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1.
S. Jayasankar Richard E. Litz Dennis J. Gray Pamela A. Moon 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1999,35(6):475-479
Summary
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz., the causal agent of mango anthracnose, produces a phytotoxin in vitro. The partially purified phytotoxin, presumably
colletotrichin, caused anthracnose-like symptoms on young mango leaves, was toxic to embryogenic suspension cultures of two
mango cultivars, ‘Hindi’ and ‘Carabao,’ and inhibited in vitro seed germination of two nonhosts, lettuce and tobacco. There
were linear relationships between concentration of the partially purified phytotoxin and mortality of mango embryogenic cultures.
Embryogenic cultures grown in the presence of the partially purified phytotoxin showed significantly lower growth rates than
the controls. Similarly, embryogenic cultures grown in the presence of 40% (vol/vol) fungal culture filtrate showed significantly
lower growth rates than unchallenged controls. Medium containing 40% (vol/vol) Czapek-Dox fungal broth did not reduce growth
of embryogenic cultures, indicating the production of phytotoxin in vitro. The results suggest that either fungal culture
filtrate or purified phytotoxin can be used as in vitro selection agents to screen for resistance to this fungus. 相似文献
2.
S. Jayasankar Richard E. Litz Raymond J. Schnell Andres-Cruz Hernandez 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1998,34(2):112-116
Summary Genomic DNA isolated from embryogenic cultures of two mango cultivars, ‘Hindi’ and ‘Carabao,’ that had been selected for resistance
to the culture filtrate ofColletotrichum gloeosporioides, was analyzed using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD).In vitro selection caused changes in RAPD markers in the selected embryogenic cultures with respect to the unchallenged control cultures
and the stock plants. The differences involved both the absence and the presence of additional RAPD markers in the resistant
lines, although the former was most commonly observed. The absence of differences between the unchallenged control of either
cultivar and DNA from the leaves of parent trees confirmed that the changes were not due to prolonged maintenance in liquid
cultures. 相似文献
3.
Litz R.E. Hendrix R.C. Moon P.A. Chavez V. M. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1998,53(1):13-18
The nucellus was removed from immature seeds of 4 mango genotypes, andcultured under different induction conditions. The mango
genotypes includedpolyembryonic ‘Hindi’ and ‘Nam Doc Mai’ and monoembryonic ‘Lippens’ and’Tommy Atkins‘. Nucellar explants
were cultured on modified B5 basal mediumunder the following inductive conditions: 1) 4.52 μM 2,4-D; 2) nogrowth regulator
(control); 3) 4.52 μM 2,4-D + embryogenic ‘Parris‘nurse culture; 4) no growth regulator + embryogenic ‘Parris’ nurse culture.Induction
of embryogenic competence was mediated by 4 factors: genotype,explanting, 2,4-D and the presence of a highly embryogenic nurse
culture,although there was considerable difference in genotype response. ‘Hindi’ hadthe greatest embryogenic potential, followed
by ‘Lippens’, ‘Tommy Atkins‘and ‘Nam Doc Mai’, respectively. Induction of embryogenic cultures of allgenotypes at low frequency
occurred as a result of explanting excisednucellus onto control medium. The most effective treatment for inducingembryogenic
cultures was 2,4-D + embryogenic ‘Parris’ nurse culture with’Hindi’, ‘Lippens’ and ‘Nam doc Mai’, with the exception of ‘Tommy
Atkins’,in which the treatment with 2,4-D alone was most effective.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
The effects of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG),1-aminocyclopropane- 1 -carboxylic acid (ACC), dicycyclohexylammonium sulfate
(DCHA) and methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) on induction of embryogenic competence from the nucellus of two mango
genotypes, ‘Tutehau’ (polyembryonic) and ‘Tommy Atkins’ (monoembryonic), were compared. Induction of embryogenic competence
in the explanted nucellus of ‘Tommy Atkins’ was more sensitive to AVG and DCHA than ‘Tutehau’. MGBG had no effect on induction
of embryogenic competence of either genotype, and ACC suppressed somatic embryogenesis with both cultivars. Ethylene biosynthesis
was greater from explanted ‘Tommy Atkins’ cultures. Reducing ethylene biosynthesis with AVG marginally increased the number
of embryogenic cultures of ‘Tutehau’, but completely inhibited somatic embryogenesis in ‘Tommy Atkins’ cultures. Ethylene
biosynthesis was stimulated by ACC in nonembryogenic cultures of both genotypes and in ‘Tommy Atkins’ embryogenic cultures,
