Reclassification of Pichia membranifaciens sensu Kurtzman

Forty strains which were stocked as Pichia membranifaciens sensu Kurtzman and 9 strains stocked as Candida valida, anamorphs of P. membranifaciens, in the Institute for Fermentation, Osaka (IFO) were reclassified based on the data of base composition of nuclear DNA, DNA/DNA hybridization, coenzyme Q system, electrophoretic karyotype, and base sequence of 18S rDNA. P. membranifaciens complex was assigned into 3 groups: (I) P. membranifaciens group, including 25 strains with high DNA homologies to the type strain of P. membranifaciens (72–98%); (II) P. manshurica group, including 18 strains with high DNA homology of 79–95% to the type strain of P. manshurica; and a group including the remaining 6 strains, which had low DNA homology to the above two species. GC content was 42.9–45.3 mol% for the P. membranifaciens group, 40.0–42.0 mol% for the P. manshurica group, and 27.2–44.7 mol% for the remaining group. All three groups had ubiquinone Co Q-7. Of the 6 anomalous strains, IFO 0162 was identified as Pichia deserticola, and IFO 0839 and IFO 0840 were identified as Issatchenkia occidentalis; but IFO 0842, IFO 0843, and IFO 1788 were thought to be unknown strains.     

Pichia scaptomyzae sp. nov., isolated from Scaptomyza multispinosa Malloch (Diptera) in southern Chile

A novel representative of the yeast genus Pichia which has been isolated from the intestinal tract of the fly Scaptomyza multispinosa Malloch, (species of Chilian diptera frequenting meadows where Ranunculus repens L. are abundant), is described and illustrated. The strain differs from all accepted Pichia species (1–11) to warrant its establishment as a new species: Pichia scaptomyzae sp. nov.     

Reclassification of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors

A retrospective (1985-2005) multicentric evaluation of the pathological diagnoses of GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor) in Hungary was performed. A large cohort of 463 patients with abdominal mesenchymal tumors was reevaluated with the help of immunohistochemistry for CD117, CD34, desmin and S100. Prognostic groups have been established based on international criteria. Two hundred fifty five GISTs have been found in 245 patients during the evaluated period. Beside GIST, 81 leiomyogenic and 25 neurogenic tumors were the primary pathological diagnosis and in 74/255 cases the primary diagnosis was a benign tumor. In our cohort high-risk GIST cases were found to be the predominant. Based on our experience, in case of abdominal tumors of uncertain localization, immunohistochemical markers of CD117, CD34, S100 and desmin provide a proper tool for precise identification of the tumor entity including GIST.     

Heterothallism in Pichia kudriavzevii and Pichia terricola

Pichia kudriavzevii and P. terricola were found to be heterothallic, but not interfertile with one another; nor did they mate with P. membranaefaciens, P. scutulata, Candida lambica, C. diversa, C. ingens, C. silvae, C. valida, C. vini, C. norvegensis, or Torulopsis inconspicua. Limited conjugation occurred between mating types of P. kudriavzevii and C. krusei and conjugation and sporulation occurred in mixtures with C. sorbosa. The data indicate C. krusei and C. sorbosa to be the same species and to represent imperfect forms of P. kudriavzevii.     

Miconia galeiformis and Miconia neei (Miconieae: Melastomataceae), two new species from Bolivia

Two new species of Miconia from Bolivia are described: Miconia galeiformis and Miconia neei. Both species occur in Andean montane forests. Miconia galeiformis (sect. Chaenopleura) is distinctive within Miconia due to the presence of setose stems, petioles and abaxial leaf surface, and a large, globose stigma. Miconia neei bears unisexual flowers, and can be distinguished from similar species of Miconia sect. Cremanium in Bolivia based on the furfuraceous stems and young nodes, in addition to serrulate leaf margins. The documentation of dioecy in Miconia neei and the occasional occurrence of unisexual flowers in Miconia galeiformis adds to our burgeoning understanding of complex breeding systems within Miconia.     

The taxonomy of problematic Mallomonas species (Synurophyceae). II. Mallomonas costata and M. galeiformis

Whole cells of Mallomonas costata and Mallomonas galeiformis with complete scale and bristle complements present few problems for their identification by TEM. Individual scales however, such as those usually encountered in paleolimnology, have often been difficult to identify in isolation. Both species occur in collections from Ontario, Canada, but M. galeiformis is apparently more acidophilic than M. costata . Several differences in structure of scales from both species are described which, if used as criteria for distinguishing between the two species, should facilitate identification of individual scales.     

