A NEW CHINESE RECORD SPECIES OF ICHNEUMONIDAE (HYMENOPTERA)PARASITIZING DIPRION JINGYUANENSIS

报道采自山西寄生靖远松叶蜂Diprion jingyuanensis Xiao et Zhang的姬蜂科中国 1新纪录种,吉松叶蜂侵姬蜂Lamachus gilpiniae Uchida,1955.对共形态特征进行了重新描述.介绍了侵姬蜂属Lamachus F(o)rster,1869在我国的种类及其分布;编制了我国已知种检索表.     

中国发现侵姬蜂属(膜翅目,姬蜂科)及一新种

报道在中国首次发现的侵姬蜂属Lamachus F(o)rster,1869.记述采自河南省宝天曼自然保护区的本属1新种:申氏侵姬蜂Lamachus sheni sp.nov..编制了东古北区已知种检索表.     

中国寄生叶蜂类的卷唇姬蜂

报道我国寄生叶蜂类的卷唇姬蜂属AptesisF?rster,1850的3种,其中含寄生玫瑰三节叶蜂ArgepaganaPanzer的中国1新记录:白基卷唇姬蜂Aptesisalbibasalis(Uchida,1930)。编制了卷唇姬蜂属中国已知种检索表。     

寄生落叶松红腹叶蜂的都姬蜂属(膜翅目,姬蜂科)一新种

报道采自陕西宝鸡嘉陵江源头、寄生落叶松红腹叶蜂Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig)的姬蜂科1新种,叶蜂都姬蜂Dusona pristiphorae sp.nov..介绍了新种与近似种卡都姬蜂D.carpathica(Szépligeti)的主要区别特征,并附彩色特征图.     

寄生榆童锤角叶蜂的姬蜂种类研究(膜翅目,姬蜂科)

报道2种寄生榆童锤角叶蜂Agenocimbex elmina Li et Wu的姬蜂,其中1种为新种:天水镶颚姬蜂Hyposotertianshuiensis Sheng,sp.nov.;另一种为已知种:日本欧姬蜂Opheltes japonicus(Cushman,1924).     

红头阿扁叶蜂的重要天敌——厚角跃姬蜂

报道在辽宁海城地区寄生红头阿扁叶蜂Acantholyda erythrocephala (Linnaeus) 的姬蜂科1中国新记录属、新记录种:厚角跃姬蜂Xenoschesis crassicornis Uchida, 1928。     

寄生桦黑毛三节叶蜂的姬蜂科一中国新纪录种——日本恩姬蜂(膜翅目,姬蜂科)

报道在湖北省神农架发现的、寄生桦黑毛三节叶蜂Argesp.中国1新纪录种:日本恩姬蜂Endasys parviventris nipponicus(Uchida,1930)。     

寄生靖远松叶蜂的卷唇姬蜂属一新种(膜翅目：姬蜂科，锯角叶蜂科)

靖远松叶蜂ＤｉｐｒｉｏｎｊｉｎｇｙｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓＸｉａｏｅｔＺｈａｎｇ分布在山西、甘肃等省,是近几年发现并已对油松林造成严重危害的新害虫。近来我们在调查该害虫天敌时,发现一种重要天敌——姬蜂,经鉴定为卷唇姬蜂属一新种,现报道如下。模式标本保存在林业...     

寄生柳丝叶蜂的卷唇姬蜂属一新种（膜翅目：姬蜂科）

报道寄生天水柳丝叶蜂Nematus sp．的姬蜂科1新种：突角卷唇姬蜂Aptesis corniculata Sheng,sp．nov.,模式标本存国家林业局森林病虫害防治总站。     

松阿扁叶蜂寄生性天敌一新记录种(膜翅目:姬蜂科:栉足姬蜂亚科)

记述寄生于松阿扁叶蜂Acantholyda posticalis Matsumura幼虫的姬蜂科1新记录种:亮栉姬蜂Ctenopelma luciferum(Gravenhorst),对其分类地位、形态特征、分布及寄主进行了记述,并对该姬蜂的生物学进行了初步的研究.     

Species of the genus Lamachus F?rster (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae) parasitizing diprionid sawflies (Hymenoptera,Diprionidae) with descriptions of two?new species and a key to Chinese species

Four species of the genus Lamachus Förster 1869 belonging to the tribe Mesoleiini of the subfamily Ctenopelmatinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) are reported from China. Two of them are new to science, Lamachus nigrus Li, Sheng & Sun, sp. n. and Lamachus rufiabdominalis Li, Sheng & Sun, sp. n. were reared from Neodiprion huizeensis Xiao & Zhou, in Guizhou Province of the Oriental part of China. The biology of Lamachus rufiabdominalis is described. A key to the species of Lamachus known from China is provided.     

Larval mortality of pine sawflies [Hymenoptera: Diprionidae] in relation to pollution level: A field experiment

Larval mortality ofNeodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy),Diprion pini (L.) andGilpinia pallida (Klug) were studied in field experiments around a factory complex in southwestern Finland. Larval colonies were transferred on the shoots of Scots pines growing at different distances from the emission source. Larval mortality was highest near the factories. InN. sertifer, larval mortality caused by the nuclear polyhedrosis virus was higher and cocoon mortality caused by parasitoids was lower near the pollutant source. The most abundant parasitoid species wereSynomelix scutulata (Hartig) andLamachus eques (Hartig). 16–67% of theN. sertifer, 0–5% of theD. pini and the 73–100% ofG. pallida cocoons contained parasitoids oviposited during the larval period of the sawflies.      

