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1.
T. Bornefeld 《Archives of microbiology》1981,129(5):371-373
The cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans contained levels of inorganic pyrophosphate (PP) which were about 50% of those of ATP in dark and light. Steady-state levels of PP were not decreased by the inhibitor of non-cyclic electron transport DCMU [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea]. During transition from dark to light levels of PP increased rapidly. The rate of increase corresponded to a rate of synthesis of about 150 mol x mg chl-1 x h-1. PP formation was affected by DCMU in a similar manner to ATP synthesis.The question whether the light-dependent formation of PP is a photosynthetic process or is linked to reactions releasing PP has been studied using a newly developed cell-free system from Anacystis. Rates of ATP synthesis by phenazine metosulfate-catalyzed cyclic photophosphorylation in this system were about 170 mol x mg chl-1 x h-1. Formation of PP could only be observed in presence of a trapping system which converted PP to ATP, otherwise PP was split by a particle-bound inorganic pyrophosphatase. In absence of ADP neither ATP nor PP was formed.It is concluded that the light-dependent formation of PP in Anacystis is not a photosynthetic process and that the PP is derived from ATP.Abbreviations AMS
adenosine 5-monosulfate
- APS
adenosine 5-phosphosulfate
- APSase
adenosine 5-triphosphate sulfurylase
- chl
chlorophyll
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea
- Hepes
N-2-hydroxyethyl-piperazine-N-2-ethanesulfonic acid
- Mes
2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid
- PCA
perchloric acid
- PMS
phenazine metosulfate
- PPase
inorganic pyrophosphatase 相似文献
2.
Photosynthesis-dependent removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by Chlorella fusca var. vacuolata 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Of 7 green algae, Chlorella fusca var. vacuolata removed about 23% of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) at 10–80 M after 4 d when grown photoautotrophically. Removal of DCP was growth-dependent and was suppressed dose-dependently by the photosynthesis inhibitor, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea. 相似文献
3.
A method of simultaneously quantifying photoautotrophic (algae and cyanobacteria) and bacterial production in periphyton communities by 14C-bicarbonate and 3H-leucine incorporation was investigated and applied to communities subjected to specific intensities of photosynthetically active radiation (400–700 nm). Maximum photosynthetic output (2.23 ± 0.29 (SE) g C cm-2 h-1) and bacterial production (0.07 ± 0.006 g C cm-2 h-1) occurred at the highest photon flux density (400 mol m-2 s-1). Over a photon flux density range of 20–400 mol m-2 s-1, bacterial and autotroph productivity were significantly and positively correlated (r = 0.89). Furthermore, application of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea, a photosystem 11 inhibitor, to periphyton films reduced bacterial production by 46%, but it had no such effect on bacteria-only cultures. Therefore, the magnitude of bacterial production in periphyton was coupled to the photosynthesis/metabolism of algae and/or cyanobacteria. 相似文献
4.
Postprandial variations in the activity of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes of fluid- and particle-associated ruminal microbial populations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dr. Cécile Martin Brigitte Michalet-Doreau Gérard Fonty Alan Williams 《Current microbiology》1993,27(4):223-228
Effect of an algicidal product fromOscillatoria late-virens and of the herbicide 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU) on growth, photosynthesis, and mouse toxicity inMicrocystis PCC 7820 was examined. Their lethal concentrations abolished photosystem (PS)-II reactions and eventually bleached and detoxified the cyanobacterium. Although loss of protein, chlorophyll, and toxicity were also induced by sublethal antibiotic doses, photosynthetic activities remained unchanged and developed antibiotic tolerance. These effects could be duplicated in natural conditions, implying utility of the natural algicide in control of toxic cyanobacteria. 相似文献
5.
The activities and kinetics of the enzymes G6PDH (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and 6PGDH (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) from the mesophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6307 and the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6716 are studied in relation to temperature. In Synechococcus 6307 the apparent K
m's are for G6PDH: 80M (substrate) and 20M (NADP+); for 6PGDH: 90M (substrate) and 25M (NADP+). In Synechococcus 6716 the apparent K
m's are for G6PDH: 550M (substrate) and 30M (NADP+); for 6PGDH: 40M (substrate) and 10M (NADP+). None of the K
m's is influenced by the growth temperature and only the K
m's of G6PDH for G6P are influenced by the assay temperature in both organisms. The idea that, in general, thermophilic enzymes possess a lower affinity for their substrates and co-enzymes than mesophilic enzymes is challenged.Although ATP, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, NADPH and pH can all influence the activities of G6PDH and 6PGDH to a certain extent (without any difference between the mesophilic and the thermophilic strain), they cannot be responsible for the total deactivation of the enzyme activities observed in the light, thus blocking the pentose phosphate pathway.Abbreviations G6PDH
glucose-6-phosphate, dehydrogenase
- 6PGDH
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
- G6P
glucose-6-phosphate
- 6PG
6-phosphogluconate
- RUDP
ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
- Tricine
N-Tris (hydroxymethyl)-methylglycine 相似文献
6.