in which ethylene biosynthesis was ca 7 X greater than in ‘Tutegau’ embryogenic cultures. The greater sensitivity of ‘Tommy
Atkins’ to the ethylene antagonist, AVG, may be due to its greater sensitivity to disturbance of ethylene biosynthesis and
spermidine synthesis.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
R. Akashi S.-S. Hoffmann-Tsay F. Hoffmann 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(6-7):758-764
Root cultures, displaying vigorous growth and high embryogenic capacity, were established in the legume forage species Lotus corniculatus (bird’s-foot trefoil). Root cloning as well as plant regeneration was achieved on hormone-free medium, in agitated culture
in the dark or under stationary conditions in the light, respectively. These qualities of vigorous growth and regeneration
faded with time in hormone-free culture, with slow-growing roots turning brown in color. Addition of the synthetic cytokinin-like
hormone benzylaminopurine to the culture medium, however, re-established the aging tissue’s capacity for somatic embryogenesis
and plant formation. During continuous initiation of new cultures, it was possible to obtain one root culture (selected from
11 960 seeds at a 65% germination rate) which did not show the typical decline of qualities after prolonged proliferation
but distinguished itself by displaying even faster growth and more vigorous embryogenic plant production on hormone-free medium.
There was no decline since its initiation 9 months earlier. This super-growing root culture produces plants that show no morphological
differences as compared to wild-type regenerants or seedlings. Roots, dissected from plantlets derived from super-root embryogenesis,
expressed all the super-root qualities again when cultured in vitro. This is the first report on somatic embryogenesis from
sustained root cultures without exogenous hormone application. Such a hormone-free, continuous root culture should provide
a superior experimental system for genetic or developmental studies that might be sensitive to exogenous hormones, such as
somaclonal variation in transgenesis or, since introduced in a legume species, nodulation in vitro.
Received: 22 September 1997 / Accepted: 21 October 1997 相似文献
6.
Unopened leaves, petioles and fully opened leaves from micropropagation cultures of five Vitis rotundifolia Michx. varieties were cultured on induction medium to study their embryogenic response. Among the various explants tested,
the maximum number of varieties produced embryogenic cultures from unopened leaves followed by fully opened leaves and petioles.
Based on morphological differences, two types of embryogenic cultures were identified. Friable cultures typically arose as
proembryonic masses (PEM) on induction medium, whereas somatic embryo production without an intervening PEM stage was observed
in compact cultures. Of the five varieties tested, the highest frequency of embryogenic response was observed from fully opened
leaves of ‘Supreme’ and unopened leaves and petioles of ‘Delicious’. Attempts to initiate suspension cultures from varieties
resulted in proliferation and maintenance of ‘Alachua’ and ‘Carlos’ cultures in liquid medium for 16 weeks. Embryogenic potential
of varieties was studied on cultures growing on embryo development medium. The maximum number of cotyledonary stage somatic
embryos from 0.2 g proembryonic masses were observed in ‘Carlos’ (379.3) followed by ‘Alachua’ (350.0) and ‘Delicious’ (305.0).
Cotyledonary stage somatic embryos germinated when cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1 μM Benzyladenine (BA).
Although high embryo germination rates (80–100%) were observed in the varieties tested, plant recovery from germinated somatic
embryos ranged from 6–47%. Embryogenic cultures could be maintained on X6 medium and used in genetic engineering studies. 相似文献
7.
S. Kumar Sunil Kumar S. P. Negi J. K. Kanwar 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(6):474-479
Callus cultures derived from leaf segments of chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Snow Ball’ which was susceptible to Septoria obesa were successfully used for in vitro selection for resistance to this pathogenic fungus. Resistant cell lines were selected by culturing callus on growth medium
containing various concentrations of S. obesa filtrate. Resistant calluses obtained after two cycles (30 d each cycle) of selection were used for plant regeneration. About
30% of the plants regenerated from the resistant calluses and 70–80% of the plants raised from cuttings had acquired considerable
resistance against the pathogen in the field. No phenotypic variation was observed in the selected regenerates. 相似文献
8.
