一株嗜热链球菌产多糖条件的优化

使用单因素和正交试验设计相结合的方法对培养基配方及培养条件进行优化提高嗜热链球菌AR333的胞外多糖(exopolysaccharides,EPS)产量.获得最佳培养基配方为:脱脂乳粉15％(w/v)、半乳糖1％ (w/v)、大豆蛋白胨0.5％ (w/v)、磷酸氢二钾0.1％ (w/v).最佳培养条件为:接种量3％,40℃,初始pH6.5,发酵时间16 h.优化后嗜热链球菌AR333的EPS产量可达256.97mg/L,比优化前的产量提高了3.6倍.     

嗜酸乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌共发酵互生机理的研究

目的:对嗜酸乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌共发酵时两者的互生作用机理进行研究。方法:以质量浓度100gL脱脂乳为培养基,将嗜酸乳杆菌主要代谢产物—氨基酸,如赖氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸分别以0.0083mgml、0.0036mgml、0.0053mgml的量加入含嗜热链球菌脱脂乳培养基中,40℃培养,测定凝乳时间;将嗜热链球菌的代谢产物-乳酸、甲酸分别为0.1332mgml和0.075mgml的量加入含嗜酸乳杆菌脱脂乳培养基中,37℃培养,测定其发酵乳的凝乳时间。结果:嗜热链球菌发酵乳凝乳时间由12h缩短到4h,pH为4.52～4.62,吉尔涅尔度为54.23～64.74°T;嗜酸乳杆菌发酵乳的凝乳时间由16h缩短为5h,pH为4.61～4.65;且嗜酸乳杆菌在CO2环境中发酵时,发酵时间明显缩短。结论:嗜酸乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌共发酵时具有互生关系。     

粘性嗜热链球菌ST-1产胞外多糖发酵条件优化

应用响应面法对一株粘性嗜热链球菌ST-1的产胞外多糖的发酵条件进行了优化.根据单因素的实验结果,选取接种量,发酵温度,发酵时间作为考察因素,以胞外多糖的产量作为响应值,利用Box-Behnken实验设计方法,建立了胞外多糖产量与三个考察因素之间的回归方程并得到最佳发酵条件为:接种量5%,发酵时间14 h,发酵温度42℃...     

可代谢半乳糖嗜热链球菌的诱变选育及其在发酵乳生产中的应用

【目的】嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)作为酸奶、奶酪等发酵乳制品的常用发酵剂,在乳品工业中应用广泛。大多数嗜热链球菌为半乳糖阴性(Gal^-)菌株,不能代谢半乳糖而将其排出到胞外,导致发酵乳中半乳糖含量增加。因此可通过化学诱变的方法处理嗜热链球菌,使其可代谢半乳糖,开发一种低半乳糖含量的发酵乳。【方法】利用亚硝基胍(nitrosoguanidine, NTG)对嗜热链球菌IMAU80846进行诱变处理,测定野生株嗜热链球菌IMAU80846与突变株β-半乳糖苷酶(β-galactosidase,β-Gal)、半乳糖激酶(galactokinase, GalK)、丙酮酸激酶(pyruvate kinase, PK)和葡萄糖激酶(glucokinase, GK)活性,分析编码这些酶的氨基酸序列,得到一株可代谢半乳糖的嗜热链球菌IMAU80846Y,同时对突变株进行全基因组测序,并检测野生株和突变株发酵乳中乳酸、乳糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖的含量,最后将野生株和突变株分别与德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种IMAU20450进行复配发酵,测定两组发酵乳在发酵与贮藏期间的发酵特性,制备一款低半乳糖含量的发酵乳。【结果】突变株嗜热链球菌IMAU80846Y的β-Gal、GalK活性高于野生株,PK和GK活性低于野生株,氨基酸序列与全基因组测序结果表明突变株与糖代谢有关基因发生突变,HPLC检测结果表明突变株发酵乳中乳糖、半乳糖的含量均低于野生株,而乳酸、葡萄糖的含量高于野生株。发酵特性的分析结果表明,与野生株复配组相比,突变株复配组发酵乳具有良好的滴定酸度、活菌数、黏度以及持水力。【结论】嗜热链球菌IMAU80846经NTG诱变后,菌株代谢半乳糖的能力发生了变化,利用该突变株可生产一款低半乳糖含量的发酵乳。     