Reinhard Tutschek 《Planta》1982,155(4):301-306
L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5) from Sphagnum magellanicum BRID. is inhibited by t-cinnamic acid in vitro only at relatively high doses. In contrast, p-coumaric acid does not display an inhibitory effect in a comparable concentration range. Sphagnum acid, an endogenous cinnamic acid derivative of sphagna, strongly enhances PAL activity at certain concentrations. The involvement of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the biosynthesis of the main reddish-violet wall pigment of Sphagnum magellanicum (sphagnorubin) is studied at several metabolic levels. Extractable PAL activity rises in response to the stimulus of sphagnorubin synthesis (nightly application of low temperature). If the formation of sphagnorubin is blocked in vivo by the PAL-inhibitor L--aminooxy--phenylpropionic acid (AOPP), complementation of the mosses by p-coumaric acid is able to overcome partially the inhibition. The mechanism of PAL induction by nightly cold treatment is independent of soluble carbohydrates which concomitantly accumulate as a result of photosynthetic action. Suppression of the sugar formation by application of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU) is contrasted with an enhancement of PAL activity above the level of the merely cold-treated plants. The fluctuations of the enzyme level are principally unaffected by a DCMU-treatment.Abbreviations L-AOPP
L--aminooxy--phenylpropionic acid
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea
- PAL
L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5.)
- TAL
L-tyrosine ammonia-lyase
Dedicated to Professor H. Rudolph 相似文献
7.
Sharma S.K. Singh D.P. Shukla H.D. Ahmad Anwar Bisen P.S. 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2001,17(7):707-711
The light-induced proton efflux and active carbon uptake are inhibited by mercury and cadmium ions in Anabaena flos-aquae. The inhibitory effects of these heavy metal ions are reversed by 40 mM concentration of sodium. Here we report that light-induced proton efflux is sodium-dependent which leads to a characteristic enhancement in the rate of photosynthetic oxygen generation and carbon fixation. A low concentration (10 M) of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) significantly inhibited the rate of oxygen generation while 10 M carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) completely blocked the oxygen generation activity in the organism. The chlorophyll-a fluorescence yield indicates that little fluorescence quenching occurred in the absence of sodium ion. Increasing the extracellular sodium ion accelerated both the initial rate and the extent of fluorescence quenching. These results support the assumption that metal-induced inhibition of the photosynthetic machinery may be mediated by the movement of protons. 相似文献
8.
Thylakoids of Oscillatoria chalybea are able to split water. The Hill reaction of these thylakoids is sensitive to DCMU. Diphenylcarbazide can substitute for water as the electron donor to photosystem II with these fully functioning thylakoids. However, the diphenylcarbazide photooxidation is completely insensitive to 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-N-dimethyl urea (DCMU) at high diphenylcarbazide concentrations. In with Tris-treated Oscillatoria thylakoids the water splitting capacity is lost and diphenylcarbazide restores electron transport through photosystem II as occurs with higher plant chloroplasts. However, also these photoreactions are insensitive to DCMU. If diphenylcarbazide acts in Oscillatoria as an electron donor to photosystem II the result suggests that diphenylcarbazide feeds in its electrons behind the DCMU inhibition site. This in turn indicates that in Oscillatoria the site of inhibition of DCMU is on the donor side of photosystem II.Abbreviations Used DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-N-dimethyl urea
- DPC
diphenylcarbazide
- DCPiP
2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol
- TMB
tetramethyl benzidine
- A-2-sulf
anthraquinone-2-sulfonate 相似文献
9.
《Plant science》1986,46(1):5-10
Cyanobacterin, a secondary metabolite produced by the cyanobacterium, Scytonema hofmanni, inhibits the growth of algae and plants. This compound is a potent inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport and acts at a site in photosystem II (PS II). To further define the site of action of cyanobacterin, the effects of this natural product were investigated in a herbicide-resistant mutant of the cyanobacterium, Anacystis nidulans R2D2-X1. A. nidulans R2D2-X1 was reported to grow and maintain photosynthetic electron transport in the presence of 20 μM 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) and 6.0 μM atrazine. Resistance was attributed to an altered 32 kDa (quinone-binding, QB) protein [6]. In the presence of Hill electron acceptors, K3Fe(CN)6 and dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP), spheroplasts of A. nidulans R2D2-X1 were inhibited by cyanobacterin at the same concentration as wild type spheroblasts. Under these same conditions, spheroplasts of the mutant maintained their resistance to DCMU. Similar results were obtained with isolated thylakoid membranes. In contrast, silicomolybdate reduction, which is resistant to DCMU inhibition, was very sensitive to cyanobacterin. We conclude that cyanobacterin inhibits electron transport in PS II at a unique site which is different from that of DCMU. 相似文献
10.
