首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
城市土壤中多环芳烃分布和风险评价研究进展   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
随着城市化进程的加快,城市土壤中的多环芳烃(PAHs)污染日趋严重.本文从城市土壤中多环芳烃的分布和来源等方面综述了国内外取得的最新研究成果,对影响城市土壤多环芳烃分布的人为因素、自然因素,常见的多环芳烃源解析方法,以及城市土壤多环芳烃污染的风险评价进行了全面的阐述,尤其对地统计学在多环芳烃空间分析及风险评价上的应用进行了总结.最后,对未来城市土壤中多环芳烃研究的重点与发展趋势进行了展望.  相似文献   

2.
多环芳烃是一类广泛存在于各种环境介质中的持久性有机污染物。针对土壤中多环芳烃的污染现状, 为了更加全面明确地识别污染源, 进而能从源头上对多环芳烃的产生与排放加以控制, 综合论述了国内外土壤中多环芳烃定性和定量源解析技术的研究进展; 在介绍各种多环芳烃污染源解析模型的原理和特点的同时, 通过对比国内外相关研究的实例说明各解析方法的使用前提和适用范围, 讨论了源解析技术进步对污染物控制、治理的意义和重要性; 并对土壤中多环芳烃源解析技术研究未来的发展趋势作出展望, 为区域环境治理和能源利用结构调整等相关决策地制定提供参考依据。  相似文献   

3.
多环芳烃类化合物在土壤上的吸附   总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31  
研究了几种多环芳烃化合物在土壤上的吸附行为.通过一个连续投药-取样试验装置,在没有任何其它有机试剂干扰的情况下,测定了荧蒽与菲在土壤上的吸附量.研究表明,这两种多环芳烃化合物在土壤上的吸附量与土壤有机质含量之间呈显著相关.对多环芳烃化合物的分子结构及理化特性,如辛醇-水分配系数、溶解度等参数与LogKoc关系的研究发现多环芳烃化合物的LogKoc与化合物的水溶性、辛酸-水分配系数以及分子结构中的苯环数线性相关.  相似文献   

4.
土壤中高环多环芳烃微生物降解的研究进展   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
微生物修复是去除土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的主要措施。本文以微生物修复PAHs污染土壤的理论基础及其难点为主线,全面综述了土壤中高环PAHs的微生物降解机理。近年来,富集分离得到的以高环PAHs为唯一碳源和能源的优势降解菌逐渐增多,其中,主要是代谢降解四环PAHs的单株降解菌,一些降解菌还能以共代谢方式利用五环PAHs。高环PAHs污染土壤修复的一个难点是其低生物可利用性,微生物通过释放生物表面活性剂、形成生物膜以及分泌胞外多糖提高高环PAHs的生物可利用性,从而加速其降解。真菌和细菌联合作用能增强污染土壤实地修复的效果。因此,通过微生物修复技术来去除土壤中PAHs具有环境友好性、经济适用性以及可持续应用性。  相似文献   

5.
采用GC/MS方法分析了青海湖沉积柱中16种美国EPA优先控制的多环芳烃(TPAHs)的垂直分布状况,并对其来源进行了分析.研究表明,0~20 cm沉积柱中TPAHs的含量为495.1~1172.5 ng·g-1,随沉积年代的更新TPAHs的含量呈增加趋势.这与珠江口和东海沉积柱中的记录基本一致,但明显不同于发达国家同类研究的结果.青海湖沉积物PAHs以2~3环(包括萘、苊、苊烯、芴、菲和蒽)为主,其含量平均占沉积物中PAHs总量的(72.4±8.9)%.青海湖沉积物中的PAHs主要来自长距离的大气传输,家庭燃煤与木材的低温燃烧是其主要来源,高温燃烧过程释放的PAHs(如机动车尾气的排放)近年来有明显增加的趋势.  相似文献   

6.
多环芳烃污染土壤微生物修复研究进展   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
曾军  吴宇澄  林先贵 《微生物学报》2020,60(12):2804-2815
多环芳烃是我国土壤环境质量标准中要求严格管控的一类持久性有机污染物,利用微生物技术修复有机污染土壤具有绿色、经济等突出特点,应用前景广泛.目前多学科的协同发展和新技术的研究应用,为多环芳烃土壤微生物转化机制与污染生态过程等方面带来了新的认识,同时对修复技术的实际应用与调控提供了新的思考方向.本文以多环芳烃污染土壤微生物...  相似文献   