Recovery and regeneration of embryogenic cultures from female flowers of False Horn Plantain 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Grapin A. Ortíz J-L. Lescot T. Ferrière N. Côte F.X. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,61(3):237-244
Somatic embryogenesis from immature male flowers in Musa is only suitable for genotypes with a male bud. Six friable embryogenic cultures were obtained from 28 cultured buds of female
flowers of the AAB False Horn Plantains, ‘Curraré’ and ‘Curraré Enano’. Embryogenic suspensions were established from these
embryogenic cultures. Somatic embryogenesis was demonstrated histologicaly. Regeneration of plants was obtained either from
somatic embryos directly isolated from embryogenic cultures or from suspensions after plating on a semi-solid medium. This
study demonstrates that somatic embryogenesis from immature flowers is suitable for genotypes of Musa with or without male buds.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Proembryogenic masses of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) `Chardonnay' (clone 02Ch) were exposed to the culture filtrate of Elsinoe ampelina (deBary) Shear, the causal agent of anthracnose disease. After four or five cycles of recurrent in-vitro selection with medium
containing 40% fungal culture filtrate, putative resistant lines RC 1 and RC 2 respectively, were established. The selected
lines inhibited the growth of E. ampelina and Fusarium oxysporium (Schlecht.) (isolated from watermelon) in a dual-culture assay and reduced the growth of mycelium on a conditioned-medium
test, thus suggesting the involvement of extracellular compounds in resistance. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide (SDS-PAGE)
gel electrophoresis of extracellular proteins from spent suspension-culture medium showed enhanced secretion of new proteins
by selected lines. A 36-kDa protein was immunodetected by a chitinase antiserum. This chitinase continued to express constitutively
in differentiated somatic embryos and also in the intercellular fluids of plants regenerated from the selected lines. Somatic
embryos from selected lines grew uninhibitedly in a medium containing 40% fungal culture filtrate, whereas non-selected (control)
somatic embryos became necrotic and died within a few days. Plants regenerated from selected lines exhibited resistance to
infection by E. ampelina in both greenhouse tests and detached leaf bioassays. Results suggest that embryogenic cells can be selected for resistance
following in-vitro selection, resulting in resistant plants. Whether or not resistant cells pre-existed in the original embryogenic
culture or were induced by the selection pressure could not be determined.
Received: 12 November 1999 / Accepted: 3 December 1999 相似文献
10.
XiaoPeng Fu ShuHua Yang ManZhu Bao 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(3):194-202
In this study, we aimed to maximize the rates of somatic embryogenesis achievable in anther cultures of Chinese pink (Dianthus chinensis L.) (2n = 2x = 30). The genotype of the donor plant was found to be a major factor in determining the success rate. Conditions
imposed during anther culture (notably medium composition and light conditions) and pretreatments (namely, cold, heat, and
mannitol incubations) were also found to influence somatic embryo induction. For example, the highest levels of embryogenic
callus induction were achieved when the donor buds had been cold pretreated and the subsequent anther culture was maintained
in darkness. Furthermore, there appeared to be an interaction of genotype with culture conditions. Thus, in cultures of the
cultivar (cv.) ‘Carpet’, the highest rates of embryogenesis were obtained when the anthers had received a 5-d heat-shock,
but such a thermal treatment did not generally produce a significant effect. Likewise, a 3-d mannitol pretreatment was optimal
only for the cross-hybrid line ‘HC’. Assessment of the ploidy of the plants regenerated from the anther cultures revealed
both diploid and tetraploid plants. Histological and cytological observations showed that all of these (both from n-pollen
and 2n-pollen lines) derived from anther wall cells. Spontaneous chromosome doubling was inferred to have occurred during
the embryogenic callus culture period. 相似文献
11.
