免疫－神经内分泌相互作用

免疫－神经内分泌相互作用郑仲承（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所,上海２０００３１）关键词免疫,神经,内分泌,相互作用我们都知道,“意志可以战胜疾病”,睡眠不足会使机体的免疫能力下降,都说明精神状态影响着健康。精神状态与神经系统有关;健康状态则与内分泌和...     

2008年神经内分泌暨神经免疫内分泌学术研讨会会议纪要

由中国生理学会消化内分泌生殖代谢生理专业委员会、中国神经科学会神经免疫专业委员会和中国解剖学会神经解剖专业委员会联合主办的“2008年神经内分泌暨神经免疫内分泌学术研讨会”于2008年7月20—23日在云南省大理市顺利举行,来自全国11个省市和香港地区的综合大学、医学院校和有关研究机构等近30个单位的80余名代表出席了会议。     

免疫衰老及免疫细胞在衰老中的作用

人类的衰老是一个复杂的生理过程,是机体随着年龄增长出现生理结构的退行性改变以及机能衰退,表现出机体适应性和抵抗力减退的过程。免疫系统是衰老过程的主要调节系统,免疫衰老会导致机体对病原体和癌细胞的抵抗能力降低,同时伴随相关疾病的发生,如心血管疾病、神经系统疾病及癌症等。本文主要综述了免疫衰老以及免疫细胞在衰老中作用的研究进展,旨在阐明免疫衰老与衰老相关疾病的关系及免疫细胞的抗衰老机制,为精准免疫细胞抗衰老模式提供临床应用的新策略。     

神经内分泌和免疫系统之间的相互作用(二)——神经免疫调节

(上接 2 0 0 0年第 3期第 3页 )1 .6.2　某些前激素 (prohormone)的作用　血液循环中的硫酸表甾酮 (dehydroepiandrosteronesulphate,DHEAS)受到 DHEA硫酸酶的作用变成 DHEA可增强 TH1的活性 ,此时 TH1/TH2 的比值趋向于 TH1占优势。随着年龄的增加 DHEA的水平也随之下降。这可能是机体随着年龄的增长免疫功能下降的重要原因之一。动物实验中也发现 ,老年鼠体内的 DHEA含量明显低于对照组。如果补充 DHEA后老年鼠的免疫缺损状态可以得到明显改善。此外 ,衰老时的免疫功能下降也与某些细胞因子分泌异常增高有关。例如 IL -6的…     

免疫衰老与老年人免疫

随着年龄的增加,人体免疫系统发生特征性的改变,"免疫衰老",从而导致传染病的发病率和严重程度增加及疫苗接种后保护不足。本文试图说明年龄依赖性的先天免疫和适应性免疫系统的缺陷。专门针对老年人的免疫系统,改进疫苗接种策略,研究新的佐剂和新的疫苗,将有助于克服免疫衰老的局限性,确保更好地保护脆弱的老年人口。     

抑郁症与代谢综合征的神经内分泌免疫联系

随着社会竞争日益加剧,生活和工作节奏加快,人们所承受的压力和挑战(应激)也越来越大。长时间、高强度的应激会打破机体神经内分泌免疫网络原有的稳态,导致多种疾病的发生。近年来,抑郁症以其高发性、高致残性以及对家庭和社会的高负担而引起人们的高度重视,关于其发病机制和防治措施的研究方兴未艾。另外,在神经内分泌免疫紊乱的催生下,肥胖、糖尿病、高血脂、高血压等代谢相关问题也变得越发显著。近年来,愈来愈多的研究提示,抑郁症和代谢综合征的发病可能拥有共同的神经内分泌免疫基础,两类疾病也很可能在一定程度上互为因果。本文结合国内外研究现状,梳理总结相关研究成果,对两类疾病的神经内分泌免疫联系作一综述。     

神经内分泌因子调控鱼类生殖和生长的相互作用

脊椎动物的生长与生殖活动有着密切的联系并相互作用。许多调节生长和代谢活动的内分泌因子对青春期或者性腺的发育产生影响。同样,调节生殖活动的许多激素亦同时对生长和代谢产生影响。近年来,我们和其他学者对鱼类生长和生殖的神经内分泌调节的相互作用进行了研究,主要的进展是：①在促进性腺的激素影响生长方面,发现促性腺激素释放激素（ＧｎＲＨ）和多巴胺都能和脑垂体生长激素细胞的特异性受体结合而刺激生长激素释放,并能     