7.
多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)是一种具有致癌、致畸、致突变的持久性有机污染物。本文在分析国内外主要水体沉积物中PAHs污染状况的基础上,综述了近几年有关厌氧水体沉积物中微生物以硝酸盐、Fe(III)以及硫酸盐为电子受体进行呼吸耦合PAHs降解的研究概况。此外,还总结了基于微生物的PAHs降解基因组、蛋白质组、代谢组以及菌群水平上互作网络的研究进展,以期为进一步加速PAHs污染水体沉积物原位生物修复提供科学理论参考。  相似文献   

8.
表面活性剂对土壤中多环芳烃生物有效性影响的研究进展   总被引:9,自引:5,他引:9  
表面活性剂能够改变多环节烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)在土壤中的溶解度、吸附/解吸平衡和与土壤微生物的相互作用,从而改变PAHs的生物有效性,表面活性剂主要通过降低土壤-水之间的界面张力,增加PAHs的溶解度、促进PAHs的运输等方式来加强PAHs的生物有效性,但由于表面活性剂本身对微生物的毒害作用或无毒的表面活性剂优先作为微生物的生长基质,可能会对PAHs的生物有效性起到抑制作用,另外,表面活性剂对土壤中不同形态的PAHs生物有效性的影响不同,表面活性剂、PAHs和土壤微生物的类型浓度以及土壤的物理化学条件等都对PAHs的生物有效性有影响。  相似文献   

9.
污染土壤中多环芳烃生物降解的调控研究   总被引:17,自引:6,他引:17  
选用温度、湿度、表面活性剂TW80和CNP比4个因素为调控因子,采用正交法进行周期为150天的实验研究.结果表明,30天后,土壤中PAHs的降解率可达44.5~74.6%,60天后,达70.4~93.7%,降解率的不同与调控条件显著相关.在此期间,降解最佳条件为40℃,湿度25%,CNP比为120101,TW80分别为200~500mg·kg-1.实验结束时,土壤中PAHs的降解率达91.2~99.8%.降解的最佳条件是40℃,湿度15%.经R值判别表明,不同时期各因子对PAHs降解影响有所不同.温度对PAHs降解影响较大,表面活性剂对土壤中PAHs的生物降解有调控作用.  相似文献   

10.
土壤-植物系统中多环芳烃和重金属的行为研究   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
对土壤中多环芳烃和重金属的行为研究表明,与对照相比,0—20cm以上表土层存在多环芳烃和重金属积累,20cm以下土层未发现积累;与春、秋两次采样结果相比,土壤中多环芳烃的含量有所下降,表明土壤微生物对多环芳烃有一定降解作用,且其降解程度与土壤-植物系统的生态结构有关.菲在地下水中检出浓度较高,表明这一污染物有向下迁移的可能性.此外,柳树对土壤中重金属Cd的积累有明显的削减与净化作用.本研究表明,严格限制污水中多环芳烃和重金属的污染负荷以及设计合理的生态结构是避免多环芳烃和重金属在土壤中积累的关键.  相似文献   

11.
    
This series of articles address site-specific issues associated with evaluating exposure and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments. These include factors that influence the opportunity to come into contact with PAHs in sediments (bioaccessibility) and those that affect the potential for transfer from sediment to ecological and human receptors (bioavailability). Although organic carbon is viewed as an important matrix for sorbing PAHs, studies have shown that there are various forms of carbon, some of which are highly sorptive. These latter forms vary on a site-specific basis and including this form of carbon in the assessment can reduce the uncertainty associated with estimating exposure. Other site-specific factors associated with water clarity, depth, and light penetration can result in enhanced toxicity of PAHs as a result of photoactivation. Chemical analyses of sediments increasingly include the alkylated PAH compounds. Although analyses of this suite of PAH compounds is being conducted to support ecological assessments and forensic analyses, there is little guidance on how to interpret the alkylated PAHs with respect to human health risks. An approach for accomplishing this is suggested.  相似文献   

