Sinorhizobium fredii WGF03胞外多糖分泌相关基因exoD功能初探

从费氏中华根瘤菌WGF03的基因组中克隆出与胞外多糖分泌密切相关的基因exoD,研究该基因对胞外多糖合成、菌株共生结瘤能力和固氮效率的影响。利用自杀性质粒pK18mobsacB,通过同源双交换法构建exoD基因的缺失突变体ΔexoD。实验发现:与野生菌株相比,突变株在YMA培养基平板上胞外多糖产量明显减少、运动能力也有所减弱;在NaCl浓度小于350 mmol/L范围内,菌体均能维持稳定生长;接种于大豆幼苗后,产生的根瘤数量较多,但个体小、形状不一,且固氮酶活也显著下降。研究结果说明exoD基因参与S.fredii WGF03胞外多糖的合成并影响菌株共生结瘤能力和固氮效率。     

接种S.fredii WGF03及突变体对大豆土壤微生物群落结构的影响

为了研究接种S.fredii WGF03及其exo D基因突变体对大豆结瘤及土壤的微生物群落影响,进一步了解exo D基因的功能,在大豆盛花期摘取每株大豆的根瘤并计数,利用PCR-DGGE电泳结合测序技术分析土壤的微生物群落。结果表明,大豆接种S.fredii WGF03后,根瘤数比不接种组增加191.67%。而大豆接种驻exo D突变体的根瘤数最少,比不接种组减少了16.67%。与空白相比,种植大豆后土壤细菌的种类和数量明显增加;接种不同根瘤菌后,细菌种类及细菌多样性也有变化;测序结果显示,土壤中细菌以Proteobacteria为主,占45.5%,土壤中土著根瘤菌为Bradyrhizobium。总之,S.fredii WGF03能够促进大豆结瘤,种植作物比接种根瘤菌对土壤细菌群落的影响更大。     

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌APS还原酶的表达、纯化及其性质鉴定

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)中APS还原酶是硫同化途径的一个关键酶,其对硫酸盐的还原及硫化物的氧化具有重要调节作用.本文以A.ferrooxidans ATCC23270基因组为模板.通过PCR扩增得到编码APS还原酶的cysH基因,与原核表达载体pLM l构建重组体,转化入大肠杆茵(Escherichia coli,E.coli)DH5a中,测序正确后,加IPTG诱导表达,用一步亲和层析法纯化出浓度和纯度都较高的APS还原酶.由蛋白颜色和紫外分析,确定其含有一个[Fe4S4]簇作为活性中心.表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析,证实分子量为28 kD.酶活测定表明其具有将APS还原为亚硫酸盐跟AMP的功能.     

木霉突变体T1010变异特性分析

木霉突变体T1010与出发菌株实验比较,其生长速度、产孢量、菌丝重量分别提高13．62％、48．52％、29．03％;T1010对培养液中氨态氮的吸收率比出发菌株仍2提高37．09％,T1010对无机磷的吸收率比出发菌株提高15．17％,T1010对K’吸收率比出发菌株高16．49％,在pH值为7．34的培养液中培养3d后,T1010的pH值为5．77,出发菌株的pH值为6．67;突变体T1010对培养液中葡萄糖的吸收能力比出发菌株提高19．64％,突变体T1010利用培养液中的氨基酸量较少,比出发菌株降低18．26％。拮抗作用结果显示,T1010对病菌瓜萎蔫镰刀菌抑制作用、覆盖作用分别比出发菌株提高87．45％、57．38％。     

硫代硫酸盐氧化菌TX的分离、鉴定及其生物学特性

从聚硫橡胶废水处理系统中分离到一株硫代硫酸盐氧化细菌TX.根据其形态学特征、生理特征和16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,将该菌株初步鉴定为盐生硫杆菌属(Halothiobacillus sp.)(GenBank登录号为EU871645).该菌株能利用硫代硫酸盐、单质硫、连四硫酸盐、硫化物或亚硫酸盐为唯一能源进行自养生长,不能利用葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖、乳糖、麦芽糖或酵母粉进行异养生长,为专性化能无机自养型硫杆菌.在以硫代硫酸钠为唯一能源的培养基中其最适生长温度为30℃～35℃,最适起始pH值为3.0～5.0.在矿物盐培养基中,硫代硫酸盐最终被氧化成硫酸,造成培养基pH持续下降.在摇瓶分批培养和硫胶废水处理过程中均检测到连四硫酸盐的积累,表明该菌株主要通过连四硫酸盐途径或"S4I"途径进行硫代硫酸盐的生物氧化.     

