长双歧杆菌发酵培养基的优化

目的对长双歧杆菌液态发酵培养基进行优化。方法以长双歧杆菌（Bifidobacteriumlongum）为发酵菌株,以MRS培养基为基础培养基,以发酵液活菌数为指标,通过单因素添加实验考察发酵培养基的碳源和氮源的种类,并验证优化后培养基的效果。结果优化后培养基的最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为酪蛋白胨、牛肉蛋白胨、水解乳蛋白,发酵液活菌数达到2．09×10^9CFU／mL,比原MRS培养基（1．22×10^9CFU／mL）提高了71．30％。结论优化后培养基优于原MRS基础培养基,可应用于长双歧杆菌的液态发酵。     

Response surface methodology for optimizing the fermentation medium of alpha-galactosidase in solid-state fermentation

AIMS: Alpha-galactosidase is applied in food and feed industries for hydrolysing raffinose series oligosaccharides (RO) that are the factors primarily responsible for flatulence upon ingestion of soybean-derived products. The objective of the current work was to develop an optimal culture medium for the production of alpha-galactosidase in solid-state fermentation (SSF) by a mutant strain Aspergillus foetidus. METHODS AND RESULTS: Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the effects of variables, namely the concentrations of wheat bran, soybean meal, KH(2)PO(4), MnSO(4).H(2)O and CuSO(4).5H(2)O on alpha-galactosidase production in the solid substrate. A fractional factorial design (FFD) was firstly used to isolate the main factors that affected the production of alpha-galactosidase and the central composite experimental design (CCD) was then adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing the composition of the fermentation medium. The experimental results showed that the optimum fermentation medium for alpha-galactosidase production by Aspergillus foetidus ZU-G1 was composed of 8.2137 g wheat bran, 1.7843 g soybean meal, 0.001 g MnSO(4).H(2)O and 0.001 g CuSO(4).5H(2)O in 10 g dry matter fermentation medium. CONCLUSIONS: After incubating 96 h in the optimum fermentation medium, alpha-galactosidase activity was predicted to be 2210.76 U g(-1) dry matter in 250 ml shake flask. In the present study, alpha-galactosidase activity reached 2207.19 U g(-1) dry matter. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Optimization of the solid substrate was a very important measure to increase enzyme activity and realize industrial production of alpha-galactosidase. The process of alpha-galactosidase production in laboratory scale may have the potential to scale-up.     

L-亮氨酸发酵培养基优化试验

应用Plackett-Burman设计试验从L-亮氨酸基础发酵培养基的10种成分中筛选出5种重要成分,然应用响应面分析试验确定5种重要成分的最适用量。培养基优化后摇瓶分批发酵72h产L-亮氨酸18.05g/L     

添加表面活性剂改善丁醇萃取发酵性能

研究了各种表面活性剂对丁醇萃取发酵的影响。丁醇发酵中有大量H2、CO2气体生成,生成的气泡携带发酵溶剂产物（丁醇、丙酮）进入萃取液相,促进了水相中发酵毒性产物向萃取液相的移动。研究发现,表面活性剂可以降低气-液膜的表面张力,促使大气泡破碎,从而使发酵产气以较小气泡的形式穿过萃取液相。添加表面活性剂可以强化发酵溶剂产物从水相到萃取相的移除速度,缩短发酵产物在油水两相中达到平衡的时间。有利于提高发酵生产强度。以地沟生物柴油为萃取剂,吐温-80的添加量为质量分数0．140％时,与对照相比（无表面活性剂的萃取发酵）,相同发酵时间内萃取相中丁醇体积分数提高了21．2％．总溶剂生产强唐也提高了16．5％．     

麦白霉素发酵培养基的改进

研究了淀粉水解液全部替代葡萄糖作为碳源发酵麦白霉素的工艺条件。用正交实验得出摇瓶培养基消毒后的最佳基质浓度为总糖5.0g/100mL,还原糖3.8g/100mL,氨基氮60mg/mL,溶解磷300μg/mL。以50L发酵罐进行实验,得出了麦白霉素的发酵代谢曲线和淀粉的适宜水解条件。经30t发酵罐放大实验结果表明,与葡萄糖作碳源相比,用淀粉水解液作碳源发酵麦白霉素,发酵单位提高23.0％,生产成本降低38.0％。     

Growth yields and fermentation balance of Bacteroides fragilis cultured in glucose-enriched medium.

