牙髓紫卟啉杆菌血清学特性分析

牙髓类杆菌曾是重要的产黑色素类杆菌群菌株,最近重新命名为牙髓紫卟啉杆菌,与牙髓尖周感染和牙源性脓肿有特殊关系。本文用牙髓紫卟啉杆菌ATCC 35406国际标准菌株免疫Balb/c小鼠制得免疫血清,ELISA法检测该抗血清的特异性。发现与中间型类杆菌、产黑色素类杆菌、赖氏类杆菌、躯体类杆菌、牙类杆菌、牙龈紫卟啉杆菌、脆弱类杆菌、黄褐二氧化碳嗜纤维菌、生痰二氧化碳嗜纤维菌、衣氏放线菌反应均阴性,而同不解糖紫卟啉杆菌呈现弱阳性反应,说明矛髓紫卟啉杆菌与不解糖紫卟啉杆菌具有某种相同抗原结构,存在血清交叉反应,血清学关系较近。牙髓紫卟啉杆茵多克隆抗体直接用于临床该菌的检出与鉴定,尚存一定缺陷。     

口腔各种产黑色素类杆菌外膜结构的电镜观察

本文对从根管中分离的产黑色素类杆菌群的部分菌株:牙髓类杆菌、牙龈类杆菌、中间型类杆菌、产黑色素类杆菌的表面结构进行了电镜观察。观察发现牙髓类杆菌、牙龈类杆菌表面有放射状排列的菌毛样结构;牙龈类杆菌表面有荚膜;多数细菌的细胞膜外有多个小泡状结构;这些结构可能在细菌吸附于组织的过程中起着重要的作用。     

牙龈卟啉杆菌W83单克隆抗体的研制与鉴定

牙龈类杆菌曾是重要的产黑色素类杆菌群菌株,最近重新命名为牙龈卟啉杆菌,该菌为牙周病龈下菌斑中关键性厌氧菌,与成人慢性牙周炎的发生、发展有密切关系。作者用牙龈卟啉杆菌侵袭型菌株W83,作为免疫原,通过免疫小鼠、细胞融合、筛选、克隆化,最后得到一株能够稳定分泌抗牙龈卟啉杆菌W83的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞系,经鉴定该单抗特异性良好,可用于临床该菌的检出和生态学研究。     

用间接免疫荧光法快速检测牙周袋内牙龈拟杆菌

我们用牙龈拟杆菌参考菌株(47A-1)制备标准免疫血清,通过问接免疫荧光法直接检测人龈下菌斑的涂片,共检查了90例正常人、75例牙龈炎患者、70例成年牙周炎患者。从记录一个荧光显微镜视野中的牙龈拟杆菌菌数发现:健康人与患者的标本间有一个明显的分界线,它具有帮助临床工作者诊断的实际意义。     

钢丝结扎固定外伤牙对牙周组织及龈下微生物丛的影响

牙外伤是口腔科的常见病之一,钢丝结扎固定外牙是临床上最常用的方法本研究观察了钢丝结扎固定前、后的同一部位牙周组织及龈沟内产黑色素类杆菌群的变化情况。结果显示：牙龈指数及龈袋深度均有显著性差异;与牙周组织病关系最为密切的致病菌－产黑色素类杆菌群的检出率明显提高,提示临床应对结扎患者进行了正确的口腔卫生指导,从而进行特异性的预防。     

牙髓拟杆菌的分离,培养,鉴定

牙髓拟杆菌是产黑色素拟杆菌群中的一个新菌种。本试验通过对牙髓腔感染标本中分离、培养、鉴定各种细菌,发现牙髓拟杆菌主要分布在牙髓腔内,其存在与根尖周炎有无症状密切相关,此菌对氧敏感,用常规鉴定及气相色谱法与其它菌无法区别,而间接免疫荧光法是确定牙髓拟杆菌菌种和直接检测牙髓腔标本中有无此菌的一个快速、可靠的方法。     

用间接荧光免疫法快速检测牙周袋内牙龈类杆菌

本试验选择成年牙周炎致病菌—产黑色素类杆菌群中牙龈类杆菌为指示菌,用牙龈类杆菌47A—1参考株制备标准抗血清,并和羊抗兔IgG荧光抗体,直接与牙周龈下菌斑标本涂片进行间接荧光反应,计数一个视野荧光反应阳性的牙龈类杆菌的菌数(三个视野平均值)。全过程只需1.5～2小时。用此法检查了90例健康人,75例牙龈炎及70例牙周炎患者,结果发现正常牙周人的牙龈类杆菌菌数为     

血液链球菌对牙周可疑致病菌的拮抗作用

本实验观察了血液链球菌对与牙周组织破坏关系密切的５种细菌的拮抗作用,包括：放线共生放线杆菌、牙龈类杆菌１中间类杆菌,产黑色素类杆菌、具核梭杆菌、二氧化碳噬纤维菌和放线菌。结果表明,在体外,血液链球菌除对粘性放线菌无拮抗作用外,对所有参试的这几种牙周可疑致病菌均有拮抗作用。拮抗物质存在于血液链球菌生活的细胞内。     

儿童乳牙根管感染的细菌学分析

对18例3～8岁儿童乳牙的根管感染以无菌技术进行定量取样,按种于12种选择性培养基和2种非选择性培养基上,进行需氧、微需氧和厌氧培养,并对细菌菌落计数。对牙髓拟杆菌和牙龈拟杆菌作半定量免疫荧光染色计数;并对其中9例病牙进行了菌相分析。检出的所有细菌中,厌氧菌占绝对优势;其中检出率较高的菌为:产黑色素拟杆菌属,厌氧革兰氏阳性球菌,微需氧革兰氏阳性球菌等.本试验证明,儿童乳牙根管感染是以厌氧菌为主的混合感染,其中以产黑色素拟杆菌属等最常见.     

海洋产黑色素假交替单胞菌XH2的筛选及培养条件优化

利用微生物所产天然黑色素可以在食品、日用品和医疗制药等行业替代传统化学合成的黑色素。从大连星海湾海域筛选出1株产黑色素性状优良的菌株XH2,生理生化鉴定及16S r DNA鉴定XH2为假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas),并对XH2产黑色素及菌株生长的温度、pH值、盐度、L-Tyr含量、Ca Cl2含量等条件进行了优化。结果表明,XH2在20℃,pH值为7,Na Cl含量为1%(质量分数),L-Tyr含量0. 5 g/L,Ca Cl2含量0. 1 g/L时,产黑色素情况最好,连续培养72 h,产黑色素量为1. 164 g/L,相较于优化前产量提高了2. 6倍,测定了发酵液中酪氨酸酶活性,验证了酪氨酸酶的存在,为微生物产黑色素及微生物基因研究提供了新的研究对象及参考。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000