pH值对日本三角涡虫种群增长、无性生殖及6种酶活力的影响

应用种群累积培养法,就培养液的pH值对日本三角涡虫的生存、种群增长、无性生殖以及涡虫超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、Na -K -ATP酶和Ca2 -Mg2 -ATP酶等6种酶活力的影响进行了探讨.结果表明,涡虫存活的pH上限为11.0,下限为3.0,涡虫存活的最适pH范围为4.5-8.5;pH值对涡虫种群增长有显著影响,种群密度及种群瞬时增长率均随pH的不同而明显改变.培养27d后,pH 4.0-9.0时涡虫种群为正增长:pH 4.5-6.5时,涡虫种群密度最高,pH 7.5-8 .5时次之,pH 7.0时较低,pH 4.0和9.0时最低;而pH 9.5时为负增长.当pH值偏离7.0(偏酸或偏碱)时CAT、GSH-PX、Na -K -ATP酶和Ca2 -Mg2 -ATP酶活力整体均呈现增加的趋势,而SOD和LDH活力整体呈下降趋势.pH值偏离7.0(偏酸或偏碱)时涡虫6种酶活力均产生明显的变化,这与pH 4.5-6.5和pH 7.5-8.5时涡虫具有比pH 7.0实验组涡虫较高的无性横裂生殖率之间可能存在一定的内在联系.本文研究结果可为实验室培养日本三角涡虫提供适宜的pH值指标.     

斜纹夜蛾幼虫感染莱氏野村菌后的抗氧化酶活性变化

【目的】研究斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫感染莱氏野村菌Nomuraea rileyi后的抗氧化防御机制。【方法】通过测定斜纹夜蛾各龄幼虫超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)等的活性,探讨染菌后不同侵染阶段,幼虫抗氧化酶活性的变化趋势和不同接种方法对抗氧化酶活性的影响。【结果】在斜纹夜蛾染菌幼虫和未接种幼虫(对照)中均未测出POD活性;各龄幼虫在接种莱氏野村菌后SOD和CAT活性显著高于对照,但随着侵染过程的进行,2-3龄幼虫的SOD和CAT活性在16 h左右达峰值后迅速降低,而4-5龄幼虫SOD和CAT活性自染菌初期增强后,变化较平缓,至60-72 h后才低于对照。喷雾法与浸蘸法接种后,各龄幼虫SOD和CAT活性显著高于对照,且对于2-3龄幼虫,浸蘸法对抗氧化酶活性的影响显著高于喷雾法,而对于4-5龄幼虫而言两处理方式之间活性差异不显著。【结论】斜纹夜蛾感染莱氏野村菌后,其体内抗氧化酶活性变化很大,SOD和CAT活性先升后降,且其变化趋势与幼虫所处的发育阶段密切相关。在体壁接种量相当的情况下,浸蘸法对2-3龄幼虫SOD和CAT活性的影响大于4-5龄幼虫。     

遮荫对半夏叶片光合色素与保护酶活性的影响

对半夏进行不同程度遮荫处理,研究了其生长过程中叶组织的光合色素含量、叶绿素a/b值、保护酶体系(SOD、POD、CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化及其生理特性.结果表明:不同处理的半夏在生长过程中,光合色素的含量呈先升后降的趋势;与全光照相比,遮荫处理的叶绿素含量较高,叶绿素a/b值较低,类胡萝卜素含量在生长发育中早期较低而后期较高;SOD、POD、CAT活性呈由低到高再降低的趋势,MDA含量持续升高;遮荫处理的SOD、POD活性和MDA含量均低于全光照处理,CAT活性则表现为先高于后低于全光照处理.适度的遮荫可以提高半夏叶绿素的含量,降低膜系统受到的伤害,改善半夏的倒苗状况,为半夏叶片的生长提供较好的环境.     