Interspecific competition between the principal larval parasitoids of the pine sawfly,Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) (Hym.: Diprionidae)

Summary Interspecific competition between the 3 principal larval parasitoids of the pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer, is of common occurrence when total larval parasitism, and hence multiple attack rates, are high. At the intrinsic level, the ectoparasitoid Exenterus abruptorius is superior to the 2 endoparasitoids, Lophyroplectus luteator and Lamachus eques, respectively, whereas L. luteator is superior to L. eques only. During mass outbreaks of the host competition between Exenterus and Lophyroplectus is most intense, whilst Lamachus fails to build up in the presence of its 2 competitors (Fig. 1). However, due to its superior host finding ability, Lamachus dominates in areas of low host densities where the 2 other species are less efficient (Table 1). L. luteator frequently sustains heavy losses in direct competition with E. abruptorius, but these can be largely compensated in the next generation because its fertility is about 5-times higher than that of Exenterus.     

Die Parasitenkomplexe europäischer Diprionidae in ökologisch-evolutionsbiologischer Sicht

Parasite community of European Diprionidae from an ecological-evolutionary point of view Neodiprion sertifer, the only Eurasian species of this nearctic genus, is systematically and, due to its hibernation in the egg stage and its aestivation in the cocoon-stage, also biologically an outsider in the European Diprionid-fauna (Fig. 1). It is assumed that the ancestors of N. sertifer immigrated from western North America via Beringia to Eurasia during the Pleistocene period In spite of its exceptional status, this sawfly species has a rich parasitoid complex, characterized by several highly specific larval parasites, which, in size und diversity, is equivalent to the parasite-spectra of autochthonous European Diprionids such as Diprion pini, Microdiprion pallipes, etc. (Tab. 1 and 2). Based on a comparative analysis of these parasite complexes, a trial is made to explain 1. from which hosts the parasites of N. sertifer have originated and 2. which biological adaptations have allowed them to colonize the new host niche and to synchronize with the strictly univoltine life-cycle of N. sertifer. The boreo-montane Murodiprion pallipes has apparently played a key rôle as a source for parasitoid species of N. sertifer. Adaptation to the new host has been achieved by the acquisition of an obligatory summer diapause in such highly specific larval parasites as Exenterus abruptorius, Lamachus eques, Lophyroplectus luteator (Fig. 5) and in the «sertifer-form» of the egg parasite Dipriocampe diprioni (Fig. 3), whereas in Chrysonotomyia spp. the ability to develop as facultative hyperparasites has enabled them to bridge the summer gap when fresh host eggs are not available (Fig. 3 und 4).     

中国蚋类区系分布和地理区划(双翅目:蚋科)

报道我国蚋类的区系分布和地理区划,根据代表性类群的界间替代分布,对我国蚋类在东洋,古北两界的分布界限初步划线,分析表明,我国蚋类区系分布具有自北向南减弱,接壤区系的相似性和具有明显的地方性等特点,在区系分析的基础上,对我国蚋类进行三级地理区划。     

昆明地区两栖动物多样性及保护研究

昆明地区共有21种两栖动物,隶2目8科12属。区系特点是：物种多样性很丰富,多于我国9个省区;东洋界种类有20种占绝对优势,没有古北界种类,古北东洋两界广布种仅1种;明显具西南区的特色有16种,特有种多,呈贡嵘螈及滇螈是昆明特有种,也是云南特有种,另有滇蛙等12种为中国特有种;模式产地为昆明的种类多,有7种;姬蛙科属种多,共3属4种。该文阐述了昆明为模式产地的种类现状,还提出了昆明地区两栖类的保护对策。     

我国齿突蟾属(两栖纲：无尾目)资源现状及保护对策

齿突蟾属物种已知19种左右,中国分布有16种。该属大多数物种为珍贵、稀有濒危物种。主要生活在高寒山区及高原地区,卵产于高寒缓流的山溪中。本文梳理了分布于我国齿突蟾物种的资源现状,分析了导致其种群下降的原因。并在此基础上提出了相应的保护对策,以期能对该属物种保护和资源利用起到参考作用。     

New records and new synonyms of antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) from China

The antlions from the subfamilies Nemoleontinae and Myrmecaelurinae deposited in the Entomological Museum of the China Agricultural University (CAU) belong to 16 species, among which 11 are recorded for China for the first time. Four species with mostly Oriental distribution are recorded for the first time from the northern localities in Palaearctic China. The Dzungarian faunistic center of antlions with two species recently described from Turan is distinguished. Some species characteristic of Mongolia were found in adjacent China. Occurrence in China of three species, collected by Russian expeditions 100 years ago, is confirmed. Five species described by Yang from China have been synonymized with widely distributed species.     

贵州省8个自然保护区爬行动物分布

报道了贵州省8个自然保护区86种(亚种)爬行动物的分布状况。对贵州省自然保护区爬行动物种数和区系成分与保护区面积、森林面积、年均温、年均降水量、经度、纬度、海拔低点、海拔高点、相对高差等环境因素进行了相关性分析及t-检验。发现在贵州省爬行动物种数除与保护区面积和森林面积呈极显著正相关外,还与经度显著正相关;华中华南区种数与经度显著正相关;华南区种数与纬度显著负相关,与年均降水量显著正相关。本文还探讨了爬行动物的分布特点,包括经度和纬度地理替代。发现由西向东,西南区种的比例逐渐减少,华中区种和华中及华南区种的比例逐渐增加,呈现经度地带性变化。由北向南古北界东洋界广布种的比例逐渐减少、华中及华南区种和华南区种的比例逐渐增加,呈纬度地带性变化。     

浙江近海后鳃类软体动物的分布及其区系

报道了浙江近海的后鳃类97种,分别隶属于7目30科44属。其中我国沿岸广温广布种14种,主要分布于东海和南海的亚热带种50种,南海的热带种18种,渤、黄海延伸到东海北部的暖温带种15种。