共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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采用正交设计L9(34)对影响葡萄ISSR-PCR反应体系的4个因素(dNTP、TaqDNA聚合酶、引物、模板DNA)在3个浓度水平上进行试验,并通过直观分析初步确定其反应体系;在此基础上,通过单因素试验探讨了dNTP、TaqDNA聚合酶、引物、模板DNA、退火温度及循环次数等因素或条件对葡萄ISSR-PCR扩增结果的影响,确定最佳反应水平。最终建立了葡萄ISSR-PCR扩增的最佳反应体系:在25μL的反应体系中,dNTP浓度0.2 mmol/L,TaqDNA聚合酶的用量0.5 U,引物浓度0.4mmol/L,DNA模板用量40 ng。反应程序:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性1 min,52℃退火1 min,72℃延伸1 min 30 s,40次循环;最后72℃延伸10 min,10℃保存。 相似文献
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Florian Celette Jacques Wery Eric Chantelot Julia Celette Christian Gary 《Plant and Soil》2005,276(1-2):205-217
In the Mediterranean area, the introduction of cover crops in vineyards is hampered by the risk of severe competition for
water. Belowground interactions are still not very clear in this perennial-herbaceous association. This work was aimed at
characterizing the development of the root systems of associated crops and the soil water dynamics. It also investigated whether
water competition could be the cause of vine vigour and yield reductions. Experiments were conducted in a 4-year-old association
(vine – tall fescue) and in a weed controlled vineyard. Water transfers in the soil were estimated on the basis of the soil
water potential and soil hydrodynamic properties. The vine root system was concentrated in the soil under the row, whereas
the intercrop highly colonized a soil compartment under the inter-row to a depth of approximately 1 m. Despite this spatial
complementarity in root distribution, intercropping reduced the amount of soil water available for the vine crop. The low
soil water content reduced soil water conductivity thereby limiting water transfers, despite a significant gradient in the
soil water potential. This conductivity did not differ significantly between treatments but the intercrop enhanced the infiltration
of winter rainwater, probably by limiting surface runoff. There was temporal complementarity in this association since the
period of intense water uptake by the intercrop occurred earlier than noted for the vine under bare soil conditions. Nevertheless,
the competition for water was limited by better refilling of the soil water profile during winter in the intercropped treatment.
The intercrop clearly interacted with the vine and decreased its vegetative vigor. Since predawn leaf water potential and
stomatal conductance did not differ among treatments, mechanism(s) other than competition for water (e.g. nutrient competition,
allelopathy) may be responsible. 相似文献
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Vaillant-Gaveau N Maillard P Wojnarowiez G Gross P Clément C Fontaine F 《Journal of experimental botany》2011,62(12):4183-4190
The distribution of carbon (C) into whole grapevine fruiting cuttings was investigated during flower development to determine the relative contribution of inflorescence and leaf photoassimilates in the total C balance and to investigate their partitioning towards other plant organs. A (13)C labelling procedure was used to label C photoassimilates by leaves and inflorescences in grapevine. Investigations were carried out at various stages of flower/berry development, from separated cluster to fruit set, using grapevine fruiting cuttings with four leaves (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chardonnay). This is the first study reporting that, during its development, (i) the carbon needs of the inflorescence were met by both leaf and inflorescence photosynthesis, and (ii) the inflorescence amazingly participated significantly to the total C balance of grapevine cuttings by redistributing an important part of its own assimilates to other plant organs. With regard to flowering, 29% of C assimilated by the inflorescence remained in the inflorescence, while partitioning towards the stem reached 42% and, as a lower proportion, 15% in leaves, and 14% in roots. 相似文献
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Dynamic Relation between Expansion and Cellular Turgor in Growing Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Leaves 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Measurements of the growth and water relations of expanding grape (Vitis vinifera L.) leaves have been used to determine the relationship between leaf expansion rate and leaf cell turgor. Direct measurement of turgor on the small (approximately 15 micrometer diameter) epidermal cells over the midvein of expanding grape leaves was made possible by improvements in the pressure probe technique. Leaf expansion rate and leaf water status were perturbed by environmentally induced changes in plant transpiration. After establishing a steady state growth rate, a step decrease in plant transpiration resulted in a rapid and large increase in leaf cell turgor (0.25 megapascal in 5 minutes), and leaf expansion rate. Subsequently, leaf expansion rate returned to the original steady state rate with no change in cell turgor. These results indicate that the expansion rate of leaves may not be strongly related to the turgor of the leaf cells, and that substantial control of leaf expansion rate, despite changes in turgor, may be part of normal plant function. It is suggested that a strictly physical interpretation of the parameters most commonly used to describe the relationship between turgor and growth in plant cells (cell wall extensibility and yield threshold) may be inappropriate when considering the process of plant cell expansion. 相似文献
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Lebon G Wojnarowiez G Holzapfel B Fontaine F Vaillant-Gaveau N Clément C 《Journal of experimental botany》2008,59(10):2565-2578
Sugars play an important role in grapevine flowering. This complex process from inflorescence initiation to fruit maturity takes two growing seasons. Currently, most of the available data concern the involvement of sugars as energy sources during the formation of reproductive structures from initiation of inflorescences during the summer of the first year, until flower opening during the following spring. Sugars devoted to the development of reproductive structures are supplied either by wood reserves or by photosynthesis in leaves or inflorescences, depending on the stage of development. Female meiosis appears to be a key point in the success of flower formation because (i) flowers are vulnerable at this stage and (ii) it corresponds in the whole plant to the transition between reserve mobilization from perennial organs (roots, trunk, and canes) towards efficient leaf photosynthesis. The perturbation of reserve replenishment during the previous year provokes perturbation in the development of inflorescences, whereas altering the photosynthetic sources affects the formation of flowers during the same year. In particular, a lack of sugar availability in flowers at female meiosis caused by various environmental or physiological fluctuations may lead to drastic flower abortion. Apart from energy, sugars also play roles as regulators of gene expression and as signal molecules that may be involved in stress responses. In the future, these two topics should be further investigated in the grapevine considering the sensitivity of flowers to environmental stresses at meiosis. 相似文献