嗜热链球菌培养条件的研究

将嗜热链球菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｔｈｅｒｍｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ）在６种固体培养基及７种液体培养基中的生长情况进行了比较,结果表明,改良ＩＲＩＥ固体培养基上的溶钙圈大,活菌数最多;在７种液体培养基中亦以改良ＩＲＩＥ的ＯＤ值最高,活菌最多,达８×１０^８／ｍｌ以上。以此培养基做生长曲线,该菌的平衡期为１２～１６ｈ。     

响应面法优化嗜热链球菌增殖培养基

目的 为了降低嗜热链球菌工业化生产成本,提高其发酵活菌数,对嗜热链球菌原始培养基的成分进行了响应面优化.方法 利用Design-Expert软件首先采用Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选出了影响嗜热链球菌生长的显著因子,再依据响应面法设计试验,得到嗜热链球菌的优化培养基配比.结果 乳糖、酵母粉和L-半胱氨酸为嗜热链球菌生长的显著性因子;优化后培养基配比由结果分析可知,当活菌数达到最大值时,即:乳糖的浓度为3.6％,酵母粉的浓度为1.74％,L-半胱氨酸的浓度为1.1％,牛肉蛋白胨1％,酪胨1％,KH2PO4 0.20％,Na2 HPO40.20％,叶温-80 0.1％活菌数为最高2.34×109 CFU/mL.结论 采用响应面分析法优化的培养基较经典TPY培养基活菌数提高了近2～3倍.     

响应面法优化嗜热链球菌AR333电转化条件

【背景】嗜热链球菌AR333是本实验室从发酵乳中筛选出的一株高产活性胞外多糖乳酸菌。【目的】建立嗜热链球菌AR333高效电转化体系。【方法】通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken响应面法优化电转化条件。【结果】嗜热链球菌AR333最优电转化条件为甘氨酸浓度8.3g/L,OD_(600)为0.8,10%甘油(体积比)和0.5 mol/L蔗糖的电转缓冲液,pIB184质粒80 ng,电场强度14 kV/cm,0.4 mol/L山梨醇、2 mmol/L CaCl_2和20 mmol/L MgCl_2的LM17复苏培养基,复苏时间5 h。【结论】在最优电转化条件下,嗜热链球菌AR333电转化效率达到3.68×10~5 CFU/μg-DNA,比优化前提高了14倍,实现了嗜热链球菌AR333的高效遗传转化,为其功能解析和基因工程改造奠定基础。     

嗜热性乙醇发酵的研究进展

本文介绍了嗜热硫化氢梭菌,布氏嗜热厌氧细菌、乙醇嗜热厌氧杆菌,热纤梭菌等嗜热乙醇苗的生长特性以及嗜热性乙醇发酵过程中与终产物形成相关的酶学特性和代谢调控机理,最后讨论了几种提高乙醇产量的技术。     

嗜热拟青霉固体发酵产木聚糖酶条件的优化*

从土壤中筛选出一株高产木聚糖酶的嗜热真菌J18,经鉴定为一种新的拟青霉,暂定为嗜热拟青霉。该菌能够利用几种天然纤维质材料固体发酵产木聚糖酶,小麦秸杆为最佳碳源。单因素优化试验表明：小麦秸杆粒度为0．3mm-0．45mm,初始水分含量83％,初始pH7．0,温度为50℃为最佳产酶条件。在优化后的条件下,培养8d产木聚糖酶的水平高达18,580U／g干基碳源。因此,嗜热拟青霉固体发酵产木聚糖酶将具有很大的工业化应用前景。     

酵母菌的高密度发酵

高密度发酵是酵母工业的发展趋势。本文分析了限制酵母菌高密度发酵的可能的因素,并讨论了高密度发酵的研究进展和发展方向。最后介绍了高密度发酵的清洁生产工艺。     

Isolation and characterisation of promoter regions from Streptococcus thermophilus

Abstract Four promoter regions required for the expression of a promoterless antibiotic resistance gene ( cat194 ) in Streptococcus thermophilus were isolated by random chromosomal cloning experiments. These were shown to be functional in vivo, and their sequences were determined. Each region expressed different amounts of Cat protein as determined by enzyme activities. One region, STP10, was found to contain the 5' coding region of the large ribosomal subunit protein L20.     