Schmitz Oliver Tsinoremas Nicholas F. Schaefer Michael R. Anandan Shivanthi Golden Susan S. 《Photosynthesis research》1999,62(2):261-271
11.
Stefan Falk Jerry W. Leverenz Göran Samuelsson Gunnar Öquist 《Photosynthesis research》1992,31(1):31-40
The effects of a 60 min exposure to photosynthetic photon flux densities ranging from 300 to 2200 mol m–2s–1 on the photosynthetic light response curve and on PS II heterogeneity as reflected in chlorophyll a fluorescence were investigated using the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. It was established that exposure to high light acts at three different regulatory or inhibitory levels; 1) regulation occurs from 300 to 780 mol m–2s–1 where total amount of PS II centers and the shape of the light response curve is not significantly changed, 2) a first photoinhibitory range above 780 up to 1600 mol m–2s–1 where a progressive inhibition of the quantum yield and the rate of bending (convexity) of the light response curve can be related to the loss of QB-reducing centers and 3) a second photoinhibitory range above 1600 mol m–2s–1 where the rate of light saturated photosynthesis also decreases and convexity reaches zero. This was related to a particularly large decrease in PS II centers and a large increase in spill-over in energy to PS I.Abbreviations Chl
chlorophyll
- DCMU
3,(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
- FM
maximal fluorescence yield
- Fpl
intermediate fluorescence yield plateau level
- F0
non-variable fluorescence yield
- Fv
total variable fluorescence yield (FM-F0)
-
initial slope to the light response curve, used as an estimate of initial quantum yield
-
convexity (rate of bending) of the light response curve of photosynthesis
- LHC
light-harvesting complex
- Pmax
maximum rate of photosynthesis
- PQ
plastoquinone
- Q
photosynthetically active photon flux density (400–700 nm, mol m–2s–1)
- PS
photosystem
- QA and QB
primary and secondary quinone electron acceptor of PS II 相似文献
12.
The nature of interaction of cytochrome b-559 high potential (HP) with electron transport on the reducing side of photosystem II was investigated by measuring the susceptibility of cytochrome b-559HP to 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) under different conditions. Submicromolar DCMU concentrations decreased the rate of absorbance change corresponding to cytochrome b-559HP photoreduction while the amplitude was lowered at higher concentrations (up to 10 M). Appreciable extents of cytochrome b-559HP photoreduction were observed at DCMU concentrations which completely abolished the electron transport from water to methyl viologen under the same experimental conditions. However, the susceptibility of cytochrome b-559HP to DCMU increased with the degree of cytochrome b-559HP oxidation, induced either by ferricyanide or by illumination of low intensity (2 W/m2) of red light in the presence of 2 M carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone. Also, the DCMU inhibition was more severe when the pH increased from 6.5 to 8.5, indicating that the unprotonated form of cytochrome b-559HP is more susceptible to DCMU. These results demonstrate that cytochrome b-559HP can accept electrons prior to the QB site, probably via QA although both QA and QB can be involved to various extents in this reaction. We suggest that the redox state and the degree of protonation of cytochrome b-559HP alter its interaction with the reducing side of photosystem II.Abbreviations ADRY
acceleration of the deactivation reactions of the water-splitting system Y
- CCCP
carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone
- FeCN
ferricyanide
- HP
high potential
- MV
methylviologen
CIW-DPB Publication No.1096. 相似文献
13.
In the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica lactate accumulated in large amounts when the cells were exposed to light. The presence or absence of oxygen, or a change in CO2 concentration did not affect the lactate accumulation. The cellular succinate level also increased in the light when CO2 was supplied at the high concentration of 1%. 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU), an inhibitor of photosynthetic electron flow, inhibited the increase in the concentration of lactate and succinate. Photosynthesis is a prerequisite for the increase of these organic acids. Thenoyltrifluoroacetone, an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase, inhibited the increase of succinate, suggesting that the succinate is formed via fumarate by the reverse of reactions of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Upon addition of ammonium to the cell suspension in the light under high CO2 concentration, the increases in the concentrations of lactate and succinate were inhibited while those of glutamine, glutamate and aspartate were stimulated. Ammonium apparently changed the products of metabolism of pyruvate and oxaloacetate from lactate and succinate to amino acids.Abbreviations Chl
chlorophyll
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea
- TTFA
thenoyltrifluoroacetone
- PCA
perchloric acid 相似文献
14.
