurfacing arthroplasty is an alternative to traditional hip replacement that can conserve proximal bone stock and has gained popularity but bone resorption may limit implant survival and remains a clinical concern. The goal of this study was to analyze bone remodelling patterns around an uncemented resurfacing implant and the influence of ingrowth regions on resorption. A computed tomography-derived finite element model of a proximal femur with a virtually implanted resurfacing component was simulated under peak walking loads. Bone ingrowth was simulated by six interface conditions: fully bonded; fully friction; bonded cap with friction stem; a small bonded region at the stem-cup intersection with the remaining surface friction; fully frictional, except for a bonded band along the distal end of the cap and superior half of the cap bonded with the rest frictional. Interface condition had a large influence on remodelling patterns. Bone resorption was minimized when no ingrowth occurred at the bone-implant interface. Bonding only the superior half of the cap increased bone resorption slightly but allowed for a large ingrowth region to improve secondary stability.     

骨保留型短柄假体行全髋关节置换手术早期疗效观察

目的:探讨骨保留型股骨短柄假体行全髋关节置换手术的近期疗效及临床体会。方法:自2013年1月~2015年3月,首次接受人工全髋关节置换术共30例患者(38髋),年龄38~70岁,均采用后外侧入路。通过比较术前、术后髋关节Harris评分、骨性关节炎指数可视化量表(WOMAC),评价手术疗效。结果:术后所有患者均获得随访,最少6月,最长33月,平均19.5月。术后髋关节疼痛均明显好转,随访期内无严重并发症发生。髋关节Harris评分:术前45.3±4.3,术后末次随访94.1±5.4。术后末次随访Harris评分较术前改善明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后3~4个月所有患者可以全负重行走。1例术中股骨近端骨折,术后愈合良好,未留后遗症。所有病例未发现假体松动或感染。结论:骨保留型股骨短柄假体行全髋关节置换手术近期临床效果满意,无严重并发症。新型短柄假体设计符合人体解剖特征,骨量保留多,术后疗效好,为髋关节置换提供了一种新的选择。     

The implication of the osteolysis threshold and interfacial gaps on periprosthetic osteolysis in cementless total hip replacement

Osteolysis around joint replacements may develop due to migration of wear particles from the joint space into gaps between the interface bone and the implant where they can accumulate in high concentrations to cause tissue damage. Osteolysis may appear in various postoperative times and morphological shapes which can be generalized into linear and focal. However, there are no clear explanations on the causes of such variations. Patients’ degree of sensitivity to polyethylene particles (osteolysis thresholds), the local particle concentration and the access route provided by the interface gaps have been described as determining factors. To study their effects, a 2D computational fluid dynamics model of the hip joint capsule in communication with an interfacial gap and the surrounding bone was employed. Particles were presented using a discrete phase model (DPM). High capsular fluid pressure was considered as the driving force for particle migration. Simulations were run for different osteolysis thresholds ranging from $5\times {10}^8$ to $1\times {10}^{12}$ particle number per gram of tissue and fibrous tissue generation in osteolytic lesion due to particles was simulated for the equivalent of ten postoperative years. In patients less sensitive to polyethylene particles (higher threshold), osteolysis may be linear and occur along an interfacial gap in less than 5% of the interfacial tissue. Focal osteolysis is more likely to develop in patients with higher sensitivity to polyethylene particles at distal regions to an interfacial gaps where up to 80% of the interfacial tissue may be replaced by fibrous tissue. In these patients, signs of osteolysis may also develop earlier (third postoperative year) than those with less sensitivity who may show very minor signs even after ten years. This study shows the importance of patient sensitivity to wear particles, the role of interfacial gaps in relation to morphology and the onset of osteolysis. Consequently, it may explain the clinically observed variation in osteolysis development.     

人工全髋关节置换治疗成人髋关节发育不良并骨性关节炎的临床分析

目的:探讨人工全髋关节置换治疗成人髋关节发育不良并骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法:对2009年7月至2012年7月入住我院的60例成人髋关节发育不良并骨性关节炎患者行人工全髋关节置换术治疗。分析治疗优良率、手术前后不同Crowe分型Harris评分、手术前后行走及疼痛情况、手术前后生活质量。结果:1根据Harris评分,本组治疗优良率91.67%(55/60);2术后各Crowe分型患者Harris评分均显著高于术前,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);3本组术前自行行走及辅助行走例数分别为23及37例,术后分别为39例及21例;术前疼痛情况:无、轻、中及重度疼痛例数分别为1例、6例、22例及31例,术后分别为18例、28例、12及2例,手术前后行走情况及疼痛情况差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);4根据SF-36生活质量评价标准,术后生活质量评分为(142.16±10.32)分,显著高于术前(115.24±7.34)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:人工全髋关节置换治疗成人髋关节发育不良并骨性关节炎的临床疗效显著,术后患者髋关节功能及生活质量明显改善,应在临床上加以推广。     