Reclassification of captive chimpanzees as endangered would cost lives

A reclassification of captive chimpanzees as endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) would have devastating consequences on critical areas of basic biomedical research for which chimpanzees are uniquely suitable as animal models. It also would have a negative impact on the survival of wild chimpanzees and the preservation of the species.     

化石直脉蝎蛉科再分类(长翅目)

本文对化石直脉蝎蛉科(Orthophlebiidae)的分属做了再分类,仍保留该科内的 2个属:直脉蝎蛉属 Orthophlebia和原直脉蝎蛉属Protorthophlebia,解体中蝎蛉属Mesopanorpa。中蝎蛉属被解体后,其包含所有的种,如Rs1主干带3支或3支以上支脉,归入直脉蝎蛉属;如Rs1仅带2支支脉,归入原直脉蝎蛉属;原中蝎蛉属以Rs主干两倍长于MA主干作为属的分类根据,但这一属征常常导致分类上的混乱,故本文不作为属或亚属的分类根据。上述保留的2个属,再以Rs分支先于、后于或等于MA的特征,即Rs主干短于、长于或等于MA主干作为亚属的分类根据。以此,在直脉蝎蛉属Orthophlebia和原直脉蝎蛉属Protorthophlebia之下各自设立3个亚属(Hong et Zhang, 2004)。在已建立的6个亚属中,Orthophlebia(Brachyphlebia)Hong et Zhang, 2004和Protorthophlebia(Mecynophlebia)Hong et Zhang,2004分别修改为Orthophlebia(Orthophlebia)Westwood, 1845和Protorthophlebia(Protorthophlebia)Tillyard,1933的新异名。中生代直脉蝎蛉中脉的前支(MA)并非在古生代之后就完全消失。根据对中生代不同时期、不同层位、不同地区直脉蝎蛉和本目其他科在内化石标本的观察,中脉及其前、后支脉(MA、MP)仍然继续存在与发展。基于这种事实,本文认为直脉蝎蛉科脉序命名中沿用已久的Rs后支(Rs3 4)应为中脉的前支(MA),原来沿用的中脉(M)为中脉的后支(MP)。这样,有助于我们对长翅目中脉及其前、后(MA、MP)支脉的准确辨认,尤其是对MA脉在地史上变革、发展,以及与Rs脉的演化关系的认识可能有所裨益。     

Characterization of Xylose Uptake in the Yeasts Pichia heedii and Pichia stipitis

The kinetics of xylose uptake were investigated in the efficient xylose fermenter Pichia stipitis and in the more readily genetically manipulated, strictly respiratory yeast Pichia heedii. Both yeasts demonstrated more than one xylose uptake system, differing in substrate affinity. The K_m of high-affinity xylose uptake in both organisms was similar to that of the efficient high-affinity glucose uptake system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In P. heedii, low-affinity xylose uptake was enhanced with growth on 2% but not 0.05% xylose and high-affinity uptake was reduced. In contrast to glucose uptake, xylose uptake in P. heedii was inhibited by dinitrophenol. Dinitrophenol inhibited both glucose and xylose uptake by P. stipitis. Glucose uptake was not inhibited by a 100-fold molar excess of xylose in P. heedii. It is suggested that xylose uptake in P. heedii is via a carrier system(s) distinct from those for glucose uptake.     

Biogeneration of gamma nonanolide from coriolic acid in Pichia stipitis and Pichia ohmeri

-nonanolide in the (R) enantiomeric form is obtained, close to (R) -decanolide, as major transformation product of (R) coriolic acid in Pichia stipitis; feeding experiments of the (S) enantiomer lead to -decanolide as major metabolite     

Reclassification of incompatibility group L (IncL) plasmids.

Plasmids classified as IncL are shown to be incompatible with plasmids of IncM and we propose to reclassify them as IncM.     

一种新型巴斯德毕赤酵母表达载体的构建及甘露聚糖酶的表达

目的:构建以带自身启动子的蔗糖转化酶基因(suc2)为选择标记的载体,用于外源基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的正确分泌表达。方法:根据已发表的蔗糖转化酶基因序列设计并合成1对引物,应用PCR技术,以啤酒酵母INVSC1总DNA为模板,扩增出包含自身启动子和终止区序列的suc2基因。将该基因与毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K连接,构建了以suc2为选择标记的表达载体pPIC12K。将甘露聚糖酶基因man克隆入载体pPIC12K,用PEG/LiCl法转化毕赤酵母GS115菌株。以蔗糖为惟一碳源筛选转化子,利用底物平板检测筛选到的转化子中man基因的表达,并对重组表达菌株进行连续传代实验。结果:部分转化子周围产生明显的水解圈,证明甘露聚糖酶已经得到分泌表达;对重组表达菌株的连续传代实验证实了该表达载体具有良好的遗传稳定性。结论:以带自身启动子的suc2基因为选择标记的表达载体构建成功,并且这个新型表达载体能够对外源基因进行稳定有效的分泌表达。     

