Herp is dually regulated by both the endoplasmic reticulum stress-specific branch of the unfolded protein response and a branch that is shared with other cellular stress pathways

The mammalian unfolded protein response (UPR) includes two major branches: one(s) specific to ER stress (Ire1/XBP-1 and ATF6-dependent), and one(s) shared by other cellular stresses (PERK/eIF-2alpha phosphorylation-dependent). Here, we demonstrate that the ER-localized protein Herp represents a second target, in addition to CHOP, that is dually regulated by both the shared and the ER stress-specific branches during UPR activation. For the first time, we are able to assess the contribution of each branch of the UPR in the induction of these targets. We demonstrate that activation of the shared branch of the UPR alone was sufficient to induce Herp and CHOP. ATF4 was not required during ER stress when both branches were used but did contribute significantly to their induction. Conversely, stresses that activated only the shared branch of the UPR were completely dependent on ATF4 for CHOP and Herp induction. Thus, the shared and the ER stress-specific branches of the UPR diverge to regulate two groups of targets, one that is ATF6 and Ire1/XBP-1-dependent, which includes BiP and XBP-1, and another that is eIF-2alpha kinase-dependent, which includes ATF4 and GADD34. The two branches also converge to maximally up-regulate targets like Herp and CHOP. Finally, our studies reveal that a PERK-dependent target other than ATF4 is contributing to the cross-talk between the two branches of the UPR that has previously been demonstrated.     

XBP-1转录激活系统的构建

人X盒结合蛋白1(XBP-1)是CREB／ATF(cAMP应答元件结合蛋白／激活转录因子)转录因子家族中的一员,在很多癌细胞中高水平表达。将XBP-1两种剪切形式的编码序列分别克隆在pRC-lac真核载体上,构建成pRC-lac-XBP-1S和pRC-lac-XBP-1U重组质粒。Westem印迹分析表明,这两种XBP-1形式在哺乳动物细胞中都得到了表达。瞬时转染人胚胎肾细胞293T,用荧光素酶报告基因检测这两种剪切形式的转录活性。结果显示,pRC-lac-XBP-1S和pRC-lac-XBP-1U在293T细胞中均有活性,pRC-lac-XBP-1U的活性约是空载体的65倍,pRC-lac-XBP-IS的活性约是空载体的3倍。成功构建了xBP-1的转录激活系统,为进一步了解XBp-1在各种疾病中的作用奠定了基础。     

转录因子XBP1的融合表达、纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

人X盒结合蛋白 1(XBP 1)为一种转录因子 ,与多种肿瘤的发生、发展有密切关系 .XBP 1有2种剪切形式 ,即XBP 1S和XBP 1U .将这 2种剪切形式中的一段相同编码序列 (编码 82～ 14 7位氨基酸 )重组于谷胱甘肽S转移酶 (GST)融合蛋白表达载体pGEX KG中 ,构建成重组质粒pGST XBP 1(82～ 14 7位氨基酸 ) .将该重组质粒转化E .coliDH5α后 ,表达GST XBP 1(82～ 14 7位氨基酸 )融合蛋白 ,经谷胱甘肽 Sepharose 4B亲和层析获得纯化的融合蛋白 .用此融合蛋白免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体 .利用制备的抗体分别用Western印迹和免疫细胞化学检测XBP 1的 2种剪切形式在哺乳动物细胞中的表达 .结果表明 ,该抗体对XBP 1的 2种剪切形式均具有反应原性 ,效价高 ,特异性好 ,可以用于进一步研究XBP 1的功能