高等植物体内激子相干迁移与俘获

依据所建立的色素分子排列和取向的新型结构模型,利用激发能传递的广义主方程理论,提出了高等植物体内激子相干迁移与俘获的点阵理论,研究了静态荧光量子产额、定态能量传递速率和荧光强度的变化规律。指出激子相干迁移有助于活体的激发能转移与俘获,并且它有可能是活体内激子寿命的限制因素之一。     

两种不同红藻的R—藻红蛋白激发强度相关的皮秒（10^…

本文研究了分别从红藻多管藻和条斑紫菜中提取的两种不同光谱类型的Ｒ－藻红蛋白Ｒ－ｐｈｙｃｏｅｒｙｔｈｒｉｎ激发强度相关的皮秒（１０＾－１２秒）荧光衰减动力学过程。结果发现：随激光强增大,单重态－单重态激子湮灭发生（其衰减过程约为６０－８０皮秒）,并引起荧光量子产率下降。这两种Ｒ－藻红蛋白在相同光强激发下,表现出不同的单重态－单重态激子湮灭过程,主要因它们处于激发态的发色团数目不同所致。     

两种不同红藻的R－藻红蛋白激发强度相关的皮秒（10~（－12）秒）荧光动力学研究

本文研究了分别从红藻多管藻（Ｐｏｌｙｓｉｐｈｏｎｉａｕｒｃｅｏｌａｔｅ）和条斑紫菜（Ｐｏｒｐｈｙｒａｙｅｚｏｅｎｓｉｓ）中提取的两种不同光谱类型的Ｒ－藻红蛋白Ｒ－ｐｈｙｃｏｅｒｙｔｈｒｉｎ激发强度相关的皮秒（１０－１２秒）荧光衰减动力学过程。结果发现：随激发光强增大,单重态－单重态激子湮灭发生（其衰减过程约为６０～８０皮秒）,并引起荧光量子产率下降。这两种Ｂ－藻红蛋白在相同光强激发下,表现出不同的单重态一单重态激子湮灭过程,主要因它们处于激发态的发色团数目不同所致。     

去污剂SDS和OGP扰动后光系统Ⅱ的蛋白热稳定性研究

对去污剂SDS和OGP扰动后的光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的稳定性进行了分析研究。在不同的去污剂条件下,对PSⅡ进行了放氧活性和叶绿素荧光参数的测定,并使用圆二色（CD）光谱和差式扫描量热法（DSC）进行了分析。实验表明SDS扰动导致PSⅡ的放氧活性和叶绿素荧光参数Fv′/Fm′降低,但对叶绿素激子相互作用的影响很小。而OGP扰动对PSⅡ的放氧活性和叶绿素荧光参数Fv′/Fm′r影响不大,但减弱了叶绿素激子相互作用。结果说明SDS对PSⅡ的外周蛋白扰动显著,而OGP主要对PSⅡ的内在膜蛋白有扰动作用。结合DSC分析的结果,说明PSⅡ中外周蛋白受扰动会大大降低PSⅡ整体的热稳定性,而内在膜蛋白受扰动对PSⅡ整体的热稳定性并没有明显的影响。     

毛尖紫萼藓(Grimmia pilifera P.Beauv) PSII光化学效率对脱水和复水的响应

利用快速叶绿素荧光动力学技术研究了毛尖紫萼藓脱水和复水过程中叶绿素荧光变化,结果显示在脱水过程中毛尖紫萼藓PSⅡ的最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、光合机构电子传递的量子产额（ETo／ABS）、捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中超过QA的其它电子受体的概率（ETo／TRo）、单位叶面积的反应中心的数量（RC／CSo）以及PSⅡ受体库（Area）对叶片含水量的响应等均存在相对含水量阈值。在阈值范围内脱水,对以上荧光参数影响不大,低于阈值后,各荧光参数值迅速下降,直至PSⅡ反应中心完全关闭以及光化学过程结束。再复水后,毛尖紫萼藓光合机构的最大捕光效率、实际光化学效率、PSⅡ反应中心受体侧的电子传递链以及反应中心均能得到快速而有效的恢复。表明一定时间内脱水不会对毛尖紫萼藓的光合器官造成严重伤害,光合系统仍维持在可恢复状态。     