鲁中山区东亚三角头涡虫有性生殖过程研究初报

于2005年3-5月、9～11月对生活于鲁中山区的东亚三角头涡虫（Dugesia japonica）的有性生殖过程进行了研究,发现鲁中山区东亚三角头涡虫1年只有1次有性生殖过程。卵囊产出的高峰在4月,卵囊孵化与种群密度最高峰在5月,其有性生殖过程与温度、食物、虫体大小密切相关。经实验观察1个卵囊最多能孵出涡虫幼体10条,最少3条。     

绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂对绿豆象生长发育及体内解毒酶和保护酶活性的影响

【目的】蛋白酶抑制剂是广泛存在于植物体内的一类分子量很小的蛋白质,通过影响昆虫体内酶活性,从而抑制幼虫的生长发育。本研究旨在明确绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(MBTI)对绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensis生长发育及体内酶活性的影响。【方法】采用室内人工接虫方法,测定了取食含2.0%MBTI的人工绿豆对绿豆象生长发育的抑制作用;并利用生化方法测定了绿豆象幼虫取食含不同浓度(0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%和2.0%)MBTI的人工绿豆后,其体内解毒酶羧酸酯酶(CarE)和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs)及保护酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化。【结果】绿豆象幼虫取食含2.0%MBTI的人工绿豆后,幼虫体重和成虫羽化率均显著低于对照(取食感虫绿豆品种磨制的人工绿豆),分别只有对照的72%和55%,幼期发育历期相对延长,为对照的1.083倍,而着卵量和卵孵化率并未受到显著影响;取食MBTI含量不同的人工绿豆对各龄期幼虫体内CarE, GSTs和POD活性均有一定的促进作用,而对各龄期幼虫体内SOD和CAT活性均有一定的抑制作用,抑制作用和...     

麦红吸浆虫滞育发生和解除过程中保护酶活力动态

采用保护酶活性测试盒分别测定了麦红吸浆虫滞育前、滞育期及滞育解除后过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）等3种保护酶的活力.结果表明：幼虫从老熟到进入滞育的初期,3种保护酶的活力均呈下降趋势.滞育年周期中,SOD和CAT活力对环境温度的反应相同,即低温促进其活力升高,高温导致其活力下降;POD活力与环境温度和滞育发育有关;整个滞育期间,裸露幼虫和结茧幼虫3种保护酶的活力随季节变化趋势相同,但同期的裸露幼虫活力略高于结茧幼虫;不同滞育年限幼虫3种保护酶的活力差异不显著.滞育解除后,3种保护酶的活力均随生长发育进程逐渐升高.     

水稻施用硅肥对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫保护酶和解毒酶活性的影响

【目的】研究施硅水稻对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée)幼虫保护酶(过氧化氢酶CAT、过氧化物酶POD、超氧化物歧化酶SOD)和解毒酶(谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶GST、乙酰胆碱酯酶ACh E)活性的影响,为探明硅增强水稻抗稻纵卷叶螟的机理和稻纵卷叶螟的综合治理提供依据。【方法】采用感虫水稻品种TN1,设置2种施硅水平,即0.32 g Si/kg土壤(Si+)和不施硅(Si-),测定取食水稻24、48、72、96 h后3龄幼虫体内CAT、POD、SOD、GST、ACh E活性的动态变化。【结果】幼虫取食Si+水稻前期(24~48 h),CAT、POD、SOD活性呈上升趋势,并在48 h时达到最高值;取食后期(48~96 h),CAT、POD、SOD活性下降并在96 h时显著低于Si-处理。在Si-处理中,幼虫CAT和POD活性"先降低、再升高",SOD活性呈一直增大的趋势。取食Si+水稻幼虫GST活性始终显著高于Si-处理,而ACh E活性均低于Si-水稻,并在72 h和96 h时显著低于Si-水稻。处理间幼虫存活率存在显著差异,Si+水稻上1龄和3龄幼虫的存活率显著低于Si-水稻。这些结果说明,硅处理可能使稻纵卷叶螟幼虫产生应激反应引起保护酶活性在短时间内增大,但取食一段时间后保护酶活性下降。ACh E活性受到抑制,会引起昆虫神经传导的异常反应,造成昆虫死亡。【结论】硅可能通过参与植物的生理代谢过程,诱导植物增加次生代谢物的合成和积累,引起稻纵卷叶螟保护酶和解毒酶的活性变化,可能会影响稻纵卷叶螟的存活。     

双酚A对三角涡虫DjSOD,DjCAT,DjGPx基因及相关酶活性的影响

本试验旨在探讨环境内分泌干扰物双酚A(BPA)对涡虫抗氧化酶(SOD,CAT,GPx)的活性及相关基因表达的影响。采用不同浓度的BPA处理涡虫48 h,然后测定抗氧化酶活性,并应用半定量RT-PCR技术探讨相关基因的变化。在BPA胁迫下,SOD活性呈现上升趋势、CAT活性表现出了先上升后下降的趋势,GPx活性总体上变化不大。随BPA浓度的增加,Dj SOD m RNA表达量上升,并呈现剂量-反应关系,Dj CAT及Dj GPx m RNA表达量也呈现出明显的上调现象,但变化趋势并不同于酶活性。BPA诱导涡虫的氧化应激反应,改变抗氧化酶SOD、CAT基因的转录水平。     

