刺激大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质诱发的脊髓背根电位及其传出途径的分析

电刺激大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG),在腰5(L_5)背根可记录到—稳定的负性背根电位(DRP),简称 PAG-DRP。PAG-DRP 具有空间和时间总和性质,沿背根作电紧张性扩布,且能被 GABA 能拮抗剂印防己毒素(Picrotoxin)所抑制。电解损毁中缝大核(NRM)对刺激背侧 PAG 诱发的 PAG-DRP 无明显影响,而可使刺激腹侧 PAG 诱发的 PAG-DRP电位幅值降低40%左右。结果表明,PAG 下行抑制作用中有突触前抑制参与;NRM 参与腹侧 PAG-DRP 的产生,背侧 PAG-DRP 则可能由 NRM 以外的其他核团中继。     

电刺激猫中脑导水管周围灰质和中缝大核对脊髓背角神经元伤害性感受反应的抑制

1.在氯醛糖麻醉的猫上,观察了电刺激中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)和中缝大核(NRM)对脊髓腰段背角神经元传入活动的影响。2.按照对刺激的反应型式,在背角记录到非伤害性低阈值传入、广动力范围、伤害性热敏以及高阈值传入诱发的自发放电抑制等四类神经元。3.刺激 PAG和 NRM对记录到的多数背角神经元皮肤传入反应有明显抑制效应,而对自发放电抑制性神经元产生去抑制。4.比较刺激两脑区的抑制效应:NRM 作用较PAG 强;PAG 活动对背角伤害性反应抑制的选择性较 NRM强;阿片肽拮抗剂-纳洛酮拮抗NRM刺激的抑制。5.这些结果提示PAG和NRM对脊髓的下行抑制,可能有一部分是通过不同神经机制实现的。     

Effects of thalamic sensory relay nucleus stimulation on the jaw-opening reflex in response to tooth-pulp stimulation in the cat

The effects of stimulation of the thalamic sensory relay nucleus (TSRN, nucleus ventralis posteromedialis) on the jaw-opening reflex (JOR) in response to tooth pulp stimulation were compared with the effects of stimulation of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) in the cat. After stimulation of the TSRN, PAG and NRM, the JOR was inhibited. However, while the inhibitory effects of PAG and NRM stimulation lasted for more than 500 ms and were antagonized by the opiate antagonist, naloxone, the inhibitory effects of TSRN stimulation lasted for approximately 100 ms and were resistant to naloxone. These findings suggest that although TSRN stimulation exerts descending inhibitory effects on segmental nociceptive activity, similarly to PAG or NRM stimulation, the descending inhibitory pathways mediating the effect of TSRN stimulation may be largely distinct physiologically as well as pharmacologically from those mediating the effect of PAG and NRM stimulation.     

Modulation of neuron activity of the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter influenced by monoaminergic brainstem structures

A study was done on base activity and changes in base activity (BA) of neurons in periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) during stimulation of monoaminergic structures of the brainstem: the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), the locus coeruleus (LC), and the substantia nigra (SN), in rats anesthetized with hexenal (200 mg/kg). Three types of PAG neurons that differed in BA structure were identified. NRM, LC and SN stimulation changed BA only in type III neurons. Stimulation of these structures evoked an increase in BA frequency in 11.0–14.5%, and inhibition in 31.0–47.5% of type III neurons. Simultaneous stimulation of two structures led to a marked drop in intensity of effects. A depressing effect on BA was always detected if stimulation of one of the structures suppressed BA. Stimulation of two structures, with one being the NRM, was most effective. The role of PAG in the organization of the brain-stem component of the antinociceptive mechanism is discussed.A. A. Bogomolets Institute of Physiology, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 52–60, January–February, 1992.     

Ionic mechanisms of action of GABA on dorsal and ventral root myelinated fibers: effects of K+ channel blockers

Excitability changes evoked by the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) in myelinated axons of dorsal and ventral roots of the isolated bullfrog sciatic nerve were compared in the absence and presence of K+ channel blockers. Half-maximal A-fiber responses to a 0.5-Hz stimulation of the whole nerve were recorded from individual roots. Direct applications of Ringer with raised K+ levels to the site of stimulation caused increases in excitability of both dorsal and ventral root fibers, which resembled those evoked in the ventral root by the GABA agonist THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]ol). The increases in dorsal root fiber responses produced by GABA were depressed by tetraethylammonium (TEA) (3 mM), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) (50 microM), Cs (2 mM), and Ba (1 mM). Ventral root fibers were less consistently affected. The early component of GABA-evoked excitability increases was depressed by 4-AP, Cs, and Ba, but greatly augmented by TEA. THIP-evoked changes in the excitability of the dorsal and ventral root fibers were, respectively, depressed and enhanced by TEA. The augmenting effect of TEA on the early component of GABA agonist effects on the ventral root fibers is attributed to their high resting K+ conductance and the presence of a slowly inactivating, fast K+ current (If1). The depressant effects of K+ channel blockade on depolarizing components of agonist-evoked changes in dorsal and ventral root responses indicate interference with release and (or) sensitivity to K+ and a possible contribution from a mechanism involving voltage-dependent delayed rectifier K+ currents.     

