ON THE EXISTENCE OF A Go-PHASE IN THE CELL CYCLE

The model is based on the assumption that the cell cycle contains a G_o-phase which cells leave randomly with a constant probability per unit time, γ. After leaving the G_o-phase, the cells enter the C-phase which ends with cell division. The C-phase and its constituent phases, the‘true’G₁-phase, the S-phase, the G₂-phase and mitosis are assumed to have constant durations of T, T₁T_s, T₂ and T_m, respectively. For renewal tissue it is assumed that the probability per unit time of being lost from the population is a constant for all cells irrespective of their position in the cycle. The labelled mitosis curve and labelling index for continuous labelling are derived in terms of γ, T, and T_s. The model generates labelled mitosis curves which damp quickly and reach a constant value of twice the initial labelling index, if the mean duration of the G_o-phase is sufficiently long. It is shown that the predicted labelled mitosis and continuous labelling curves agree reasonably well with the experimental curves for the hamster cheek pouch if T has a value of about 60 hr. Data are presented for the rat dorsal epidermis which support the assumption that there is a constant probability per unit time of a cell being released from the Go-phase.     

中国的细柄蕈树林

本文首次报道了中国细柄蕈树林的生态分布,组成结构特点,生长发育和演替动态规律,为合理开发和利用中国的细柄蕈树林提供科学依据.     

铁/紫膜/胶/铜光电池在光触发瞬时的界面电势研究

在分析菌紫质光驱质子泵过程的基础上 ,应用Hong的化学电容的概念 ,提出在菌紫质人工膜系统中等效存在C -电容和N -电容 ,并由此研究了铁/紫膜/胶/铜光电池在光触发瞬时的界面电势。结果可提供于以菌紫质为基础的分子电子器件 ,和菌紫质光驱质子泵机理的研究。     

烟台地区葡萄根瘤蚜(Phylloxera vitifoliae Fitch)观察

葡萄根瘤蚜是葡萄栽培事业上的一种大害虫,也是国际重要检疫对象之一。 1954年9月苏联来华植物保护与植物检疫考察组奥波连斯基专家在烟台张裕公司西葡萄山发现了葡萄根瘤蚜之后1),政府对此害虫极为重视,曾先后数次组织专家进行视察。1955年9月农业部委托山东大学生物系负责主持有关葡萄根瘤蚜的生活史,寄     

HYDROXYUREA: USE IN DETERMINING THE DURATION OF G2 IN TETRAHYMENA

Observation of division of individual cells in microdrops, plus autoradiographic studies using tritiated thymidine and standard cell cycle analysis techniques, reveal that hydroxyurea (10 DIM) reversibly arrests the normal progression of exponentially growing Tetrahymena pyriformis through the initial 92 % of S-phase while not affecting cells in the terminal 8 % and in G₂ and division. Thus the fraction of the population of cells that is in G₂ can be approximately determined by the fraction of the population able to divide in the presence of hydroxyurea. This fraction can be related to the approximate duration of G₂ by calculations which compensate for the age gradient.     

APHIDICOLIN INHIBITS DNA REPLICATION IN THE MICRONUCLEUS AND BLOCKS CYTOKINESIS IN PARAMECIUM CAUDATUM

Aphidicolin, a selective inhibitor of DNA polymerase, totally blocks DNA replication in the micronucleus but not in the macronucleus of Paramecium caudatum. The ciliates no longer divide and after 4 days the DNA content of the macronucleus has increased by 64%. Concomitantly the cell volume has increased by 53%.     

中华按蚊在实验室内的自然交配习性

1973年我们在上海曾对宝山县中华按蚊(Anopheles sinensis)进行了室内饲养,通过自然交配繁殖了8代。1975年又对重庆郊区的中华按蚊同样地进行了室内累代饲育。近几年来文献上报道:未经驯化的中华按蚊,在实验室内常规饲养条件下,不易发生自然交配(Oguma和Kanda,1976;潘家复和韩罗珍,1979)。这一报道与我们的经验很不一致。为了弄清引起这种不一致的原因,以便改进饲养工作,我们特别对第一代中华按蚊在实验室内自然交配的某些规律,进行了观察。现将观察结果报告如下。     