Comparison between mechanical stress and bone mineral density in the femur after total hip arthroplasty by using subject-specific finite element analyses

The mechanism underling bone mineral density (BMD) loss that occurs in the femur after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains unknown. We compared the equivalent stress and strain energy density (SED) to BMD in the femur after THA using subject-specific finite element analyses. Twenty-four patients who had undergone primary cementless THA were analysed. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at 1 week and 3, 6 and 12 months after THA. Seven regions of interest (ROIs) were defined in accordance with Gruen's system (ROIs 1–7). Computed tomography images of the femurs were acquired pre- and postoperatively, and the images were converted into three-dimensional finite element (FE) models. Equivalent stress and SED were analysed and compared with DEXA data. BMD was maintained 1 year after THA in ROIs 3, 4, 5 and 6, whereas BMD decreased in ROIs 1, 2 and 7. FE analysis revealed that equivalent stress in ROIs 3, 4, 5 and 6 was much higher than that in ROIs 1, 2 and 7. A significant correlation was observed between the rate of changes in BMD and equivalent stress. Reduction of equivalent stress may contribute to decrease in BMD in the femur after THA.     

In vitro assessments of bone microcomputed tomography in an aged male rat model supplemented with Panax ginseng

Recent research has confirmed that Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) has effect on cultured osteoblast of the mouse. In this study we aim to validate the usefulness of tibia quantification by correlating micro-computed tomographic (microCT) images with histology analysis in the aged male rats. A total of thirty – old male WISTAR rats were used and divided into ten 8?weeks rats and ten 112?weeks aged rats with vehicle and ten 112?weeks aged rats with P. ginseng (300?mg/kg/day). Daily oral administration of P. ginseng lasted for 8?weeks. Bone histomorphometric parameters and the trabecular bone microarchitectural properties of tibia were determined by microCT scan. MicroCT analysis showed significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone number in the aged group. Ginseng prevented total BMD decrease in the tibia induced by natural aging, which was accompanied by a significant decrease in skeletal remodeling. Furthermore, the aged group with ginseng was found to have a significantly higher osteoblast. In the blood biochemistry results, serum phosphorus, calcium, osteocalcin, T3, and T4 remained unchanged. The present study indicated that P. ginseng might be a potential alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of natural aging-induced osteoporosis in human.     

人工髋关节置换术在320 例股骨头缺血性坏死中的治疗体会

目的：探讨人工髋关节置换术在治疗股骨头缺血性坏死（ANFH）中的临床疗效。方法：选择2007 年2 月-2011 年2 月我院收 治的320 例（340 髋）股骨头缺血性坏死患者,均采用人工髋关节置换术对患者进行治疗,其中160 例（172 髋）患者应用骨水泥型 假体进行治疗,另外160 例（168）患者采用非骨水泥型假体进行治疗。采用Harris评分对患者手术前后的髋关节功能情况进行评 价,并比较骨水泥治疗组和非骨水泥治疗组的临床疗效。结果：患者均获得随访,随访时间为3～18 个月。全部患者手术后的 Harris评分明显高于手术前,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。骨水泥治疗组和非骨水泥治疗组在术后出血量、术后Harris 评分及住 院时间方面的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但非骨水泥治疗组的并发症发生率明显低于骨水泥治疗组（P<0.05）。结论：采用人工 髋关节置换术治疗ANFH疗效显著,能明显改善患者的生活质量,骨水泥型假体与非骨水泥型假体的治疗效果相当,应根据患者 的具体情况进行合理的选择。     

关节置换术后抗凝药物预防深静脉血栓及相关并发症的临床研究进展

抗凝药物有助于预防全髋关节置换术和全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成,临床上最常使用的传统抗凝药物如低分子肝素、华法林等可以起到很好的预防效果。目前有一类新的口服抗凝药物已经用于临床,为关节置换术后患者带来了一种更方便、安全和有效预防血栓的治疗选择。本篇综述主要针对传统抗凝药物低分子肝素及维生素K拮抗剂,直接凝血酶抑制剂达比加群,以及选择性Xa因子抑制剂利伐沙班和阿哌沙班,对迄今为止传统抗凝药物在全髋关节置换术和全膝关节置换术患者中的临床使用经验、优缺点、以及新型口服抗凝药物最新临床用药进展进行综述,为关节置换术后患者预防深静脉血栓提供用药参考。     