Bacteroides fragilis is an obligate anaerobic bacterium classified with the gram-negative, non-sporeforming bacilli and is the Bacteroides species most frequently isolated from human infections. In the present study, experiments were designed to investigate growth characteristics of B. fragilis in a complex medium. In a minimal defined medium, which was employed for comparison purposes, B. fragilis grew with a generation time of 2 h. Growth of the organism in glucose-enriched medium used in the present study was superior. Maximum generation time was 60 min. Total and viable cells (colony-forming units) were 8.9 x 10(9) and 2.1 x 10(9), respectively, at maximum measurable growth. The molar growth yield (Ym) was 51.5. Growth yields were found to reach a maximum 2 to 3 h before maximum growth and to vary with respect to the phase of growth. Estimates of the fermentation products indicated that glucose was the sole energy substrate. Major products included acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, and succinic acid. Other products included ethyl alcohol, pyruvic acid, and fumaric acid. No attempt was made to recover CO2 or formic acid. The OR balances from two experiments were 0.013 and -0.093 and the respective carbon recoveries were 6.268 and 6.241. The results of the present study show that B. fragilis is capable of rapid rates of growth in vitro by using glucose as the sole energy source.     

A chemically defined fermentation medium for the growth of Micromonospora purpurea

A chemically defined medium for Micromonospora purpurea has been devised, consisting of glucose, a nitrogen source, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, dibasic potassium phosphate, and the required trace quantities of iron, copper, zinc, and manganese. Using washed cell inocula, dry mycelial weights of more than 16 mg./ml. were obtained in 7-day shaken-flask fermentations. Nutrient requirements for M. purpurea are discussed and growth data presented. Sucrose, maltose, starches and dextrins could be substituted for glucose, and resulted in good growth of the organism. A number of amino acids and inorganic nitrogen-containing compounds were capable of utilization as sole nitrogen sources. Weekly serial transfers of the culture in defined medium have shown no diminution in mycelial weights over a four-month period.     

Response surface methodology for optimizing the fermentation medium of Clostridium butyricum

AIMS: Strains of Clostridium butyricum have been increasingly used as probiotics for both animals and humans. The aim of this study was to develop a growth medium for cultivating C. butyricum ZJUCB using a statistical methodology. METHODS AND RESULTS: Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of variables, namely the concentrations of the glucose, pectin, soyabean cake extract, casein, corn steep flour, ammonium sulphate, sodium bicarbonate and the medium initial pH. A fractional factorial design was applied to study the main factors that affected the growth of a probiotic strain of C. butyricum currently preserved in our lab and the central composite experimental design was adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing the composition of the fermentation medium. The experimental results showed that the optimum fermentation medium for the growth of C. butyricum was composed of 2% glucose (w/v), 0.5% pectin (w/v), 0.2% casein (w/v), 3.98% soyabean cake extract, 0.1% (NH4)2SO4 (w/v), 0.124% NaHCO3 (w/v), 0.37% corn steep flour (w/v), 0.02% MnSO4 H2O (w/v), 0.02% MgSO4 7H2O (w/v) and 0.002% CaCl2 (w/v) at pH 7.5. CONCLUSIONS: After incubating 24 h in the optimum fermentation medium, the populations of the viable organisms were estimated to be 10(9) CFU ml(-1). In the present study, we report the optimization of a growth medium that produced increased yields using statistical approach. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The use of bacteria as a probiotic is showing increasing potential. The development of a growth medium that has a high yield is an obvious need, and the approach to optimizing a growth medium is innovative.     