离体运动神经元对腹外侧索刺激的突触反应特征

应用新片大鼠脊髓薄片运动神经元细胞内记录技术,对电刺激腹外侧索诱发的突触反应进行了电生理特性分析。结果在２８个测试的ＭＮ中,２２人有兴奋性突触后电位反应,其中２个跟随在抑制性突触反应这后,６个还对单或串刺激产生慢ＥＰＳＰ反应;ＶＬＦ－ＥＰＳＰ的潜伏期频数分布呈峰坡性偏态;同－ＭＮ的ＶＬＦ－ＥＰＳＰ与腹根ＥＰＳＰ间有典型的空间总和。     

Specific effects of alpha-D,L-aminoadipic acid on synaptic transmission in frog spinal cord

The sucrose gap technique was employed to investigate both synaptic and amino acid evoked responses from motoneurones or primary afferents of frog spinal cord. alpha-D,L-Aminoadipic acid (alpha-D,L-AAD) selectively antagonized responses to acidic amino acids, especially aspartate. The drug was most effective in antagonizing the polysynaptic components of synaptic potentials evoked by dorsal root or lateral column stimulation but had little effect on their monosynaptic components. The ventral root dorsal root potential which is thought to be mediated by a pathway that does not involve acidic amino acids was insensitive to alpha-D,L-AAD. These data, which were confirmed by intracellular recording from motoneurones, provided further evidence for the role of acidic amino acids in polysynaptic pathways in frog spinal cord.     

A comparison of experimental procedures of investigation of the dorsal root evoked ventral root reflex in the frog

Effects of the drug methyl-m-aminobenzoate (MS-222 Sandoz) on the dorsal root evoked ventral root responses were studied by electrophysiological methods in the frog spinal cord. A fairly quick and marked depression of the response was observed from which complete recovery was seen within 60 minutes. Larger doses or repeated injection of small amounts of the drug prolonged the recovery and the monosynaptic discharge component of the ventral root reflex often deteriorated irreversibly. - In further experiments, monosynaptic ventral root discharges were demonstrated in spinal cords isolated from the vertebral canal and kept in Ringer solution. The results are discussed in the light of controversial views about the occurrence of monosynaptic ventral root discharge to stimulation of the primary afferents in the amphibian spinal cord.     

兴奋黑质对中缝大核神经元的抑制作用及其机制

本工作观察到在清醒、麻痹大鼠,电刺激黑质致密部(SN_C)或网状部(SN_R)均明显抑制中缝大核(NRM)神经元的自发放电;电针刺激双侧“足三里-三阴交”的同时,电刺激SN_C或SN_R可完全翻转电针对NRM神经元的兴奋效应,NRM神经元放电受抑制。将谷氨酸钠微量注入黑质,对中缝大核神经元亦具有抑制作用,电解损毁双侧中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)腹外侧部或将多巴胺受体阻断剂氟哌啶醇注入该处,均可阻断此抑制效应。提示黑质对抗电针镇痛机制之一是通过其DA能投射纤维作用于PAG内的DA受体,进而抑制PAG-NRM系统而实现的。     

延髓头端腹外侧区在躯体传入冲动抑制中枢性心肌缺血中的作用

电刺激麻醉家免延髓头端腹外侧区(rVLM)能诱发心外膜电图ST段明显抬高。刺激腓深神经能抑制这种反应。P5平面横断脑干、双侧电解损毁中脑中央灰质腹侧部(vPAG)或在双侧rVLM微量注射脑啡肽抗体后,均能明显减弱腓深神经的抑制作用。以上结果提示腓深神经能够抑制由rVLM诱发的心肌缺血反应。腓深神经的这种抑制效应可能有赖于中脑头端以上某些区域脑结构的完整,vPAG可能是这种抑制效应的中枢环节之一,延髓水平的脑啡肽可能参与这种抑制过程。