石榴叶总黄酮提取工艺及体外抗氧化性研究

目的:研究石榴叶总黄酮的提取工艺及体外抗氧化性.方法:利用L9(34)正交设计实验,探讨了提取条件对石榴叶中总黄酮提取量的影响,并采用Fenton体系和邻苯三酚自氧化法评价了该提取物的体外抗氧化能力.结果:最佳提取工艺条件为:80%的乙醇、料液比为1:15、提取温度为60℃、提取时问4h,即A3B1 C3D2,此条件下提取的总黄酮含量为0.4281%;石榴叶总黄酮清除·OH和抑制邻苯三酚自氧化能力均略高于VC.结论:实验表明石榴叶总黄酮具有较强的体外抗氧化活性.     

高压脉冲电场辅助酶法提取鹿托盘胶原蛋白北大核心CSCD

为了提高鹿托盘中胶原蛋白的提取率,采用高压脉冲电场技术辅助胃蛋白酶的方法提取胶原蛋白。以胶原蛋白提取率为指标,通过对胃蛋白酶添加量、脉冲数和电场强度进行单因素考察,采用正交实验对胶原蛋白提取条件进行优化。优选出鹿托盘胶原蛋白的最佳提取条件为:胃蛋白酶添加量2%、脉冲数8、电场强度20k V.cm-1,在该条件下鹿托盘胶原蛋白的提取率可达到(73.27±0.73)%。与普通酶法相比,高压脉冲电场辅助提取胶原蛋白的得率比普通酶法提高了10.34%,且处理时间较短。聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳结果表明所提取的胶原蛋白由α1、α2和β-亚基组成,结构特征表明胶原蛋白具有完整的螺旋结构和Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的特性。该研究可为高压脉冲电场用于胶原蛋白的提取提供理论参考。     

高压脉冲电场法快速提取北五味子中五味子醇甲的工艺研究

本文采用正交实验优化提取方法,HPLC法测定五味子醇甲含量,对五味子的快速提取工艺方法进行了研究。结果表明:以80%乙醇作为提取液,电场强度10 kv/cm,脉冲数为10,料液比1∶10为最佳提取工艺;影响因素的大小依次为:电场强度、料液比、脉冲数。此法提取五味子中的五味子醇甲,提取率可达0.76%,得膏率达27.886%。本提取工艺可行,经济、省时、回收率高。     

响应面法优化干花豆总黄酮提取工艺研究

干花豆( Fordia cauliflora)的主要有效成分为黄酮类、生物碱、有机酸等,具有益智、抗衰老、抗炎等作用。目前的研究主要集中在化学成分及药理活性等方面,对总黄酮成分提取工艺优化报道较少。该研究以新鲜干花豆为材料,以总黄酮提取量为评价指标,在提取温度、料液比、乙醇浓度和提取时间单因素实验基础上,采用响应面法优化了干花豆总黄酮提取工艺,同时测定了总黄酮对1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼自由基( DPPH.)和羟基自由基(.OH)清除能力。结果表明：干花豆总黄酮提取最佳工艺条件为提取温度78℃、料液比为1∶30(g.mL-1)、乙醇浓度71％和提取时间为187 min。在此条件下,总黄酮得率预测值为10.61 mg.g-1,实际为10.53 mg.g-1,理论值与预测值的相对误差为0.76％;干花豆总黄酮对DPPH和OH自由基清除能力IC50值分别为14.09和78.43μg.mL-1,弱于Vc(8.11和67.95μg.mL-1)。该提取工艺稳定合理,准确可靠,是提取干花豆总黄酮的可行方法。该研究结果为干花豆中总黄酮成分的进一步开发利用奠定了基础。     

雪松松针多糖超声波酶法提取及其抗氧化性

为优化雪松松针多糖超声波酶法的提取工艺,并研究多糖结构及其抗氧化性。通过响应面法分析确定最佳提取参数为:3. 0 g松针粉末,液料比20∶1(m L∶g),提取温度80℃,超声功率560 W,超声时间47 min,纤维素酶用量12 FPU/g原料,提取两次,多糖得率高达10. 39%。采用高效液相色谱、红外光谱和核磁共振光谱等对松针多糖进行了结构表征,松针多糖以β-糖苷键为主要连接方式,并由葡萄糖、果糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖等单糖组成。体外抗氧化性研究结果表明:松针粗多糖对羟基自由基(·OH)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力远高于纯化多糖,呈现出良好的量效关系,粗多糖对·OH和DPPH·的半抑制浓度IC50分别为0. 47 g/L和0. 076 g/L。     