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Véronique Guellec Chantal David Michel Branchard Jacques Tempé 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1990,20(3):211-215
Genetically transformed grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) roots were obtained after inocultation of in vitro grown whole plants (cv. Grenache) with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The strain used contains two plasmids: the wild-type Ri plasmid pRi 15834 and a Ti-derived plasmid which carries a chimaeric neomycin phosphotrans-ferase gene (NPT II) and the nopaline synthase gene. Expression of the NPT II gene can confer kanamycin resistance to transformed plant cells. Slowly growing axenic root cultures derived from single root tips were obtained. Opine analysis indicated the presence of agropine and/or nopaline in established root cultures. For one culture, the presence of T-DNA was confirmed by dot-blot hybridization with pRi 15834 TL-DNA. Callogenesis was induced by subculturing root fragments on medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine and indoleacetic acid.Transformation of in vitro cultured grapevine cells has recently been reported (baribault T.J. et al., Plant Cell Rep (1989) 8: 137–140). In contrast with the results presented here, expession of the NPT II gene Conferred kanamycin resistance to Vitis vinifera calli that was sufficient for selection of trasformed cells.Abbreviations BAP
benzylaminopurine
- IAA
indoleacetic acid
- NAA
naphtaleneacetic acid
- NPT II
neomycin phosphostransferase II
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 相似文献
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Summary Mature healthy grape berries and berries wound-inoculated with the fungusBotrytis cinerea were examined by1H NMR microimaging using 2D and 3D spin echo and gradient echo procedures. These NMR images were compared with representations obtained by conventional histology, where possible using the same specimens. 3D imaging datasets from excised seeds were reconstructed by surface rendering and maximum intensity projection to allow interpretation of their internal structure. T2-weighted spin echo images revealed the major features of the pericarp, septum and loculi of whole berries. T1-weighted images were less discriminatory of parenchyma tissues in the fruit but revealed the endosperm in seeds as a chemically shifted feature. A non-invasive study by T1-weighted spin echo NMR imaging of infection byB. cinerea over a 6-day period showed that the disease spread throughout the exocarp but failed to spread in the mesocarp, a result confirmed by histological examination of the same specimen. Surface rendering of 3D datasets of excised seeds revealed the two ruminations of the endosperm and the distal location of the chalaza. The position of the embryonic axis was revealed in T2-weighted maximum intensity projections. This noninvasive study revealed the need to apply a range of imaging techniques and parameters to visualise the structural features of the different parts of the grape berry.Abbrevations BF
bright field
- FDA
fluorescein diacetate
- FI
field inhomogeneity
- FOV
field of view
- NMR
nuclear magnetic resonance
- RF
radiofrequency
- T1
spin-lattice relaxation time
- T2
spin-spin relaxation time
- TE
echo time
- TMS
tetramethylsilane
- TR
repeat time 相似文献
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Enrico Braidot Marco Zancani Elisa Petrussa Carlo Peresson Alberto Bertolini Sonia Patui Francesco Macrì Angelo Vianello 《Plant signaling & behavior》2008,3(9):626-632
Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants that represent a huge portion of the soluble phenolics present in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). These compounds play different physiological roles and are often involved in protection against biotic and abiotic stress. Even if the flavonoid biosynthetic pathways have been largely characterized, the mechanisms of their transport and accumulation in cell wall and vacuole are still not completely understood. This review analyses the known mechanisms of flavonoid uptake and accumulation in grapevine, with reference to the transport models and membrane carrier proteins described in other plant species. The effect of different environmental factors on flavonoid biosynthesis and transporters is also discussed.Key words: ABC proteins, active transport, bilitranslocase, biotic and abiotic stress, flavonoid, secondary metabolites 相似文献
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Zvjezdana Marković Philippe Chatelet Isabelle Sylvestre Jasminka Karoglan Kontić Florent Engelmann 《Central European Journal of Biology》2013,8(10):993-1000
In this work, we compared the efficiency of encapsulation-dehydration and droplet-vitrification techniques for cryopreserving grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Portan shoot tips. Recovery of cryopreserved samples was achieved with both techniques; however, droplet-vitrification, which was used for the first time with grapevine shoot tips, produced higher regrowth. With encapsulationdehydration, encapsulated shoot tips were precultured in liquid medium with progressively increasing sucrose concentrations over a 2-day period (12 h in medium with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 M sucrose), then dehydrated to 22.28% moisture content (fresh weight). After liquid nitrogen exposure 37.1% regrowth was achieved using 1 mm-long shoot tips and only 16.0% with 2 mm-long shoot tips. With droplet-vitrification, 50% regrowth was obtained following treatment of shoot tips with a loading solution containing 2 M glycerol + 0.4 M sucrose for 20 min, dehydration with half-strength PVS2 vitrification solution (30% (w/v) glycerol, 15% (w/v) ethylene glycol, 15% dimethylsulfoxide and 0.4 M sucrose in basal medium) at room temperature, then with full strength PVS2 solution at 0°C for 50 min before direct immersion in liquid nitrogen. No regrowth was achieved after cryopreservation when shoot tips were dehydrated with PVS3 vitrification solution (50% (w/v) glycerol and 50% (w/v) sucrose in basal medium). 相似文献