Reclassification of “Bacillus pulvifaciens” Group II as Brevibacillus agri

Organisms formerly identified as strains of Paenibacillus pulvifaciens group II were reclassified as members of the species Brevibacillus agri. The reclassification was based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences from selected Bacillaceae. The analysis strongly supported placement of group II strains in the genus Brevibacillus. High DNA relatedness of 87–100% and close phenotypic similarity demonstrated that group II strains were members of the species Brevibacillus agri. Received: 10 September 1996 / Accepted: 2 October 1996     

Reclassification of "atypical" diagnoses in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography-guided biliary brushings

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of reclassifying "atypical" diagnoses in reporting biliary cytology using strict morphologic criteria. STUDY DESIGN: Cytologic specimens from 139 patients (direct, alcohol-fixed smears or cytocentrifuge preparations) were evaluated. Diagnoses were benign (70), atypical (36) and malignant (33). Using strict criteria--major (nuclear contour, chromatin pattern) and minor (polarity, cell types, nuclear size, nuclear grooves, nucleoli, mitosis, nuclear/cytoplasmic [N/C] ratio)--atypical cases were reevaluated and reclassified. Follow-up (F/U) was available on all cases. RESULTS: Atypical cases, (36) were reclassified as malignant (26), atypical favor benign (2)/reactive (3) and atypical, not otherwise specified (NOS) (5). Cases reclassified as malignant showed irregular nuclear contours, chromatin irregularities and rare mitosis. Nuclear enlargement, nucleoli and cellularity varied widely in all groups. N/C ratio was increased in most reclassified malignant cases. All 26 malignant reclassifications correlated with F/U of malignancy. Benign and reactive cases (5) were negative for malignancy on F/U (4), and in 1 case a metastatic carcinoma involving the biliary tree was found. In the 5 atypical (NOS) cases, F/U showed malignancy (3) and pancreatitis (2). Cytocentrifuge preparations made in our laboratory were of superior quality when compared to other methods of cell preparation. CONCLUSION: Irregularities in nuclear membrane and abnormal chromatin pattern were the most consistently useful features correlating with malignancy. The sensitivity and specificity of biliary brush cytology can be enhanced by using strict cytomorphologic criteria and proper collection and fixation, all of which decrease atypical diagnoses.     

Phylogeny of Rhodotorula pinalis and Its Reclassification as Fellozyma pinalis comb. nov.

Microbiology - The type strain Rhodotorula pinalis VKM Y-2963 has been characterized genetically and phylogenetically. The rDNA sequences obtained for the ITS region and D1/D2 domains of...     

A Cytological Study and Reclassification of Trichophrya collini (Saedeleer & Tellier)1

ABSTRACT. Trichophrya collini has a polygonal, dorsoventrally flattened body (up to 75 μm diam.), with capitate tentacles arranged in 1–3 rows within peripheral fascicles. There is a central polymorphic macronucleus, an associated micronucleus, and numerous peripheral contractile vacuoles with ventral discharge pores. The cell has a multilayered cortex and the cytoplasm contains suctorian organelles such as crescentic bodies, elongate dense bodies, and haptocysts. The highly contractile tentacles have an axoneme with an outer ring of 24 microtubules separated into six groups and an inner ring of six curved lamellae, each with five microtubules. The lamellae at the distal and proximal ends of the axoneme are arranged in a helix, and the outer ring microtubules are joined in a distal connective sheath. In the apical knob of the tentacle, the haptocysts are borne on a central capsule, Reproduction is by endogenous budding to produce a single oval-shaped swarmer, with equatorial ciliature, which metamorphoses within 3 h. These observations suggest that this organism, previously known as Heliophrya collini Saedeleer & Tellier, is synonymous with Platophrya rotunda Gönnert, Craspedophrya rotunda Rieder, and Heliophrya rotunda Matthes. Its endogenous mode of budding assigns it to the genus Trichophrya. but it is distinct from Trichophrya rotunda Hentschel, and should be reclassified to Trichophrya collini (Saedeleer & Tellier).