A chlorophyll a, c-fucoxanthin pigment-protein complex8 functions as the major light harvesting antenna in the Chrysophyte Ochromonas danica. The regulated distribution of excitation energy between the two photosystems was investigated in these organisms and was shown to be strongly wavelength dependent. A light state transition was induced by pre-illumination of cells using light 2 (640 nm) and light 1 (700 nm) of equal absorbed intensity, and detected by reversible changes in the 77 K chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectra. Peaks at 690 nm and 720 nm in the low temperature spectra are most likely associated with PS2 and PS1 respectively. A room temperature fluorescence emission at 680 nm induced by modulated light 2 (500 nm) was strongly quenched in the presence of background light 1 (720 nm). Removal of light 1 led to an increase in fluorescence followed by a slow quenching. The room temperature fluorescence changes were directly correlated with changes in the 77 K emission spectra that indicated a change in the distribution of excitation energy between the two photosystems. It was established that DCMU (1 mol) prevented the state 2. The conversion to state 1 followed a simple photochemical dose dependence and had a half-time of 20 s-1.5 min at 6 W m-2. In contrast, the conversion to state 2 was independent of light intensity. These data indicate that O. danica undergoes a light state transition in response to the preferential excitation of PS2 or PS1.Abbreviations PS2
photosystem 2
- PS1
photosystem 1
- LHC
light harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein
- fx
fucoxanthin
- PQ
plastoquinone
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea 相似文献
15.
Cyanobacterin is a secondary metabolite produced by the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Scytonema hofmanni. The compound had previously been isolated and chemically characterized. It was shown to inhibit the growth of algae at a concentration of approximately 5 micromolar. Cyanobacterin also inhibited the growth of angiosperms, including the aquatic, Lemna, and terrestrial species such as corn and peas. In isolated pea chloroplasts, cyanobacterin inhibited the Hill reaction when p-benzoquinone, K3Fe(CN)6, dichlorophenolindophenol, or silicomolybdate were used as electron acceptors. The concentration needed to inhibit the Hill reaction in photosystem II was generally lower than the concentration of the known photosystem II inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea. Cyanobacterin had no effect on electron transport in photosystem I. The data indicate that cyanobacterin inhibits O2 evolving photosynthetic electron transport in all plants and that the most probable site of action is in photosystem II. 相似文献
16.
Ilya R. Vasil'ev Dmitry N. Matorin Vladimir V. Lyadsky Pavel S. Venediktov 《Photosynthesis research》1988,15(1):33-39
DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) at concentrations higher than 10 M suppresses the second time range delayed fluorescence (DF) of pea chloroplasts, due to inhibition of the oxidizing side of photosystem II (PS II). The inhibition of the reducing side of PS II resulting in the suppression of millisecond DF takes place at much lower (0.01 M) DCMU concentrations. The variation in the herbicide-affinities of the reducing and oxidizing sides of PS II is not the same for DCMU and phenol-type herbicides. The DCMU-affinity of the oxidizing side considerably increases and approximates that of the reducing side upon mild treatment of chloroplasts with oleic acid. Probably this is a result of some changes in the environment of the binding site at the oxidizing side. At DCMU concentrations higher than 1 mM, the chaotropic action of DCMU leads to the generation of millisecond luminescence which is not related to the functioning of the reaction centres.Abbreviations D-1
The 32 kDa herbicide-binding intrinsic polypeptide of PS II, the apoprotein of QB
- D-2
The 32–34 kDa intrinsic polypeptide of PS II, probably the apoprotein of Z
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
- DF
Delayed fluorescence
- Dinoseb
2,4-dinitro-6-sec-butylphenol
- DNOC
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
- Fm
Maximal fluorescence yield (when all traps are closed)
- Fo
Constant fluorescence yield (when all traps are open)
- PS
Photosystem
- QA and QB
The primary and secondary plastoquinone acceptors of PS II, correspondingly
- Z
A plastoquinol electron donor, presumably associated with the D-2 protein 相似文献
17.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity decreases when Euglena gracilis Z and ZR undergo light-induced chloroplast development in batch resting medium lacking utilizable organic carbon and CO2. This enzyme is present in heterotrophically grown cells (Briand et al. 1981) and assures gluconeogenesis. It was consistently more active in strain ZR. Decreased carboxykinase activities were accompanied by parallel increases in the activities of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. The rates of O2 evolution in light were much lower than those of CO2 fixed simultaneously. The incorporation of 14CO2 into early C-4 dicarboxylic acids was higher in green cells than in etiolated cells, and it was even higher in green cells assayed in light in the presence of (DCMU). A hypothesis has been proposed, according to which there is a possible cooperation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in photosynthetic CO2 fixation, especially under conditions of limiting CO2.High temperatures (34° C) depress carboxylation enzyme activities to a greater extent than that of the carboxykinase without a great effect on cellular chlorophyll content. In the presence of 25 m DCMU, however, chlorophyll accumulation is reduced without any detectable changes in enzyme activities in the Z strain. The ZR strain displayed its characteristic resistance to DCMU.Abbreviations PEP
phosphoenolpyruvate
- RuBP
ribulose bisphosphate
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
To whom all correspondence and reprint request should be addressed 相似文献
18.