基因工程菌高密度发酵工艺研究进展

阐述了基因工程菌高密度发酵工艺的几个主要影响因素,包括重组菌构建、培养条件、生长抑制因子以及它们的控制技术。通过高密度发酵可以提高细胞生长密度、目的蛋白的表达含量。在高密度发酵过程中,会产生一些有害抑制代谢副产物,但通过分批补料可以降低影响。     

Characterisation of Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ1205 and its cured and re-lysogenised derivatives

Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ1205 is the lysogenic host for the temperate phage phi O1205. A derivative of CNRZ1205 was isolated which was cured of phi O1205 and this strain was used to construct a re-lysogenised derivative. Pulse field gel electrophoresis and sequencing of the attachment site regions confirmed that excision and re-integration of the phage was a site-specific event. Interestingly, cells from the cured, as well as its re-lysogenised derivative, were found to have a very long chain length.     

High-frequency deletion involving closely spaced rRNA gene sets in Streptococcus thermophilus

Abstract Homologous rDNA probes were used to study the number of rRNA genes in a five-generation genealogy of Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ368. Whereas the CNRZ368 strain contained six rRNA loci, four independant mutants with five rrn loci were obtained. The deletion frequency was 5 × 10⁻². Molecular analysis provided identical hybridization patterns for all the deletion mutants. The deletion was shown to occur within the two close rRNA loci, rrnD and rrnE , probably due to a homologous recombination event and to give rise to a hybrid rrnD/E locus.     

Multifactorial experimental design for optimizing transformation: Electroporation of Streptococcus thermophilus

A multifactorial process was used to optimize transformation of Streptococcus thermophilus by electroporation. Simple experimental designs were applied to study three, four, or five factors in eight experiments. Four qualitative factors, growth and recovering media, and plasmid and bacterial strains, were studied empirically. Eight quantitative factors, including electrical, physiological, and chemical parameters, were studied by fractional factorial designs. Effects of individual parameters as well as interactions between them were investigated and optimized. Optimization was performed for one S. thermophilus strain, ST11, and proved to work for all other tested strains of the same species. Transformation efficiencies of 9 x 10(2) to 6 x 10(5) transformants per microgram DNA were achieved, depending on the strains and vectors used. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Mur1, a Streptococcus thermophilus peptidoglycan hydrolase devoid of a specific cell wall binding domain

The gene encoding Mur1, a Streptococcus thermophilus peptidoglycan hydrolase, was cloned by homology with acmA, the Lactococcus lactis major autolysin gene. Mur1 is a 24.7-kDa protein endowed with a putative signal peptide. Sequence analysis evidenced that Mur1 encompasses exactly the AcmA region containing the catalytic domain, but lacks the one containing amino acid repeats involved in cell wall binding. Mur1 appears to be expressed and cell-associated in S. thermophilus, as revealed by immunoblot analysis. These results suggest that the cell wall attachment mode of Mur1 differs from that of most peptidoglycan hydrolases described so far.     

Identification of four loci isolated from two Streptococcus thermophilus phage genomes responsible for mediating bacteriophage resistance

Sequence data derived from the Streptococcus thermophilus phages phiO1205 and phi7201 indicated that each of these phages contains a distinct DNA region dedicated to replication. Southern blotting experiments showed that phages infecting S. thermophilus may be divided into at least two groups, each containing the presumptive replication functions of either φO1205 (group I) or φ7201 (group II). Specific regions from the putative replication module of each of the two phages were examined for their ability to provide phage resistance.