超声法提取山里红叶总黄酮及其抗氧化活性研究

采用超声辅助提取法从山里红叶中提取总黄酮。通过Box Behnken实验设计(BBD)结合响应面法(RSM)来优化超声提取的条件。影响山里红叶总黄酮提取效率的4个主要变量为液固比,温度,乙醇浓度和时间,得到的最佳值分别为15,40℃,40%,32 min。在此条件下,总黄酮的产率为15.50 mg·g^-1。体外抗氧化实验表明,山里红叶提取物的DPPH自由基清除能力为0.69 mg·mL^-1(以IC₅₀值表示) ,与传统的浸渍提取和热回流提取方法相比,超声提取的方法具有更好的抗氧化活性。实验结果表明超声提取法适用于提取山里红叶中的总黄酮,并且其提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性。     

酶辅助法提取透骨草中总黄酮及抗氧化性研究

本文采用纤维素酶辅助法提取透骨草中总黄酮,即先用纤维素酶酶解透骨草,再用乙醇回流法提取透骨草中的总黄酮。分别固定提取剂乙醇浓度为70%,料液比为1∶20 g/m L,初步探究了纤维素酶浓度、酶解p H、酶解温度、酶解时间四个单因素对透骨草总黄酮提取率的影响。设计正交实验确定了酶辅助法提取透骨草中总黄酮的较佳条件:纤维素酶浓度为2 U/m L、酶解p H=4.5、酶解温度为45℃、酶解时间2 h,总黄酮提取率为1.27%。本文初步探究了透骨草总黄酮提取液对羟自由基的清除活性,对照实验结果表明透骨草提取液对羟自由基清除活性要高于相同浓度的芦丁与二丁基羟基甲苯。     

用脉冲电场凝胶电泳检测电离辐射所致哺乳动物细胞DNA双链断裂

 本文将反向交变电场和六角形电极电场这两种脉冲电场凝胶电泳技术应用于X线照射小鼠乳癌细胞SR-1所致DNA双链断裂的检测,在本实验条件下,用这种电泳都能检测到低至1.5Gy照射所产生的DNA双链断裂,并且用六角形电极电场电泳获得了DNA双链断裂程度与照射剂量之间的良好线性关系,此外,还用此方法观察了不同浓度自由基清除剂DMSO对X线照射SR-1细胞所致DNA双链断裂的保护作用,结果进一步证实本方法的可靠性。     

黄芪茎叶总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

以黄芪茎叶为材料、总黄酮的提取率为指标,通过正交试验确定了醇提的最佳工艺：乙醇浓度90%、料液比1∶10、在60℃下提取15 h,黄芪茎叶总黄酮得率达382%。体外抗氧化活性研究发现,黄芪茎叶总黄酮对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基均有较高的清除能力,并与总黄酮质量浓度呈一定的正相关关系。     

淫羊藿总黄酮的超声辅助提取及其抗氧化活性

利用超声波辅助乙醇提取淫羊藿中的总黄酮,通过单因素和正交试验法获得最佳工艺条件后,考察黄酮提取物对油脂的抗氧化性能及对·OH的清除效果.结果表明:体积分数70％的乙醇、料液比(g/mL) 1:30、超声提取时间30 min、超声温度50℃时为最佳条件,得到淫羊藿提取物中总黄酮质量分数为2.246％.淫羊藿总黄酮对·OH清除效果随浓度的增大而升高,对油脂氧化亦有较强的抑制作用.     