Summary An in vitro protocol has been developed for callus indiction, somatic embryogenesis, and plant regeneration from stigma-style culture
of grapevine. Four different grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.: cvs. ‘Bombino Nero’, ‘Greco di Tufo’, ‘Merlot’, and ‘Sangiovese’) were tested. Exlants were cultured on Nitsch and Nitsch
medium (NN) supplemented with various combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA: 4.5 and 9.0 μM) and β-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA; 5.0 and 9.9 μM). Sucrose (88 mM) was used as the carbon source. Somatic embryogenesis was induced within 3–7 mo. after culture initiation. Even though explants
of different origin (unfertilized ovules and anthers) regenerated somatic embryos, the higher embryogenic potential was observed
in stigma and style explants, with the exception of ‘Merlot’, which regenerated somatic embryos only from unfertilized ovules.
The percentages of stigma-style explants producing somatic embryos was 7% in ‘Bombino Nero’ (cultured on NN medium supplemented
9.0 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA). 14% in ‘Greco di Tufo’ (4.5 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA), and 8% in ‘Sangiovese’ (9.0 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA). The presence of growth regulators (BA and NOA) in the medium was essential for induction of somatic embryogenesis.
Plants were regenerated on hormone-free NN medium containing 88 mM sucrose. 相似文献
12.
Male inflorescences, female inflorescences, and leaves collected from dormant buds of three sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) trees were tested for induction of somatic embryogenesis following treatment with thidiazuron, naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)
or different combinations of the two. Explants were placed into culture either within a few days after collection or following
2 months of storage at –15 °C. Although embryogenic cultures were obtained from all three trees, embryogenesis induction
was strongly affected by genotype (source tree), with 100% of the staminate inflorescence explants from one tree producing
embryogenic cultures in one experiment. Embryogenesis induction was also influenced by explant type, with staminate inflorescences
up to five times more likely to produce an embryogenic culture than female inflorescences. No embryogenic cultures were obtained
from leaf explants. While treatment with plant growth regulators was not required for embryogenesis induction from inflorescence
explants, culture on medium with NAA alone resulted in the highest production of repetitively embryogenic cultures and cultures
producing proembryogenic masses. Dormant buds stored for 2 months at –15 °C were still able to produce embryogenic cultures,
although frozen storage decreased this ability by over one-half for staminate inflorescences.
Received: 20 January 1999 / Revision received: 18 April 1999 / Accepted: 29 April 1999 相似文献
13.
Factors affecting microspore embryogenesis of cow cockle (Saponaria vaccaria) were evaluated including donor plant growing conditions, genotype, bud size, density, medium composition, and culture conditions.
Of the two donor plant (day/night) temperature regimes evaluated (10/5°C and 20/15°C), plants grown at 20/15°C were the most
embryogenic. An embryogenic frequency of greater than 350 embryos/100 buds was observed in the most embryogenic genotype,
cv. ‘White Beauty’. Buds from 3–9 mm in length were evaluated for their embryogenic potential; buds that were 4–7.9 mm produced
the most embryos/100 buds. Of all the media compositions evaluated, NLN medium with 15% sucrose resulted in the most embryos.
Cow cockle microspores required an initial period of 32°C for 3 days for production of microspore-derived embryos (MDEs). 相似文献
14.
Jen-Ping Chung Tsu-Liang Chang Albert Yu-Ming Chi Chou Tou Shii 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,87(3):305-314
Embryogenic cell suspensions of Musa AAA and AAB genomic groups were cultured in a maintenance culture medium for 17 generations (lasting for 238 days). The cell growth phases and medium pH changes were also observed correspondingly. Three major growth phases of AAA genomic group have been focused, namely cell releasing, proliferation and globularization phases. During almost all the subculture generations the cell stocks of AAB ‘Raja’ were continuously characterized by proliferating cell aggregates while the globularization phase occurred only for short duration. The medium acidity levels of the cell stocks of AAA ‘Pei-Chiao’ and ‘Robusta’ were commonly scattered in a wider range of pH 3.3–5.3, while the AAB ‘Raja’ were deviated in a narrow range of pH 4.0–4.6. After subculture, culture medium showed biphasic pH changes, which were drastic pH falls followed by an auto-regulated steady-state level. The steady-state pH values in each of the three growth phases (i.e. cell releasing, proliferation and globularization phases) were of 3.3–4.0, 4.0–4.8 and 4.8–5.3 respectively. Morphological bipolarity and the efficiency in the formation of somatic embryos have been thoroughly discussed. Reported research indicates that the condition of pH below 4.6 may prevent the development of embryogenic cells towards polar growth. 相似文献
15.