广州地区中华按蚊生理年龄的组成

中华按蚊是我国平原地区的传疟媒介,研究中华按蚊的生态学,对于疟疾的流行病学及预防均具有重要的意义。生理年龄及生殖营养环的研究,不但可以进一步认识中华按蚊在自然界的一些生态学问题,更重要的是有助于分析其传疟的作用,作为防制的依据。     

AMMONOIDS AND THE TRIASSIC/JURASSIC BOUNDARY IN THE HIMALAYAS OF SOUTHERN TIBET

Abstract:  The sections of Germig in the Nyalam area, southern Tibet, provide a continuous exposure of ammonoid-bearing, uppermost Triassic and basal Jurassic strata. Eighteen species (three of them new) are described and illustrated: Choristoceras marshi Hauer , C. aff. marshi, C. cf. nobile Mojsisovics , C. nyalamense sp. nov., Eopsiloceras germigense sp. nov. , Pleuroacanthites aff. biformis (Sowerby) , Rhacophyllites sp., Nevadaphyllites cf. psilomorphus (Neumayr), Neophyllites sp. indet., Neophyllites cf. biptychus (Lange), Psiloceras tibeticum sp. nov., P. calliphyllum (Neumayr), Euphyllites cf. struckmanni (Neumayr), Discamphiceras pleuronotum (Canavari), Alsatites spp., Kammerkarites frigga , and K. sp. The ammonoid fauna shows a strong affinity to that of the Northern Calcareous Alps, although diversity in the Calliphyllum Zone is markedly lower. The ammonoid succession across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary is subdivided into four zones: the Rhaetian Marshi, the basal Hettangian Tibeticum, the lower Hettangian Calliphyllum, and the middle Hettangian Pleuronotum zones. It is the only known succession across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary in the Tethyan Realm that is not condensed. The Marshi and Calliphyllum zones are correlated with the same zones in the Northern Calcareous Alps. The Tibeticum Zone, a new local zone, is transitional between the Marshi and the Calliphyllum zones in that it yields both choristoceratids and psiloceratids. Its base is taken to mark the base of the Jurassic System in the eastern Tethys.     

关于南雄盆地K/T界线问题的讨论──与D.A.拉塞尔,D.E.拉塞尔,A.R.斯威特商榷

陆相山间盆地的沉积过程远比某些海相的沉积过程复杂。评述了当今流行的利用沉积速率来检验、甚至推断陆相磁性地层极性时序列方法的可靠性。南雄盆地地层及哺乳动物化石的分布研究表明,前人所定Ｋ／Ｔ界线上下地层连续,并不象一些学者认为的在上湖组底部缺失了数百万年的沉积。     

DIPTEREX RESISTANCE IN THE HOUSEFLY AND THE SYNERGIC MECHANISM OF SV1 IN RELATION TO PENETRATION THROUGH CUTICLE

Abstract  SV₁ was observed to have obvious synergism and could delay housefly ( Musca domestica vicina ) resistance development to Dipterex. The penetration rates of Dipterex through housefly cuticle were determined in a susceptible and two resistant strains. The results indicated that the penetration in the resistant housefly strains was obviously slower than in the susceptible one. The penetrating rate of SV₁+ Dipterex (in mixture) was higher than that of Dipterex. The penetration reduction in resistant houseflies may be an important factor in bringing forth resistance. The increase of the penetrating rate of Dipterex and the decrease of its metabolic rate are regarded as the important mechanisms of SV₁ synergism to Dipterex.     

珠江水系鳗鲡资源空间分布特征研究

研究于2015—2017年对珠江流域12个站位的日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)及花鳗鲡(Anguilla mar-morata)种群资源量与洄游路线等进行了初步调查, 并对其资源量状况、空间分布特征与环境影响因素等进行了分析。结果显示在近3年的调查时间里, 共采集到日本鳗鲡41尾, 平均年龄为(4.2±1.3)龄, 93%的个体未性成熟; 采集到花鳗鲡12尾, 平均年龄为(4.3±1.0)龄, 83%的个体未性成熟。日本鳗鲡在珠江水系最远能分布到红水河的合山江段, 其在渔获物中的数量百分比与重量百分比均低于百分之一; 花鳗鲡最远能分布到西江的石龙江段, 其在渔获物中的出现率低于两百分之一。珠江水系鳗鲡野生资源极度匮乏, 保护形势十分严峻。同时发现日本鳗鲡空间分布主要受河流分维和河流宽度的影响; 花鳗鲡的空间分布主要受河流宽度和水深的影响。该研究是珠江水系野生渔业资源长期调查的一部分, 研究结果将对鳗鲡资源的保护和可持续利用具有指导意义。     