保护酶系在小菜蛾对阿维菌素抗性中的作用

对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)阿维菌素敏感(ABM-S)和抗性(ABM-R)种群的保护酶系(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化物酶POD和过氧化氢酶CAT)进行了活性比较。以单头虫表示酶活力,上述3种酶的活性与虫龄正相关,老熟幼虫期酶活性最高。总体上,ABM-S种群的3种酶活性高于ABM-R种群,SOD活性的种群差异随虫龄的增长而减小,1～2龄幼虫ABM-S种群的SOD活性是ABM-R种群的14.27倍。POD活性在3龄幼虫期性差异最大,为4.80倍。CAT活性在4龄末期幼虫无种群差异,其它龄期的活性差异约1～2倍。上述结果表明,阿维菌素抗性并未导致小菜蛾保护酶系统活性增加,这也暗示了昆虫酶系统的能量保守性。     

基于不同饲料的洋虫水提液对小鼠的抗衰老作用

为了评价洋虫Martianus dermestoides成虫和幼虫水提液的抗衰老作用,用高级饲料红花、枸杞、大枣、核桃仁的混合饲料)、大米、麦麸饲料饲养洋虫成虫和幼虫,并用幼虫水提液对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠灌胃, 测定小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶（CAT)的活力及丙二醛（MDA)含量。结果表明：3种饲料饲养的洋虫成虫水提液均能提高小鼠血清中SOD,GSH-Px和CAT活力(P<0.05或P<0.01),且显著降低MDA含量(P<0.05);高级饲料组作用优于大米及麦麸饲料组,但三者差异不显著。高级饲料饲养组,其幼虫水提液对小鼠血清中SOD和CAT活力作用显著强于成虫水提液（P<0.05);对GSH-Px活力及MDA含量影响差异不显著。揭示洋虫成虫和幼虫水提液均有一定的抗氧化作用,是一种有效的抗衰老保健食品,且幼虫抗氧化作用优于成虫,饲料种类对洋虫的抗氧化作用无显著影响。     

花楸体细胞胚发生过程中抗氧化酶活性的变化

花楸体细胞胚发生过程中,胚性愈伤组织可溶性蛋白含量高于其他类型的愈伤组织,非胚性愈伤组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均高于其他类型的愈伤组织;SOD、POD活性均在胚性细胞向球形胚转化时下降,球形胚向心形胚发育时下降,心形胚向鱼雷形胚和鱼雷形胚向子叶形胚发育时再升高;CAT活性变化规律与SOD和POD活性变化不同,从胚性细胞到鱼雷形胚的3个发育时间内表现为下降-升高-下降的趋势,鱼雷形胚向子叶胚发育时略有回升。据此认为,SOD酶活性降低似可作为花楸胚性细胞分化以及胚胎早期发育的一个判断指标。     

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities during in vitro Morphogenesis of Gladiolus and the Effect of Application of Antioxidants on Plant Regeneration

Activity of antioxidant enzymes was evaluated during somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis from cultured leaf segments of Gladiolus hybridus Hort. The effect of exogenous antioxidants on somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis has also been monitored. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) gradually increased during somatic embryogenesis. while activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) decreased. In contrast, increase in CAT and POX activity and a concomitant decrease in SOD activity were noted during shoot organogenesis. Exogenous application of antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH), α-tocopherol and ascorbate (AA) inhibited somatic embryogenesis but stimulated shoot organogenesis. The frequency of somatic embryogenesis increased with the addition of H₂O₂. However, H₂O₂ inhibited shoot organogenesis. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes during <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chenopodium murale</Emphasis> seed germination

The activities and isoenzyme pattern of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) have been studied during germination of Chenopodium murale seeds. CAT and SOD activities were similar in dry seeds and during first 2 d of imbibition. CAT activity increased during radicle protrusion and early seedling development. The maximum SOD activity was found at final stages of germination and early seedling development. POD activity was not detected until the 6^th day of germination, indicating POD involvement not until early seedling development. Gibberellic acid (GA₃, 160 μM) delayed and synchronized C. murale germination.     