Xenorhabdus nematophila YL001培养基筛选和培养条件优化

筛选得到一株昆虫病原线虫共生菌X.nematophilaYL001,进行了基础培养基的筛选及培养条件优化研究。结果表明最佳发酵条件为:初始pH 7.0,250 mL三角瓶装液25 mL,摇床转速220 r/min,培养温度28.0℃,接种量9.0%,在此条件下菌体生长量和抗菌活性分别达到23.28 g/L和30.00 mm,抑菌圈直径增大23.3%,细胞干重增加52.97%。     

Response surface methodology for optimization of Mucor fermentation medium

采用响应面分析方法优化毛霉菌B的发酵培养基,首先通过单因素试验筛选出葡萄糖为最适碳源,酵母膏和玉米浆为最适氮源,用Plackett-Burman试验对葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆、MgSO4、FeSO4、NH4Cl、K2 HPO4进行评估并筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素:葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆,再通过最陡爬坡试验逼近其最大响应区域,最后采用Box-Behnken试验对其用量进行优化,得到毛霉菌最佳发酵培养基(g/L):葡萄糖51.54,酵母膏5.22,玉米浆14.31,MgSO4 0.5,FeSO40.1,NH4Cl3,K2HPO43,pH 6.0～6.5.培养基优化后,毛霉生物量由23.51 g/L提高至31.13g/L,比对照组提高32.41％,腺嘌呤转化率由53.59％提高至59.97％,ATP产率由6.56 g/L提高至7.34g/L,比对照组提高11.89％.     

Kinetics of efrotomycin synthesis in a synthetic fermentation medium

Experiments using a soluble, chemically defined fermentation medium provided important knowledge about the kinetics of efrotomycin biosynthesis. Equivalent titers were obtained in a batch process in both shaker flasks and fermentors. By extended feeding of both monosodium glutamate and glycerol at elevated temperatures, in combination with sulphuric acid pH control, the specific production rate was increased 2.8 fold and overall production rate was improved 5-fold. If the monosodium glutamate was fed too fast, then ammonium accumulated with indications of strong repression of efrotomycin biosynthesis at concentrations above 6 mM. In contrast to the complex medium used for this process, the chemically define medium was completely insensitive to changes in sterilization conditions.     

Improvement of tylosin fermentation by mutation and medium optimization

A tylosin-hyperproducing mutant of Streptomyces fradiae MNU20 was isolated from 3500 strains obtained from either MNNG- or u.v.-treated S. fradiae NRRL2702. With the optimal medium, S. fradiae MNU20 was able to produce 159 mg tylosin g biomass(-1), indicating the tylosin productivity in S. fradiae NRLL2702 was increased 14-fold by mutation and medium optimization. When the effect of valine, succinate and natural zeolite on tylosin production was investigated sing the optimal medium, these substances essentially enhanced tylosin production up to 349 mg g biomass(-1); their time addition during the culture period appeared to be critical for the increase.     

响应面法优化多杀菌素发酵培养基的研究

采用响应面分析方法,对刺糖多孢茵（Saccharopolyspora spinosa）H-2产多杀菌素的发酵培养基进行优化研究。运用单因子试验筛选出葡萄糖和棉籽粉为最适碳源和氮源,通过Plack—ett—Burman设计试验,对影响发酵培养基的8个相关因子进行评估并筛选出具有显著效应的4个因子：葡萄糖、棉籽粉、黄豆饼粉及玉米浆。通过最陡爬坡实验逼近以上4个因子的最大响应区域后,采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法,确定发酵产多杀菌素最佳培养基为葡萄糖64．5g,麦芽糖20g,玉米浆2g,大豆油40g,棉籽粉25g,黄豆饼粉2．4g,蛋白胨25g,CaCO35g,定容至1L,pH7．0。培养基优化后多杀菌素产量由278．1mg／L提高到508．7mg／L,比初始多杀茵素产量提高了1．83倍。     

Optimization of fermentation medium for xylanase-producing strain Xw2

To improve the fermentation yield of xylanase by optimizing the fermentation conditions for strain Xw2, a Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the effects of eight variables on xylanase production by strain Xw2. The steepest ascent （descent） method was used to approach the optimal response surface experimental area. The optimal fermentation conditions were obtained by central composite design and response surface analysis. The results showed that the composition of the optimal fermentation medium was corn cob ＋ 1.5% wheat bran （1：1）, 0.04% MnSO4, 0.04% K2HPO4. 3H2O, and an inoculum size of 6% in 50 mL liquid volume （pH = 6.0）. The optimal culture conditions were 28oc at 150 r/min for 54.23 h. The results of this study can serve as the basis for the industrial production and application of xylanase.     