棉铃虫卵内蛋白酶性质研究

在棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera卵母细胞内检测到蛋白酶活性,其作用Ph在酸性范围,酶活性受E-64、Pepstatin和iPr₂P-F等多种抑制剂抑制。在Ph4.0时蛋白酶对牛血红蛋白有较高水解率。抗蓖麻蚕Philosamia cynthia ricini卵半胱氨酸蛋白酶血清和抗蓖麻蚕卵天冬氨酸蛋白酶血清可以识别棉铃虫卵内成分。实验结果表明;棉铃虫卵内可能存在半胱氨酸蛋白酶类、丝氨酸蛋白酶类和天冬氨酸蛋白酶类,并且与蓖麻蚕卵内蛋白酶有一定的相似性。     

西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼雄性个体的有效繁殖力特性研究

对西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illex argentinus)雄性个体的有效繁殖力特性, 以及有效繁殖力与个体生长发育关系进行了研究。结果表明, 阿根廷滑柔鱼雄性个体的胴长、体重的生物学最小型分别为207.79 mm和162.55 g; 个体有效繁殖力为(374±280.33)条精荚, 胴长相对有效繁殖力为(179.18±117.66)条/mm; 精荚的平均长度为(21.57±4.17) mm, 是胴长的(10.22±1.82)%。随着性腺发育, 个体有效繁殖力和精荚长度均增长显著(P<0.05), 前者在功能性成熟期达到最大值, 为(811±181.34)条精荚; 后者在繁殖产卵期达到最大值, 为(23.89±3.87) mm。同时, 个体有效繁殖力和精荚长度均与胴长、体重呈显著的线性函数关系(P<0.05)。回归拟合数据集比较分析和多元线性回归分析显示, 个体有效繁殖力与胴长、体重之间的线性关系不存在显著性差异(P>0.05), 但是体重对个体有效繁殖力的影响更为显著(P<0.001); 精荚长度与胴长、体重之间的线性关系存在显著性差异(P<0.001), 并且胴长、体重两者对精荚长度具有一致的影响效应(P<0.001)。以上结果表明, 阿根廷滑柔鱼雄性个体随着性腺发育持续产生并存储精荚, 精荚长度也随之显著增加, 并且与个体大小密切相关。     

硬骨鱼类血红蛋白转换表达的新模式——以黄河裸裂尻鱼胚胎型血红蛋白研究为例

为了探讨高原硬骨鱼类胚胎型血红蛋白的转换表达模式,研究利用转录组数据和克隆方法研究了黄河裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis pylzovi)胚胎型血红蛋白的组成和基因结构,并通过qRT-PCR和整胚原位杂交方法确定了胚胎发育过程中血红蛋白基因的表达情况。结果表明,黄河裸裂尻鱼胚胎型血红蛋白基因由hbae1、hbae4、hbbe1和hbbe3组成,均包含3个外显子和2个内含子,其中hbbe1/hbae1以"头对头"(3′-5′—5′-3′)转录方式串联在一起, hbbe3/hbae4则以"尾对尾"(5′-3′—3-5′)的转录方式串联在一起。进一步的研究初步判断hbae3、hbae5和hbbe2基因在裂腹鱼亚科鱼类进化过程中可能发生了丢失。qRT-PCR和整胚原位杂交结果均表明在早期胚胎发育过程中4个胚胎型血红蛋白基因的表达都是从受精后第5天(120 hpf)开始明显上升,但是hbae4和hbbe3基因的高表达只维持在受精后第5天(120 hpf)至破膜期(216 hpf),随后急剧下降,而hbae1和hbbe1基因表达从破膜(216 hpf)开始急剧上升。研究揭示了硬骨鱼类一种全新...