人工髋关节置换术在320例股骨头缺血性坏死中的治疗体会

目的：探讨人工髋关节置换术在治疗股骨头缺血性坏死（ANFH）中的临床疗效。方法：选择2007年2月-2011年2月我院收治的320例（340髋）股骨头缺血性坏死患者,均采用人工髋关节置换术对患者进行治疗,其中160例（172髋）患者应用骨水泥型假体进行治疗,另外160例（168）患者采用非骨水泥型假体进行治疗。采用Harris评分对患者手术前后的髋关节功能情况进行评价,并比较骨水泥治疗组和非骨水泥治疗组的临床疗效。结果：患者均获得随访,随访时间为3～18个月。全部患者手术后的Harris评分明显高于手术前,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。骨水泥治疗组和非骨水泥治疗组在术后出血量、术后Harris评分及住院时间方面的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但非骨水泥治疗组的并发症发生率明显低于骨水泥治疗组（P〈0．05）。结论：采用人工髋关节置换术治疗ANFH疗效显著,能明显改善患者的生活质量,骨水泥型假体与非骨水泥型假体的治疗效果相当,应根据患者的具体情况进行合理的选择。     

Improving stress shielding following total hip arthroplasty by using a femoral stem made of β type Ti-33.6Nb-4Sn with a Young’s modulus gradation

Stress shielding-related bone loss occurs after total hip arthroplasty because the stiffness of metallic implants differs from that of the host femur. Although reducing stem stiffness can ameliorate the bone resorption, it increases stress at the bone–implant interface and can inhibit fixation. To overcome this complication, a novel cementless stem with a gradient in Young’s modulus was developed using Ti-33.6Nb-4Sn (TNS) alloy. Local heat treatment applied at the neck region for increasing its strength resulted in a gradual decrease in Young’s modulus from the proximal to the distal end, from 82.1 to 51.0 GPa as calculated by a heat transfer simulation. The Young’s modulus gradient did not induce the excessive interface stress which may cause the surface debonding. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate bone remodeling with the TNS stem using a strain-adaptive bone remodeling simulation based on finite element analysis. Our predictions showed that, for the TNS stem, bone reduction in the calcar region (Gruen zone 7) would be 13.6% at 2 years, 29.0% at 5 years, and 45.8% at 10 years postoperatively. At 10 years, the bone mineral density for the TNS stem would be 42.6% higher than that for the similar Ti-6Al-4V alloy stem. The stress–strength ratio would be lower for the TNS stem than for the Ti-6Al-4V stem. These results suggest that although proximal bone loss cannot be eliminated completely, the TNS stem with a Young’s modulus gradient may have bone-preserving effects and sufficient stem strength, without the excessive interface stress.     

流程管理对高龄全髋关节置换术患者的临床效果分析流程管理对高龄全髋关节置换术患者的临床效果分析

摘要目的：随着我国人口老龄化日渐严重,高龄人群中髋关节骨折或坏死的发病率明显呈上升趋势。目前,临床用于治疗该类疾 病的方法主要是全髋关节置换术(THA)。但高龄患者身体机能出现衰退,术后极易出现并发症。因此,高龄患者行全髋关节置换术 的围术期护理工作起着重要的作用。本文针对行全髋关节置换术的高龄患者,探讨流程管理模式的临床效果,为护理工作提供参 考。方法：选择我科2010 年12 月至2013 年6 月行全髋关节置换术的12 位高龄患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,分别采用常规 模式和流程管理模式进行护理。对比两组患者的临床效果及对护理服务的满意度。结果：观察组患者无一例并发症出现,髋关节 功能恢复良好,均痊愈出院,且住院时间比对照组短(P<0.05);观察组对护理服务的满意度高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。结论：采取流程管理模式对高龄患者的围术期护理具有显著的效果,有助于减少术后并发症,提高患者对护理服务的满意度, 值得临床推广。     

地佐辛对骨关节病髋关节置换术患者炎症应激反应及认知功能的影响

目的:探讨地佐辛对骨关节病髋关节置换术(THA)患者术后炎症应激反应及认知功能的影响。方法:选取汉中市中心医院2017年1月至2018年12月收治的97例骨关节病行THA患者,采用随机数字法将其分为观察组(n=49例)对照组(n=48例)。观察组患者术毕前20 min给予地佐辛2.5 mg。对照组患者术毕前20 min给予0.9%氯化钠作为安慰剂。对比术前及术后1h、6h、12h两组白细胞介素(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平、肾上腺素及皮质醇水平;于术前、术后1d、3d、7d采用简易智力精神状态检查量表(MMSE)对所有患者认知功能进行评定并行组间比较,记录两组不良反应发生情况。结果:术前两组IL-6、TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组术后1h、6h、12h IL-6水平、术后12h TNF-α水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前两组肾上腺素及皮质醇水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组术后12h肾上腺素及术后6h、12h皮质醇水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前及术后7d两组MMSE评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组术后1d及3d MMSE评分明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:地佐辛可显著降低骨关节病患者行THA术后炎症因子水平,改善术后应激状态,保护患者认知功能,且患者安全耐受,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