Summary Somatic embryos could be induced from embryogenic callus originating from mesocotyl as well as leaf-base segments of Paspalum scrobiculatum on Murashige and Skoog (MS) or Chu et al. (N6) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, and 22.5 μM). N6 medium was better than MS, for both explants, for high-frequency somatic embryogenesis. Also, mesocotyl tissues were relatively
more totipotent than leaf-base segments. The somatic embryos ‘germinated’ and formed plantlets on transfer of embryogenic
calluses to hormone-free MS or N6 regeneration medium. Embryogenic cultures could be maintained on low hormone medium which readily regenerated to form plantlets
on hormone-free medium. A higher frequency of plantlet formation occurred on MS than on N6 medium. In vitro-formed plantlets were gradually acclimatized in the culture room and on transfer to soil flowered and set seed. Somatic embryogenesis
and plantlet regeneration from mesocotyl and leaf-base segments are potentially simpler systems than regeneration from ‘embryonic’
explants such as immature embryos and unemerged inflorescences. 相似文献
16.
In vitro induction, regeneration and analysis of autotetraploids derived from protoplasts and callus treated with colchicine in Citrus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Shao-Hua Zeng Chuan-Wu Chen Liu Hong Ji-Hong Liu Xiu-Xin Deng 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2006,87(1):85-93
In the present paper attempts were made to induce chromosome doubling of ‘Meiwa’ kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia) protoplasts and ‘Frost’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) embryogenic callus via colchicine treatment. Colchicine decreased protoplast viability, delayed protoplast division and inhibited callus growth, indicating presence of toxicity to cells. Cell lines established from ‘Meiwa’ protoplasts treated with 0.01 and 0.1% colchicine for 8, 16 and 24 h at each concentration showed different responses when they were cultured on embryoid-induction medium. Flow cytometry (FCM) demonstrated that tetraploids were detected in cell lines and embryoids from all of the treatments, with the highest frequency being 19.23%. As for ‘Frost’, tetraploid cells were only detected when the callus was treated with 0.1% colchicine for either 4 or 8 days, from which plantlets were regenerated. FCM and chromosome counting confirmed them as true tetraploids. The diploid cells were more active in mitotic division during a 12-day culture and smaller in size than their tetraploid counterpart. Potential applications of the novel tetraploid germplasms obtained through in vitro chromosome doubling to citrus cultivar improvement are discussed. 相似文献
17.
G. A. Moore M. J. Miller Kenneth Cline 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1988,24(12):1205-1208
Summary The effects of the antibiotics methotrexate and chloramphenicol on somatic embryogenesis inCitrus were evaluated. Relatively low levels (0.1 to 1.0 μg/ml) of these antibiotics did not inhibit embryo production from undeveloped
ovules of ‘Key’ lime [C. aurantifolia) (Christm.) Swing.]. Surprisingly, both antibiotics induced the formation of embryogenic callus in these cultures. This is
usually a rare event in cultures of undevelopedCitrus ovules, and ‘Key’ lime is especially recalcitrant. The effects of these antibiotics on embryogenic callus appeared to be
limited to the induction stage, because there was no consistent effect, either stimulatory or inhibitory, on established,
lines of embryogenic callus.
Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series No. 8958. This research was supported in part by a grant to Moore and
Cline from the Competitive Grants Office of the SEA, USDA (85-CRCR-1-1623). 相似文献
18.
A. L. Pinto-Sintra 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2007,88(3):253-265
‘Touriga Nacional’ is the most important Portuguese grapevine cultivar used for Port wine, table wine and varietal wine production.