促泌素在胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的 比较促泌素(secretagogin,SCGN)与传统的神经内分泌标记物在胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤中的表达差异.方法 收集胃肠道手术标本共88例,其中实验组为8例类癌和20例非典型类癌,对照组为40例腺癌伴神经内分泌分化和20例腺癌.所有标本均使用SCGN、PGP9.5、CD56、NSE、Syn及CgA进行免疫组织化学SP两步法染色.结果 SCGN可在胃肠道粘膜同有层腺体的弥散性神经内分泌细胞中表达,多显示“开放型”的神经内分泌细胞.除CD56和NSE各在1例胃肠道腺癌中阳性表达外,SCGN及其它标记物在20例腺癌中均无表达,所有标记物之间均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).SCGN在40例胃肠道腺癌伴神经内分泌分化、20例非典型类癌和8例类癌巾的阳性表达率均最高,分别为62.5％ (25/40)、90％(18/20)和100％(8/8),PGP9.5阳性表达率均最低分别为32.5％(13/40)、45％ (9/20)和37.5％(3/8),两标记物在这三组肿瘤中的表达均有显著统计学差异(P＜0.01),而CD56、NSE、Syn和CgA在以上三组肿瘤中的表达率均较高,与SCGN比较均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).所有标记物在腺癌伴神经内分泌分化、非典型类癌和类癌中的阳性表达率均明显高于腺癌(P＜0.01);SCGN、Syn和CgA在非典型类癌和类癌巾的阳性表达均高于腺癌伴神经内分泌分化(P＜0.05);所有标记物在非典型类癌和类癌之间的阳性表达率均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 SCGN作为一种新型的神经内分泌标记物与传统标记物Syn和CgA联合,可应用于胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤的临床病理诊断.     

Neuroendocrine-immune circuits,phenotypes, and interactions

Multidirectional interactions among the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems have been demonstrated in humans and non-human animal models for many decades by the biomedical community, but ecological and evolutionary perspectives are lacking. Neuroendocrine-immune interactions can be conceptualized using a series of feedback loops, which culminate into distinct neuroendocrine-immune phenotypes. Behavior can exert profound influences on these phenotypes, which can in turn reciprocally modulate behavior. For example, the behavioral aspects of reproduction, including courtship, aggression, mate selection and parental behaviors can impinge upon neuroendocrine-immune interactions. One classic example is the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ICHH), which proposes that steroid hormones act as mediators of traits important for female choice while suppressing the immune system. Reciprocally, neuroendocrine-immune pathways can promote the development of altered behavioral states, such as sickness behavior. Understanding the energetic signals that mediate neuroendocrine-immune crosstalk is an active area of research. Although the field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) has begun to explore this crosstalk from a biomedical standpoint, the neuroendocrine-immune-behavior nexus has been relatively underappreciated in comparative species. The field of ecoimmunology, while traditionally emphasizing the study of non-model systems from an ecological evolutionary perspective, often under natural conditions, has focused less on the physiological mechanisms underlying behavioral responses. This review summarizes neuroendocrine-immune interactions using a comparative framework to understand the ecological and evolutionary forces that shape these complex physiological interactions.     

Platelets and aging]

Platelets seem involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer disease which frequency increases with population ageing. Platelet hyperactivation may contribute to atherosclerosis by release of factors, which increase fibroblast and smooth muscle cell proliferation and perhaps lipid deposition. Many studies evidenced an increased platelet activation with ageing concomitantly to an increase of some coagulation factors, and an impaired response of endothelial cells leading to a prethrombotic state and facilitating the occurrence of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, in Alzheimer disease, a deposit of amyloid beta protein responsible for vascular and neuronal damage was evidenced. Platelet activation is responsible for the release of an amyloid beta protein precursor (the protease nexin 2). An increased platelet activation as demonstrated with aging, may thus explained the increased occurrence of Alzheimer disease.     

Urinary catecholamine excretion in aging]

In ageing female subjects, the urinary noradrenaline excretion (UNA) is reduced with respect to the controls in young adults. On the other hand the ratio UNA/clearance of endogenous creatinine increases with ageing. This provides a confirmation of the fact that ageing is associated with an increase in plasma noradrenaline. The ratio UA/clearance of creatinine remains unaltered. So far the physiological meaning of these results remains unclear.     

Acetylcholinesterase in aging of human erythrocytes]

Acetylcholinesterase possessed a different activity in the membranes of young, mature and old human erythrocytes - it was greatest in the mature and least in the old cells. In the young and mature erythrocytes the enzyme existed in the form of 3- and in the old ones in the form of 2-molecular components. The data obtained suggested that the changes in the structural organization of acetylcholinesterase in the red cell membrane had a direct relationship to the aging of these cells.     

Effect of aging on posture]

In order to assess the postural behaviour of the elderly, we have submitted twenty subjects of more than seventy years old to posturography. In all cases, compared to young people, significant variations of the posturographic parameters regarding in a particular way the total tracing length, the ellipse surface and the mean speed have been recorded. The conclusion is that the values obtained should always be compared with the standard values for each age group.