The activity of antioxidant enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to colchicine and H2O2

Studies on the possible interference of colchicine and H2O2 with the activity of some antioxidant enzymes were carried out on Arabidopsis thaliana v. Columbia grown in Murashige and Skooge nutrient medium. Measurements of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities were conducted spectrophotometrically. In the presence of colchicine, SOD activity increased, while CAT, APX and POX activities decreased. Inhibitory H2O2 effects on the activity of the enzymes were found. Colchicine pre-treatment resulted in an increase in CAT activity and a further increase in SOD activity in plants treated with H2O2.     

郁金香衰老过程中几种保护酶活性的变化

两个郁金香品种在开花后随着可溶性蛋白含下降,细胞内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶３种保护酶活性也随之下降,同时发生过氧化产物丙二醛的迅速累积;     

"Oxidative stress" response in submerged cultures of a recombinant Aspergillus niger (B1-D)

A recombinant strain of Aspergillus niger (B1-D), engineered to produce the marker protein hen egg white lysozyme, was investigated with regard to its susceptibility to "oxidative stress" in submerged culture in bioreactor systems. The culture response to oxidative stress, produced either by addition of exogenous hydrogen peroxide or by high-dissolved oxygen tensions, was examined in terms of the activities of two key defensive enzymes: catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Batch cultures in the bioreactor were generally found to have maximum specific activities of CAT and SOD (Umg x protein(-1)) in the stationary/early-decline phase. Continuous addition of H2O2 (16 mmole L(-1) h(-1)), starting in the early exponential phase, induced CAT but did not increase SOD significantly. Gassing an early exponential-phase culture with O2 enriched (25 vol%) air resulted in increased activities of both SOD and CAT relative to control processes gassed continuously with air, while gassing the culture with 25 vol% O2 enriched air throughout the experiment, although inducing a higher base level of enzyme activities, did not increase the maximum SOD activity obtained relative to control processes gassed continuously with air. The profile of the specific activity of SOD (U mg CDW(-1)) appeared to correlate with dissolved oxygen levels in processes where no H2O2 addition occurred. These findings indicate that it is unsound to use the term "oxidative stress" to encompass a stress response produced by addition of a chemical (H2O2) or by elevated dissolved oxygen levels because the response to each might be quite different.     

淹水胁迫对铺地黍几种保护酶活性的影响

目的:探讨淹水胁迫对铺地黍几种保护酶活性的影响.方法:通过模拟试验,研究不同淹水时间对铺地黍体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的影响.结果:在淹水胁迫前期,铺地黍体内SOD、CAT和PPO活性总体表现为升高的变化特征.之后,随着胁迫时间的延长,3种酶活性均逐渐降低,在淹水5w时,SOD、CAT和PPO活性分别为对照的38.7%、50.3%和178.2%.而在整个淹水期间POD活性则一直呈升高的趋势.结论:几种保护酶对淹水胁迫的响应能力有差异,其中SOD、CAT活性的变化可作为铺地黍对淹水反应的生理指标.     

Changes in antioxidative enzymes activities during Tacitus bellus direct shoot organogenesis

Changes in antioxidative enzymes activities during Tacitus bellus direct shoot organogenesis from leaf explants were examined. During the early stages of shoot organogenesis there was a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and an increase in catalase (CAT) activity, and later during organogenesis there was an increase in peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Two highly regulated turning points may be distinguished regarding activities and isoforms of antioxidative enzymes: the initiation of shoot organogenesis and the shoot bud formation. Our data suggest the role of specific CAT, POD, SOD and PPO isoforms in separate processes during T. bellus direct shoot organogenesis.     

Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the brain of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Brain antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels were studied in the brains of early diabetic (72 hr) and long term diabetic (one month) rats. Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) in citrate buffer. One group of diabetic rats was treated with insulin (1U/day/animal). The results indicate that early diabetic rats exhibit increased SOD and CAT activities with no alteration in the GPX activity. On the contrary, increased CAT decreased GPX activities with no alteration in the SOD activity, was noted in the long-term Diabetic rats. Insulin treatment reversed these alterations in both the groups. It can be concluded that, in diabetic condition antioxidant enzyme levels are elevated and insulin treatment attenuated these changes. Hence, diabetes mellitus, if left untreated, may initiate degenerative processes and other CNS complications due to accumulation of oxidative free radicals.