代谢工程改造谷氨酸棒杆菌生成丙酮酸

旨在增加谷氨酸棒杆菌代谢过程中丙酮酸的积累、减少副产物的生成,利用同源重组的方法,敲除了丙酮酸代谢过程中支流代谢途径的关键基因:丙酮酸醌氧化还原酶pqo基因、丙酮酸脱氢酶pdh基因和乳酸脱氢酶lldh基因,获得了基因缺失工程菌株。利用4.5%的葡萄糖复合培养基,工程菌经摇瓶发酵48 h,丙酮酸的浓度达到14.6 g/L,而野生菌株仅为0.45 g/L;工程菌的糖酸转化率为33.18%,比野生菌提高了32.5倍。     

禾谷镰孢霉nit突变体的诱导及其生物学特性

将3个抗多菌灵和2个野生敏感型禾谷镰孢霉(Fusarium graminearum)菌株分别在含氯酸盐的MMC培养基上培养,共得到22个不能利用硝酸盐的营养缺陷突变体(Nitrate nonutilizing mutant, 简称nit突变体)。比较了各nit突变体与其亲本菌株之间在菌落生长速率、培养性状、产分生孢子能力、产子囊壳能力以及对多菌灵的敏感性等生物学特性方面的变化。结果表明,nit突变体均抗氯酸盐,在PSA平板上的生长速率没有改变,有性生殖能力没有下降,在Joffs 培养液和5%绿豆汤培养液中仍能产孢,但产孢量与亲本菌株有差异。此外,禾谷镰孢霉对氯酸盐和多菌灵之间没有交互抗药性。因此,可用nit作为遗传标记,研究禾谷镰孢霉有关性状的遗传学。     

尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型胱硫醚γ-合成酶的功能分析

甲硫氨酸在真菌、细菌和植物的生物学过程中起着重要作用。禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum的FgMETB基因编码一个胱硫醚γ-合成酶,是甲硫氨酸合成所必需的。本研究利用同源重组的方法,在尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型4号生理小种Fusariumoxysporumf.sp.cubenserace4(Foc4)获得了FgMETB同源基因FoMETB的敲除突变体菌株;与野生型菌株相比,突变体菌株ΔFoMETB在以SO42-为唯一硫源的基本培养基(minimal medium)上不能生长。1 mmol/L甲硫氨酸的添加恢复了突变体菌株ΔFoMETB的生长,但半胱氨酸的添加不能恢复该缺失突变体的生长,说明FoMETB的敲除阻遏了Foc4半胱氨酸转化甲硫氨酸的通路。此外,ΔFoMETB的气生菌丝和菌丝干重明显减少、分枝增多、产孢量显著降低、疏水性缺失和对巴西蕉组培苗的致病性显著减弱。由此表明,FoMETB参与调控尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型的生理特性和致病性,甲硫氨酸合成途径的关键合酶FoMETB有望成为新的抗真菌药物靶标。     

禾谷镰孢霉nit突变体的诱导及其生物学特性

将3个抗多菌灵和2个野生敏感型禾谷镰孢霉（Fusarium graminearum)菌株分别在含氯酸盐的MMC培养基上培养,共得到22个不能利用硝酸盐的营养缺陷突变体（Nitrate nonutilizing mutant,简称nit突变体）。比较了各nit突变体与其亲本菌株之间在菌落生长速率,培养性状,产分生孢子能力,产生囊壳能力以及对多菌灵的敏感性等生物学特性方面的变化。结果表明,nit突变体均抗氯酸盐,在PSA平板上的生长速率没有改变,有性生殖能力没有下降,在Joff's培养液和5%绿豆汤培养液中仍能产孢,但产孢量与亲本菌株有差异。此外,禾谷镰孢霉对氯酸盐和多菌灵之间没有交互抗药性,因此,可用nit作为遗传标记,研究禾谷镰孢霉有关性状的遗传学。     

植物蔗糖合成的分子机制

高等植物中,光合同化产物主要是以蔗糖的形式从源向库运输的。近十几年来,随着生物技术的发展,许多与碳水同化产物代谢有关的基因已经被分离,同时多种植物遗传转化体系的建立使在植物中改变基因活性成为现实,对转基因植株的生理生化分析进一步增加了植物中对碳水同化产物合成、分配、运输以及利用等方面的认识。本文就CO2固定,同化产物分配,蔗糖合成三个方面介绍近年来利用基因工程对植物源活性调控及改善的研究进展。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.