12.
Provini  A.  Premazzi  G.  Galassi  S.  Gaggino  G. F. 《Hydrobiologia》1989,176(1):213-223
Sediment cores were collected at 5 stations in Lake Varese. They were analyzed for organic matter, N, P, organic C, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn and PAHs. A sedimentological approach has been applied to estimate the ecological risk from identified pollutants.As in other eutrophic lakes in Northern Italy, this lake is also at considerable risk from heavy metal pollution. Cr, Cu and Cd showed the highest enrichment factors for the last 5 years, 23.4, 8.0 and 7.6 respectively. Other metals had enrichment factors ranging from 1 to 3. Fluoranthene was chosen as a representative PAH, derived from combustion products; its average value in surficial sediments ranged from 100 to 220 ng l-1 dw. This compound can be a hazard to human health and aquatic life. An evaluation of radionuclide distributions after the recent Chernobyl accident in the USSR (134Cs, 137C s, 131I, 106Ru) provided useful tracers to follow the cycling of pollutants bound to particulate matter in the aquatic ecosystem.  相似文献   

13.
14.
长江口崇明东滩湿地沉积物对磷的吸附特征   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
研究了崇明东滩湿地低(S1)、中(S2)、高(S3)潮滩沉积物对磷的吸附特征。结果表明,沉积物吸磷过程主要发生在前24 h内,随后近于达到平衡状态。沉积物对PO43--P的平均吸附速率在0~0.5 h内最大,均超过了140 mg.kg-1.h-1;快速吸附过程主要发生在前11 h,前11 h的平均快速吸附速率表现为S1>S3>S2,且沉积物中细颗粒成分越多,沉积物对PO43--P的平均快速吸附速率越大。沉积物对磷的吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,根据Langmuir方程计算,沉积物对磷的吸附容量均>200 mg.kg-1,同时沉积物对PO43--P的吸附容量也表现为S1>S3>S2。原因可能同S1中细颗粒成分、有机碳和常量金属元素(Al、Ca、Fe、Mg)的百分含量较多而S2中细颗粒成分、有机碳和常量金属元素的百分含量较少有关。温度和pH值也影响沉积物对PO43--P的吸附作用。  相似文献   

15.
    
Sediment dredging is an effective engineering measure to reduce the negative effects of PAHs pollution on water environment. The dredging depth is a key parameter in environmental dredging engineering. A guidance of environmental dredging depth needed to reduce the toxicity risk was developed which was specifically designed for the removal of river sediments contaminated by PAHs based on the mean effect range median quotients (mean-ERM-q). The dredging depths for removing river sediments were calculated based on the vertical profile of PAHs content and the quality guidelines of sediment. Pinghu water system was carried out to determine the dredging depths of sediments from nine rivers by the proposed method. Each sediment core was collected from different river. The results showed the profiles of PAHs in sediment cores were irregular and diverse due to river dredging events and human activities in different periods. The risk assessment of PAHs toxicity showed one of nine cores with moderate-high probability, 4 of nine cores with low-moderate probability and the others with low toxicity risk. The achievement can offer a reference to the dredging engineering in other similar river systems.  相似文献   

16.
This investigation represents the first extensive study of the spatial distribution, sources, and potential effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Lake Manzala, the largest of Egypt's Mediterranean coastal lakes. The concentrations of PAHs (Σ39 components) ranged from 246 to 9910 ng g?1 dry wt., the highest values corresponding to urban hotspots with high anthropogenic input coming from wastewater discharges and combustion activities and decreasing offshore. The levels of PAHs were significantly lower compared to values reported in several coastal/estuarine areas (e.g., in Spain, Italy, USA, and Egypt) receiving substantial anthropogenic inputs from urban and industrial activities. Source ratios indicated that the PAHs were mainly from petrogenic sources in near-shore urban hotspots, with higher contributions of pyrolytic sources in coastal and offshore areas which are little influenced by human activities. Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) showed that except at one station heavily impacted by sewage discharge, the total and individual PAH concentrations were below effect range low (ERL) concentrations that are not likely to adversely affect benthic biota.  相似文献   