In order to obtain a reproducible plant regeneration system that allows the application of biotechnological tools to grapevine
breeding, embryogenic cultures were induced from immature flowers of three Touriga Nacional selected clones. Gynoecia and
anthers were cultured on Nitsch and Nitsch (Science 163:85–87, 1969) basal medium supplemented with four combinations of the
growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and indole-3-acetyl-l-aspartic acid (IASP), at 28°C, in the dark. Primary callus, observed on anthers and gynoecia in all media, produced embryogenic
callus when cultured on differentiation medium, at 24°C under light. The efficiency on induction of embryogenic callus ranged
from 1.2 ± 4.7% to 7.9 ± 13.8% in anthers, and from 17.9 ± 24.9% to 25.3 ± 22.9% in gynoecia. Seven lines of embryogenic cultures were established from the three clones. Multiplication of embryogenic
calluses was successfully obtained in maintenance medium, at 26°C, in the dark. These embryogenic calluses produced somatic
embryos when subcultured on differentiation medium, under a 16 h photoperiod. Somatic embryos were isolated and cultured on
germination medium to achieve conversion which ranged from 35.3 ± 48.5% to 72.7 ± 45.6%. The plantlets obtained were cultured in medium without growth regulators. Secondary embryogenesis
was also frequently observed in the hypocotyl-root transition region of somatic embryos. Although some morphological variation
occurred between somatic embryos, the regenerated plantlets had a normal phenotype. Maintenance of embryogenic cultures has
been achieved since 2002. 相似文献
19.
Efficient in vitro regeneration systems for Vaccinium species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Julia Meiners Melanie Schwab Iris Szankowski 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2007,89(2-3):169-176
Efficient protocols for shoot regeneration from leaf explants suitable for micropropagation as well as for the development
of transgenic plants were developed for blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) cultivars. Nodal segments were used to initiate in vitro shoot cultures of lingonberry cultivar ‘Red Pearl’ and southern
highbush blueberry cultivar ‘Ozarkblue’. In order to develop an optimized regeneration procedure, different types and concentrations
of plant growth regulators were tested to induce adventitious shoot regeneration on excised leaves from micropropagated shoots
of both cultivars. The effect on percentage regeneration and number of shoots per explant was investigated. Results indicated
that zeatin was superior to TDZ and meta-topolin in promoting adventitious shoot formation. A concentration of 20 μM zeatin
was most effective in promoting shoot regeneration in both cultivars, in case of ‘Red Pearl’ along with 1 μM NAA. Shoots were
either allowed to root in vitro on medium containing IBA or NAA or ex vitro in a fog tunnel. IBA was superior to NAA for induction
of root development in vitro in both Vaccinium cultivars. Ex vitro rooting under high humidity was tested with cuttings from mature field-grown plants, from acclimatized
tissue culture derived plants and with unrooted in vitro proliferated shoots planted directly. It was found that in vitro
shoots rooted better under fog than cuttings from the other plant sources and rooting was equivalent to that achieved in vitro. 相似文献
20.
Daniela Lopes Paim Pinto Ana Maria Rocha de Almeida Mailson Monteiro Rêgo Maurecilne Lemes da Silva Evelyn Jardim de Oliveira Wagner Campos Otoni 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,107(3):521-530
Mature zygotic embryos of three genotypes of Passiflora edulis Sims, including ‘FB-100’, ‘FB-200’, and ‘FB-300’ were incubated on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) medium supplemented with different concentrations (18.1–114.8 μM) of 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4.4 μM of
6-benzyladenine (BA). MS basal medium and MS with BA induced germination of P. edulis embryos. The highest frequencies of embryogenic calli were observed when explants were incubated on MS medium supplemented
with 72.4 μM 2,4-D and 4.4 μM BA for ‘FB-200’, which showed the highest potential for embryogenic callus formation. Cytological
and histological analyses of pro-embryogenic callus revealed two distinct cell types: thin-walled, small, isodiametric cells
with large nuclei and dense cytoplasm, typical of intense metabolic activity; and elongated and vacuolated cells, with small
nuclei and less dense cytoplasm. Differentiation of somatic embryos was promoted on MS medium supplemented with activated
charcoal and indole-3-acetyl-l-aspartic acid (IAA-Asp) either with or without 2,4-D. However, no conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets was observed. 相似文献