全髋关节置换术与双极人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效

目的：探讨全髋关节置换术（THA）与双极人工股骨头置换术（BHA）治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法：选择2013 年7 月-2015 年3 月我院收治的老年股骨颈骨折患者90 例,根据手术方法不同将患者分为全髋关节置换组（THA 组）和双极人工股 骨头置换组（BHA 组）,每组45 例。观察并比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后并发症的发生率及手术效果。结 果：两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;THA 组并发症的发生率明显低于BHA 组, 差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后1 年,两组手术优良率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后两年及三年,THA 组手术优良 率明显高于BHA 组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：THA和BHA 治疗老年股骨颈骨折均具有良好的临床疗效,但THA具 有更好的远期疗效,而且术后并发症的发生率较低。     

Validation of radiostereometric analysis in six degrees of freedom for use with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

A phantom study was conducted to determine bias in motion and bias at zero motion of radiostereometric analysis (RSA) for evaluating implant relative displacement in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). A Sawbones shoulder phantom was fitted with a RTSA implant set and 13 tantalum markers. The model was fixed to a manual micrometer, providing controlled movements though fifteen known increments in translation and twelve increments in rotation (0.02–5.00 mm and 0.1–6.0°), along each translation and rotation axis. Movement between the glenoid and humerus was assessed using beads vs. beads (B/B), model vs. beads (M/B), and model vs. model (M/M) measurement methods in a model-based RSA environment. Bias in motion and bias at zero motion were defined as the difference between measured and accepted reference values, and the difference between double examinations with a theoretical displacement of zero, respectively. Bias in motion ranged from 0.054 ± 0.010 to 0.129 ± 0.014 mm and 0.076 ± 0.025 to 0.126 ± 0.025° (B/B), 0.023 ± 0.009 to 0.126 ± 0.016 mm and 0.111 ± 0.033 to 0.794 ± 0.251° (M/B), and 0.029 ± 0.010 to 0.135 ± 0.030 mm and 0.243 ± 0.088 to 0.384 ± 0.153° (M/M). Bias at zero motion ranged from 0.120 to 0.156 mm and 0.075 to 0.206° (B/B), 0.074 to 0.149 mm and 0.067 to 1.953° (M/B), and 0.069 to 0.259 mm and 0.284 to 1.273° (M/M). This is the first RSA for RTSA study, with results comparable to those validating the use of RSA for hip and knee arthroplasties (accepted as 0.05–0.50 mm and 0.15–1.15°), justifying the potential use of RSA as a tool for measuring implant displacement in the shoulder.     

Adjusting body mass for measurement error with invalid validation data

We propose a new method for using validation data to correct self-reported weight and height in surveys that do not measure respondents. The standard correction in prior research regresses actual measures on reported values using an external validation dataset, and then uses the estimated coefficients to predict actual measures in the primary dataset. This approach requires the strong assumption that the expectations of measured weight and height conditional on the reported values are the same in both datasets. In contrast, we use percentile ranks rather than levels of reported weight and height. Our approach requires the weaker assumption that the conditional expectations of actual measures are increasing in reported values in both samples. This makes our correction more robust to differences in measurement error across surveys as long as both surveys represent the same population. We examine three nationally representative datasets and find that misreporting appears to be sensitive to differences in survey context. When we compare predicted BMI distributions using the two validation approaches, we find that the standard correction is affected by differences in misreporting while our correction is not. Finally, we present several examples that demonstrate the potential importance of our correction for future econometric analyses and estimates of obesity rates.     

Automated pelvic anatomical coordinate system is reproducible for determination of anterior pelvic plane

Most of computer-assisted planning systems need to determine the anatomical axis based on the anterior pelvic plane (APP). We analysed that our new system is more reproducible for determination of APP than previous methods. A pelvic model bone and two subjects suffering from hip osteoarthritis were evaluated. Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) images were scanned with various rotations by MDCT scanner. The pelvic rotation was calibrated using silhouette images. APP was determined by an optimisation technique. The values of variation of APP caused by pelvic rotation were analysed with statistical analysis. APP determination with calibration and optimisation was most reproducible.The values of variance of APP were within 0.05° in model bone and 0.2° even in patient pelvis. Furthermore, the values of variance of APP with calibration/optimisation were significantly lower in comparison without calibration/optimisation. Both calibration and optimisation are actually required for determination of APP. This system could contribute to the evaluation of hip joint kinematics and computer-assisted surgery.