17.
不同来源生物炭对砷在土壤中吸附与解吸的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
采用OECD Guideline 106批平衡方法研究了由凋落松针、玉米秸秆、牛粪制备的3种生物炭对As(Ⅴ)在棕壤中的吸附和解吸特性的影响.结果表明:3种生物炭的添加量为0.5%时,对As(Ⅴ)在土壤中的吸附量大小顺序为牛粪炭处理>松针炭处理>玉米秸秆炭处理,这与生物炭的基本性质密切相关;等温吸附曲线能用Langmuir方程进行很好的拟合(R2 =0.997);与对照相比,生物炭处理对砷的吸附容量(lgKf 为1.99~2.10)和吸附强度(1/N 为0413~0.449)降低,生物炭对As(Ⅴ)的主要吸附机制为物理吸附;生物炭处理对As(Ⅴ)解吸率大小顺序为:玉米秸秆炭处理>松针炭处理>牛粪炭处理,解吸率在14.5%~18.7%.添加3种来源生物炭降低了棕壤对As(Ⅴ)的吸附,这可能会导致砷的有效性增强,更易被生物吸收,进而增强土壤中砷的毒性.  相似文献   

18.
Although reservoirs in China are of great significance, very few studies on risk assessment have been reported for reservoirs. This study investigated distribution characteristics, cancer and ecological risks, and source diagnosis of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Shitou Koumen Reservoir in Jilin Province, China. A total of 12 sediment samples were collected from the reservoir in August (wet season) 2014. Total PAH concentrations in sediment samples ranged from 1294.51 ng/g to 2755.35 ng/g with a mean concentration of 1757.54 ng/g. For individual PAHs, average concentration of Nap was the highest, 800.56 ng/g, while Acy, Fla, BkF, and DahA were undetected in sediment samples. Light PAHs (2–3 rings) accounting for 74.21% was a dominant PAH compositional pattern. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out; results showed that total PAHs was strongly correlated with the highly enriched sedimentary PAHs, and pH was a major factor in controlling PAH distribution. Lifetime cancer risk was employed to assess cancer risk; results indicated that the fish-culturing area was exposed to cancer risk. The molecular diagnostic ratios of isomeric PAHs were applied to identify possible PAH sources; primary PAH sources were identified as oil-related activities, burning agricultural wastes, vehicular emissions, and industrial discharges.  相似文献   

19.
以沈抚污水灌区为例,研究了长期灌溉含多环芳烃(PAHs)污水对稻田土壤酶活性、微生物种群数量的影响。结果表明,灌区稻田土壤PAHs含量在319.5~6362.8μg.kg-1。长期污水灌溉导致稻田土壤PAHs含量严重超过环境标准。随清水连续灌溉年限的增加,土壤PAHs总量不同程度降低直至低于土壤PAHs环境质量标准。相关性分析表明,在目前污染程度下,灌区稻田3大土壤微生物类群和主要功能群的种群数量主要受土壤理化性质的影响,受PAHs含量影响不明显。土壤全氮含量与细菌数量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。土壤酶活性受到土壤养分和PAHs污染的双重影响,土壤有机碳和全磷含量分别与脱氢酶、多酚氧化酶和脲酶活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),PAHs含量分别与脱氢酶和脲酶活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与多酚氧化酶活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

20.
    
Phenanthrene biodegradation was investigated at different soil water contents [0.11, 0.22, 0.33, 0.44 g H2O (g soil)?1] to determine the effects of water availability on biodegradation rate. A subsurface horizon of Kennebec silty loam soil was used in this study. [9-14C] phenanthrene was dissolved in a mixture of organic contaminants that consisted of 76% decane, 6% ρ-xylene, 6% phenanthrene, 6% pristane, and 6% naphthalene, and then added to the soil. The highest rate of mineralization, in which 0.23% of the [9-14C] phenanthrene degraded to 14CO2 after 66 days of incubation, was observed at the soil water content of 0.44 g H2O/g dry soil. Most of the 14C remained in the soil as the parent compound or as nonextractable compounds by acetonitrile at the highest water content. Concentrations of nonextractable compounds increased with water content, but residual extractable phenanthrene decreased significantly with increasing water content, which presumably indicates that bio-transformation occurred. The mineralization analysis of radiolabeled 9th carbon in phenanthrene underestimated phenanthrene biodegradation. The strong adsorption and low solubility of phenanthrene contributed to the low mineralization of phenanthrene 9th carbon. The other components were subject to higher biological and abiotic dissipation processes with increasing soil water content.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号