脉冲电场下肿瘤细胞的窗口效应

基于多层电介质模型,对于适应于球形生物细胞的脉冲电场,提出了一种等效电路模型,在相同频域下,内膜和外膜的变化趋势相同,频域分析表明,不同频谱场将引起不同的生物医学效应．我们针对癌症细胞计算了跨膜电压,并讨论了脉冲和跨膜电压以及阻抗的关系．结果表明不同的频域和不同的持续时间对细胞的内膜和外膜有选择性的影响,时域和频域的分析显示,在细胞上有一个窗口,当持续时间在10^-8～10^-6 s之间,细胞内膜的电压将高于细胞外膜的电压．窗口效应为解释生物细胞的脉冲电学效应提供了一种参考思路．     

猪血红蛋白(Hb)脉冲酶解效果比较研究

目的寻找一种高效快捷有效地降解猪血红蛋白(Hb)新方法。方法在波型为双向方波,电极间距离为1.2 cm,脉冲频率为200 kHz的脉冲电场下,利用胰蛋白酶在温度为37℃,水解时间为4 h条件下水解猪血红蛋白。结果在脉冲电场作用下,胰蛋白酶水解血红蛋白获得的降解产物,利用高效凝胶色谱、紫外可见扫描及SDS-PAGE蛋白质电泳检测,发现其吸收峰或色带明显多于单一利用胰蛋白酶降解血红蛋白所得降解产物的吸收峰或色带。结论当脉冲电场通过血红蛋白时,血红蛋白内部的分子结构便产生斯塔克效应(Stark effect),引起血红蛋白分子剧烈振动,从而改变其分子结构振辐、吸收峰和偶极矩,并分别引起斯塔克频率、偶极矩、极化率的改变、使血红蛋白分子结构的极化跃迁和超极化,因此,在脉冲电场作用下,促进了血红蛋白酶解反应。     

Synthesis, characterization, interaction with DNA and cytotoxicity in vitro of dinuclear Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes dibridged by 2,2'-azanediyldibenzoic acid

The dinuclear complexes [Pd₂(L)₂(bipy)₂] (1), [Pd₂(L)₂(phen)₂] (2), [Pt₂(L)₂(bipy)₂] (3) and [Pt₂(L)₂(phen)₂] (4), where bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and L = 2,2′-azanediyldibenzoic dianion) dibridged by H₂L ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The binding of the complexes with fish sperm DNA (FS-DNA) were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicate that the four complexes bound to DNA with different binding affinity, in the order complex 4 > complex 3 > complex 2 > complex 1, and the complex 3 binds to DNA in both coordination and intercalative mode. Gel electrophoresis assay demonstrates the ability of the complexes to cleave the pBR 322 plasmid DNA. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes was tested against four different cancer cell lines. The four complexes exhibited cytotoxic specificity and significant cancer cell inhibitory rate.     

Promotion of Female Strobili Flowering and Seed Production in two Japanese Pine Species by 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) Paste Application in a Field Seed Orchard

Treatment with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) to promote the flowering of female strobili and to increase seed production in a seed orchard was examined at different times of conebud differentiation for Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) and Japanese black pine (P. thunbergii), from late August to mid-September 1998. BAP was mixed with lanolin and Vaseline to prepare a paste (BAP, 2000 mg/L), which was used for a terminal bud treatment and also applied in a girdling treatment. The BAP treatment in early September transformed lateral buds on lower branches that would have normally differentiated as male strobili into female strobili. The highest percentages of female flowering branches were 21.1% (red) and 40.5% (black) produced by the terminal bud treatment, while control branch percentages were 5.0% and 7.1%, respectively. Girdling combined with BAP treatment further promoted female flowering branches to 32.3% (red) and 64.3% (black), while those of controls were 8.3% and 9.9%, respectively. Moreover, the numbers of female strobili per female flowering branch were 6 to 11-fold greater than controls. Mature seed cones were harvested in October two years later from which full seeds with a high germination ratio were recovered. Use of BAP treatment is thus highly effective for enhancing seed production in seed orchards of these two pine species.     