尖叶走灯藓(Plagiomnium cuspidatum ) 叶绿素荧光对复合重金属胁迫的响应

利用快速叶绿素荧光动力学技术研究了Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋、Pb^2＋四种重金属离子复合污染下尖叶走灯藓Plagiomnium cuspidatum（Hedw.）T.Kop.叶绿素荧光动力学以及叶绿素含量的变化。结果显示,重金属胁迫导致尖叶走灯藓PSII反应中心的最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、光合机构电子传递的量子产额（ETo/ABS）、捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中超过QA的其它电子受体的概率（ETo/TRo）、单位叶面积的反应中心的数量（RC/CSo）降低。重金属胁迫也显著降低尖叶走灯藓植物体叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量以及Chla/b的值,降低的程度与重金属浓度和胁迫时间有关。尖叶走灯藓可以耐受10μmol/L浓度的复合重金属污染,在10μmol/L浓度范围内,尖叶走灯藓PSII最大光化学效率Fv/Fm、单位面积有活性反应中心的数目RC/CSO、捕获的激子将电子传递到超过QA的其它电子受体的概率ETO/TRO以及用于电子传递的量子产额ETO/ABS等与对照相比均无明显变化,表明在此浓度范围内,重金属不会对尖叶走灯藓的光合器官造成伤害。50μmol/L和100μmol/L浓度的重金属则造成光合系统的不可逆损伤。     

软枣猕猴桃叶片光系统Ⅱ活性对不同温度的响应

以软枣猕猴桃"魁绿"为试验材料,利用快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线分析技术(JIP-test)研究了热胁迫处理对植株叶片光系统Ⅱ活性的影响。结果显示:(1)软枣猕猴桃叶片最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)在35~48℃的范围内并没有明显变化,只有当温度升高到52℃时才显著下降。(2)随着温度升高,叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线中J点和I点的相对可变荧光Vj和Vi呈显著下降趋势,在52℃又显著升高,而K点的相对可变荧光Vk则逐渐上升;叶片捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中QA-下游电子受体的概率(ψ0)随着温度升高而逐渐上升,但在52℃时显著下降。(3)随着热胁迫时间的延长,Vj和Vi随时间延长而升高,ψ0则下降,电子传递链受体侧受到了严重的抑制。研究表明,高温显著抑制了软枣猕猴桃叶片PSⅡ电子传递链供体侧和受体侧的活性,但PSⅡ的供体侧比受体侧对高温更加敏感;JIP-test测定的相关参数能有效地评价不同温度对软枣猕猴桃光系统活性的影响。     

圆二色谱激子手性法进展及其在天然产物绝对构型确定中的应用

本文综述了圆二色谱激子手性法进展及其在天然产物绝对构型确定中的应用.     

圆二色谱激子手笥法进展及其在天然产物绝对构型确定中的应用

本文综述了圆二色谱激子手性法进展及其在天然产物绝对构型确定中地应用。     

晴天条件下光、温变化对苹果绿色果皮原初光化学反应的影响

利用快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学和光谱反射测定技术,研究了晴天条件下,光、温变化对苹果绿色果皮原初光化学反应的影响.结果表明：一天内,随着光、温的增强,金冠苹果果皮在12:00-14:00存在较严重的光抑制.O-J-I-P荧光诱导曲线在300 μs处的相对可变荧光（W_k）几乎没有变化,说明果皮PSⅡ的放氧复合体（OEC）的活性在一天当中没有受到强光和高温的伤害;但是果皮捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中Q_A-下游电子受体的概率（Ψ_o）从8:00-12:00逐渐下降,说明金冠果皮PSⅡ反应中心受体侧的功能受到抑制.强光降低了果皮单位面积上有活性的反应中心（RC/CS）的数量,导致单位反应中心吸收的光能（ABS/RC）增加.果皮的光化学反应（TR_o/RC）不能完全利用所吸收的光能,使单位反应中心的热耗散（DI_o/RC）增加.伴随着光抑制的出现,苹果果皮叶黄素库的脱环化比例增加,表明强光下,果皮启动了叶黄素循环机制,来耗散过剩光能,以减轻过剩光能对光合机构的进一步伤害;一天中,光强和温度的增加均可加重果皮的光抑制程度,但光强对果皮的影响程度显著大于温度对果皮的影响.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.