发酵法生产丁二酸的化学合成培养基的筛选

以产琥珀酸放线杆菌Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113 为出发菌株,针对该菌株筛选出含有关键生长因子的化学合成培养基,其关键因子为谷氨酸（Glu）、蛋氨酸（Met）和生物素（VH）和烟酸（VPP）。结合原发酵培养基中的磷酸缓冲盐成分,最终得到的化学合成培养基配方（g/L）： CH3COONa 1.36,NaCl 1.0,MgCl2 0.2,CaCl2 0.2,Na2HPO4 0.31,NaH2PO4 1.6, KH2PO4 3,NH4HCO3 1.57,Glu 0.87,Met 0.11,VH 0.010,VPP 0.025。在3 L发酵罐上进行验证实验,50 g/L初始葡萄糖发酵70 h,丁二酸的质量浓度为45.2 g/L,丁二酸收率达到90.4%。与之前的半合成培养基发酵制备丁二酸相比,丁二酸的收率提高了25.2%,副产物也有很大幅度的减少。     

响应面法优化毛霉菌发酵培养基

采用响应面分析方法优化毛霉菌B的发酵培养基,首先通过单因素试验筛选出葡萄糖为最适碳源,酵母膏和玉米浆为最适氮源,用Plackett—Burman试验对葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆、MgSO4、FeSO4、NILCl/、HPO4进行评估并筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素：葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆,再通过最陡爬坡试验逼近其最大响应区域,最后采用Box—Behnken试验对其用量进行优化,得到毛霉菌最佳发酵培养基（g/L）：葡萄糖51．54,酵母膏5．22,玉米浆14．31,MgSO40．5,FeSO40．1,NH4Cl3,k2HPO43,pH6．0～6．5。培养基优化后,毛霉生物量由23．51g／L提高至31．13g/L,比对照组提高32．41％,腺嘌呤转化率由53．59％提高至59．97％,ATP产率由6．56g／L提高至7．34g／L,比对照组提高11．89％。     

Effect of pH on the batch fermentation of pullulan from sucrose medium

Two strains of the yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans 2552 and 140B have been used for the fermentative production of the polysaccharide pullulan from a sucrose synthetic medium. In the batch fermentation, either in Erlenmeyers or in the fermentor, the pH of the culture medium was decreased rapidly from its initial pH value of 5.5 to the self-stabilized final value of 2.5 within 24 h. Experiments on the effect of initial pH on the fermentation revealed that at very low initial pH values, such as at pH 2, the polysaccharide production was in-significant. However, the biomass concentration obtained was very high at this very low initial pH value. This interesting phenomenon was served as the basic principle for the development of the bistaged pH fermentation process for the production of pullulan. In this process the first stage of fermentation was conducted at the very acidic pH for the best production of biomass. When the biomass concentration reached its maximum value, the second stage of fermentation was initiated by adjusting the medium pH to a higher value for promoting the synthesis of the polysaccharide. Experiments conducted in Erlenmeyers and in the fermentor confirmed this concept. The bistaged pH process enhanced the polysaccharide concentration in the medium, influenced the rheological properties of the fermentation broth, and has a potential of operation under nonsterile and nonaseptic conditions.     

The effect of medium composition on the acetone-butanol fermentation in continuous culture

The effects of growing Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIB 8052 in a chemostat under conditions of glucose, NH(4) (+), PO(4) (3-), Mg(2+), and Fe(2+) limitation were examined. It was noted that limitation of any major nutrient resulted in the same fermentation pattern. Conditions where minor nutrient levels were reduced appeared to stimulate solvent production. Under conditions of Mg(2+) restriction, a productive solventogenic culture was produced, with a yield of total solvents on glucose of 35.5%.