Ahlert Schmidt 《Archives of microbiology》1980,127(3):259-265
Two different thioredoxins designated as thioredoxin A and B have been isolated from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301. Methods for large scale purification of these thioredoxins were developed. Thioredoxin B has been purified to homogeneity; it has a molecular weight of 11,800 and an isoelectric point of 4.6. The following K
m data were obtained for this thioredoxin; a) in the PAPS-sulfotransferase assay of Synechococcus 6301: 10.7 M; b) in the fructose-1-6-bisphosphatase assay of Synechococcus 6301: 1.7 M; c) in the APS-sulfotransferase assay of Chroococcidiopsis 7203: 5.4M. Thioredoxin A has an isoelectric point of 4.1 and it is active in the PAPS-sulfotransferase and fructose-1-6-bisphosphatase of Synechococcus 6301; it is not active in the APS-sulfotransferase of Chroococcidiopsis 7203.Dedicated to Professor Dr. O. Kandler on the occasion of his 60th birthday 相似文献
19.
George C. Papageorgiou Aikaterini Alygizaki-Zorba Spyros Loukas Steven S. Brody 《Photosynthesis research》1996,48(1-2):221-226
We investigated the photodynamic action of hypericin, a natural naphthodianthrone, on photosynthetic electron transport and fluorescence of the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans (Synechococcus 6301). The most drastic effect was the inactivation of photosynthetic oxygen evolution in the presence of the electron acceptor phenyl-p-benzoquinone in aerobic cells which required 1 hypericin/5 chlorophyll a for half-maximal effect. Anaerobic A. nidulans was only partially inactivated and variable chlorophyll a fluorescence remained unperturbed suggesting that photoreaction center II was not a target. Further, hypericin, stimulated photoinduced oxygen uptake in the presence of methylviologen in aerobic cells. This action was less specific than the inactivation of oxygen evolution (1 hypericin/0.5–0.7 chlorophyll a for half-maximal effect). Results point to the involvement of molecular oxygen in two ways. Type I mechanism (Henderson BW and Dougherty TJ (1992) Photochem Photobiol 55: 145–157) in which ground state oxygen reacts with excited substrate triplets appears probable for the inactivation of oxygen evolution. On the other hand, Type II mechanism in which excited oxygen singlets react with ground state substrate molecules appears probable in the stimulation of methylviologen mediated oxygen uptake.Abbreviations Chl
chlorophyll
- DAD
diaminodurene
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea
- Hepes
N-[2-hydroxyethyl]-N-[ethanesulfonic acid]
- MV
methyl viologen
- PBQ
phenyl-p-benzoquinone
- PPFD
photosynthetic photon flux density
- PS I, PS II
Photosystems I and II
- RC I, RC II
reaction centers of PS I and PS II 相似文献
20.
Teresa Thiel 《Archives of microbiology》1988,149(5):466-470
The amino acid leucine was transported by the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis. The K
m for transport was 10.8 M; the V
max was 8.7 nmoles min–1 mg–1 chlorophyll a. Transport of leucine was energy dependent: uptake of leucine was inhibited in the dark, and by DCMU and cyanide. Transport was neither dependent on nor enhanced by Na+. Prior growth of cells with leucine did not repress transport of [14C]-leucine. Alanine, glycine, valine, and methionine were strong competitive inhibitors of leucine uptake; serine, threonine, isoleucine, norleucine, and d-alanine competitively inhibited to a lesser degree. Other amino acids or amino acid analogues, including d-leucine, -aminoisobutyrate, and d-serine did not inhibit the transport of leucine.Abbreviations Chl a
chlorophyll a
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
- TES
N-tris(hydroxymethyl)-2-aminoethane-sulfonic acid
- TCA
trichloroacetic acid
- Tris
N-tris(hydroxymethyl)aminoethane 相似文献