AIDS and associated syndromes: clinical manifestations

Numerous clinical and immunological manifestations are commonly observed in AIDS patients. Among these, Kaposi's sarcoma and major opportunistic infections appear today as clinical "markers" of the disease. Other signs and symptoms such as fever, diarrhea, lymphadenopathy and immunological abnormalities are currently recognized as "associated" disorders. One of the main problems faced by clinicians is to evaluate the significance of these "associated" abnormalities, especially when they occur in at risk populations. Much work is still needed to clarify whether they actually imply an individual predisposition to contract the disease, a minor form or some early stage of AIDS.     

钠通道及其相关疾病综合征

钠通道是分布于可兴奋性细胞膜上的一种重要的阳离子通道,其开放控制着动作电位的去极化相,并积极参与了细胞的兴奋、收缩、分泌和突触传递等高度有序的特异性功能。最近研究表明许多困扰人类的家族性遗传病就是因为钠通道发生了基因突变而引起的。简要地综述了钠通道的结构及其目前已发现的相关疾病综合征。并描述了从动物毒素中获取治疗药物的应用前景。     

AIDS in a patient with hemophilia receiving mainly cryoprecipitate.

A 25-year-old man with hemophilia who had been treated primarily with cryoprecipitate presented with epigastric pain and loose, melenic stools. He had a long history of malaise and intermittent upper respiratory tract infection with fever. The patient was shown to have disseminated histoplasmosis and refractory herpes simplex. Immunologic studies demonstrated a markedly decreased ratio of helper to suppressor T cells, lymphopenia, cutaneous anergy and a slightly elevated serum IgA level. These findings met the criteria for the diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. In addition, antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus were detectable in the serum.     

Scientific progress and the prospects for culture-bound syndromes

This paper aims to show that the classification by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) of a distinct listing of disorders known as Culture-Bound Syndromes (CBS) is misguided. I argue that the list of CBS (in Appendix I of the manual) comprises either (a) genuine disorders that should be included within the main body of the DSM; or (b) ersatz-disorders that serve a practical role for psychiatrists dealing with patients from certain cultures but will one day be eliminated or assimilated by bona fide DSM classifications. In support of these views I draw on claims from two key themes in the philosophy of science: (1) the claim that all folk (that is, non-scientific) explanations for phenomena are thoroughly theoretical and therefore fallible; and (2) the occurrence of theoretical elimination in the history of science. I contend that any ersatz-disorders located in the DSM that are judged to be radically false do not differ in kind from eliminated theories in the history of pre-science.     

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related syndromes in hemophiliacs: status throughout the world

The occurrence during the last 2 years of 29 cases of AIDS in hemophiliacs (21 in USA and 8 in Europe) suggests possible transmission of this disease by blood products. All these patients had received Factor VIII or IX concentrates and developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or other opportunistic infections. Kaposi's sarcoma was not observed in any patient. Recent studies have focused on the frequency of AIDS-related complex in hemophiliacs, which may arise as a crucial problem. However this does not justify at the moment any reduction in the substitutive treatment of hemophiliac patients unless new clues to the understanding of these disorders are provided. Therefore, it is mostly important to clearly define, through research programs and precise follow-up of patients, blood products which can be used safely in hemophiliacs.     

逆转录病毒载体在血友病A基因治疗中的研究进展

基因治疗是彻底治愈血友病A的最理想方法,逆转录病毒是最为常用的载体之一,本文对逆转录病毒在血友病A基因治疗中的研究进展作一综述。     

肠道菌群与肠黏膜免疫及相关肠道疾病的研究进展

肠道菌群与肠黏膜免疫之间存在密切的关系,二者相互促进、相互影响,共同维持肠道微生态的平衡,二者失衡可造成肠道器质性及功能性的病变。对肠道菌群、肠黏膜免疫及相关肠道疾病的研究进展作一综述。     

黄热病现状及其疫苗的研究与应用

黄热病(yellow fever,YF)是一种经由伊蚊叮咬传播的急性出血性传染病,流行区主要集中在非洲西部、南美洲等热带地区,临床症状包括高热、恶心、呕吐、黄疸、出血等。黄热病的病原体为黄热病毒(yellow fever virus, YFV),是黄病毒科黄病毒属的单股正链RNA病毒。目前,YF治疗尚无特效药物,以对症治疗和支持治疗为主,接种YF-17D减毒活疫苗是最有效的预防方法。尽管YF-17D已被全球认可,但是疫苗接种所致的不良反应时有报道。本文对近年黄热病的流行情况、疫苗研究进展和应用进行综述。     

时间分辨荧光免疫分析技术研究现状及进展

时间分辨荧光免疫分析是一种新型的超微量的免疫标记分析方法,集酶标记免疫分析和放射免疫分析等优点于一身,且无放射性污染等.本文主要介绍了时间分辨荧光免疫分析的原理、优点,螯合剂的种类,以及各种分析技术及其应用现状和进展.