Effect of Seasonal and Regional Variations on Phenolic Compounds of Deverra scoparia (Flowers/Seeds) Methanolic Extract and the Evaluation of Its in Vitro Antioxidant Activity

The widespread use of Deverra scoparia Coss. & Durieu in Algerian folk‐medicine as a remedy can be relatively attributed to its total phenolic compounds. The current study aimed to provide a scientific basis for optimal collection and usage of Deverra scoparia Coss. & Durieu plant. Hence, 37 samples were gathered from nine sites in Algeria during two seasons 2016 and 2017, then exposed to a green extraction. Total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (FC) and condensed tannins (CTC) content were estimated spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was measured using five different methods, DPPH^., ABTS^.+, FRAP, CUPRAC and Fe²⁺‐chelating. The results have revealed considerable amounts of TPC varied from 804 to 1544 mg GAE/100 g dry matter, FC started from 187 up to 410 mg QE/100 g dry matter and CTC varied from 111 to 394 mg CE/100 g dry matter. The best IC₅₀ values (μg/mL) of DPPH^., ABTS^?+, FRAP, CUPRAC and Fe²⁺‐chelating tests were 56.62, 5.41, 21.26, 52.93 and 78.10, respectively. Moreover, high correlations were found between CTC and most of the antioxidant tests. Hence, CTC are suggested to be the principal group of antioxidant activity in Deverra scoparia Coss. & Durieu extracts.     

Effect of Carica papaya on beta catenin and Wnt mRNA expression in human colon cancer (HT-29) cells in vitro

Colon cancer is the third most frequent cancer in humans. Carica papaya leaves are vegetable foods consumed by most people around the world; it has potential as an anticancer. Therefore it is of interest to investigate the effect of Carica papaya on beta catenin and Wnt mRNA expression in human colon cancer (HT-29) cells in vitro. Human Colon cancer cell line (HT-29) was purchased from the National Centre for Cell Sciences, Pune, India. Cell viability test was done by MTT assay. Gene expression analysis was done by Real Time-PCR. The obtained data were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan''s multiple range test with Graph Pad Prism version 5 to analyze the significance of individual variations among the control and experimental groups. The significance was considered at p<0.05 level in Duncan''s test. Carica papaya caused a marked increase in cell death in a dose dependent manner. At the end of 48 hours, maximum inhibition was at 300 and 400 µg/ml. Carica papaya has significantly reduced the mRNA expression of Wnt and beta catenin (p<0.05). Data showed that Carica papaya leaf extract has anticancer activity on Colon cancer cell lines (HT-29).     

Biochemical characterization of breast tumors by in vivo and in vitro magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have evolved as sensitive tools for anatomic and metabolic evaluation of breast cancer. In vivo MRS studies have documented the presence of choline containing compounds (tCho) as a reliable biochemical marker of malignancy and also useful for monitoring the tumor response to therapy. Recent studies on the absolute quantification of tCho are expected to provide cut-off values for discrimination of various breast pathologies. Addition of MRS investigation was also reported to increase the specificity of MRI. Further, ex vivo and in vitro MRS studies of intact tissues and tissue extracts provided several metabolites that were not be detected in vivo and provided insight into underlying biochemistry of the disease processes. In this review, we present briefly the role of various ¹H MRS methods used in breast cancer research and their potential in relation to diagnosis, monitoring of therapeutic response and metabolism.     

应用基因组原位杂交鉴定蓝粒小麦及其诱变后代

应用基因组原位杂交技术（GISH）对普通小麦（Triticum aestivumL.)和长穗偃麦草[Agropyron elongatum(Host)Beauv,2n=10x=70]杂交后选育出的蓝粒小麦蓝-58及其诱变后代的染色体组成进行了鉴定。结果表明,GISH可方便地检测到小麦遗传背景中的长穗偃麦草染色体或易位的片段。如前人报道,蓝-58（2n=42)是一个具有2条长穗偃麦草4E染色体的异代换系（4E/4D）。LW004可能是一个具有两对相互易位染色体的纯合系,其田间表现磷高效特性,LW43-3-4为41条染色体的蓝单体（40W 1’4E）,种子颜色为浅蓝色,通过此法还检测出一些染色体结构发生很大变异的材料如4E的单端体（40W 1‘4E),种子颜色为浅蓝色,通过此法还检测出一些染色结构发生很大变异的材料如4E的单端体（40W 1‘t4E)以及组型为39W 1‘4E 1‘t4E的个体,此项研究结果更为直观地表明控制蓝粒体状的基因的确在来自长穗偃麦草的染色体上。同时说明有效的突变方法与灵活方便的检测手段的有机结合在染色体工程材料的创制和染色体工程育种中起着至关重要的作用。