A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS APHELENCHOIDES (APHELENCHIDA,APHELENCHOIDIDAE) NEMATODE FROM CHINA

2001 ～2002年从山东省青州市韭菜Allium tuberosum的根际土壤中发现滑刃属Aphelenchoides1新种,定名为韭菜滑刃线虫Aphelenchoides allius sp.nov..该虫具有以卜特征:虫体大型;唇区缢缩,口针较长,无口针基部球;侧区具有6条侧线;生殖系统发育良好,卵巢具1～2个转折,卵母细胞单列;尾细锥形,末端收缩呈细指状,平截,刺状尾尖突生于其上;雄虫常见,尾钩状,末端具刺状尾尖突,交合刺典型,顶尖和喙突明显.已报道种中有8个种与新种相似,其中5个种虫体体长较短,小于500μm,易与新种分开,它们是:细尖滑刃线虫A.conimucronatus(L=280～440 μm),高头滑刃线虫A.editocaputis(L=270～ 320 μm),高山滑刃线虫A.montanus(L=390 ～400 μm),稀少滑刃线虫A.rarus(L=300 ～ 320 μm),沃恩滑刃线虫A.vaughani(L=360 ～430μm).另3个种与新种相比较:中心滑 刃线虫A.centralis侧线4条,尾巴较长,雄虫不常见;陶比恰滑刃线虫A.daubichaensis侧线4条,口针较短且有小的基部球,后阴子宫囊较短,卵巢无转折;一点红滑刃线虫A.emiliae口针基部球发达,中食道球椭圆形,更大19 μm×15 μm,后阴子宫囊较短.     

大连滑刃线虫新种(线虫门,滑刃科)记述(英文)

新种大连滑刃线虫.Aphelenchoides dalianensis sp.nov.采自中国辽宁省大连市老铁山的枯死黑松.新种的鉴别特征为:体较短(雌虫:571.5～658.0 μm;雄虫:436.8～520.0μm),口针纤细(雌虫:10.0～12.7 μm;雄虫:9.2～11.8μm)具有基部球,侧线4条.雌虫阴门位于虫体60%～75%处,尾型特殊,具蜗牛触角状分叉的尾尖突;雄虫尾部向腹面弯曲成拐杖形,有1简单尾尖突,交合刺小(10.0～12.9μm),乳突3对,无交合伞.新种的近似种是大核滑刃线虫A.macronucleatus,主要区别在于大核滑刃线虫的雌虫仅具一简单尾尖突,雄虫加热杀死后呈"L"形,而非新种的"J"形.应用限制性酶切图谱(PCR-ITS-RFLP)的方法以及DNA测序为新种提供了分子生物学的证据.     

滑刃属一新种记述(滑刃目,滑刃科)

2002年从山东省乳山市牛筋草的根际土壤中发现滑刃属1新种,类刷尾滑刃线虫 Aphelenchoides parabrushmucronatus sp.nov,.该虫具有以下特征:雌虫虫体中等;唇区较高,缢缩明显;中食道球卵圆形;生殖系统发育良好,卵母细胞单列,受精囊和后阴子宫囊都含较大的圆形精子;雌虫尾圆柱形,尾端中间具有1试管刷状尾尖突.A.appendurus Singh,1967在形态上与新种相似,区别在于前者有两条侧线,虫体和口针更长,尾巴相对较短(L=720-880μm;stylet=16～17μm;tail=38.4μm).A.seiachicus Nesterov,1973在形态上也与新种相似,区别在于前者虫体更小,口针、尾巴更短(L=370-420μm;stylet=9.5μm;c'=3).     

木质包装材料中线虫一新种(线虫门,滑刃科)记述

记述了伞滑刃属线虫1新种,即弯尾伞滑刃线虫Bursaphelenchus curvicaudatus sp.nov..线虫样本自中国连云港口岸截获木质包装材料中分离获得.新种体长相对较长(雌虫767～960 μm;雄虫663～831 μm),口针较短(雌虫13.9～17.4 μm;雄虫13.9～16.5 μm),口针基部略微加厚,交合刺小(16.5～21.6 μm),末端盘状结构不明显,雌虫尾明显向腹面弯曲.另外,新种雄虫有6个尾乳突,与以前报道有7个尾乳突不同.交合刺形状、雌虫尾的形状及体长等特征能将新种与B.hofmanni、B.abietinus、B.fun-givorus、B.hellenicus、B. hylobianum、B.rainufi、B.eggersi以及B.corneolus区分开来.新种特有的限制性酶切图谱(PCR-ITS-RFLP图谱)是该分离物为1新种的分子证据.     

中国马尾松木上伞滑刃属线虫新种记述

在福建省泉州市南安的马尾松树上发现伞滑刃属线虫1新种,拟小松伞滑刃线虫Bursaphelenchus parapinasetri sp.nov.,新种热杀死体形及形态测量值大小与小松伞滑刃线虫B.pinasteri非常相似,但两者区别主要为:新种口针长,有基部球,雌虫无阴门盖,而近似种则与之相反;两者雄虫交合刺、交合伞形态及尾部乳突数量等方面特征也不同.     

滑刃属一新种——盘尾滑刃线虫的描述(滑刃目,滑刃科)

2002年从中国山东省乳山市大画眉草Eragrostis cilianensis的根际土壤中发现滑刃属1新种盘尾滑刃线虫Aphelenchoides disccaudatus sp.nov.。雌虫具有以下特征:虫体小,侧线3条;唇区较高,缢缩明显;尾钩状,末端具平盘状尾尖突。雄虫未见。     

盅口属三种线虫扫描电镜的比较研究(杆形目,圆线科)

利用扫描电镜技术首次对四刺盅口线虫Cyathostomum tetracanthum、碗形盅口线虫C.catinatum和蝶状盅口线虫C.pateratum的体表结构特征进行观察和比较.结果表明:3种线虫在外叶冠的形状和数目、雄虫生殖锥和雌虫尾部等结构方面存在一定的差异.四刺盅口线虫的外叶冠由20或22个小叶组成,小叶末端尖,向外翻卷;雄虫生殖锥背唇上有1对大的乳房状附属物;雌虫尾部直,尾长114 (92 ～128)μm.碗形盅口线虫的外叶冠由22个小叶组成,小叶末端钝圆,平直伸向口孔;雄虫生殖锥背唇上无明显的附属物;雌虫尾部呈“人脚形”,尾长62 (54～68) μm.蝶状盅口线虫的外叶冠由24个小叶组成,小叶末端尖,平直伸向口孔;雄虫生殖锥背唇上有1对细长的指状附属物;雌虫尾部呈“人脚形”,尾长93 (78～109) μm.研究结果为盅口线虫的分类鉴定提供了更稳定的形态学依据.     

无孔小咽属线虫一新种(线虫纲,矛线目,孔咽科)

描述了采自山东省胶南市蓝莓Vaccinium corymbosumL.根部的线虫1新种,即胶南无孔小咽线虫Aporcelaimellus jiaonanensis sp.nov.。新种主要的鉴别特征是雌虫虫体中等长度,强壮,体表角质层由明显的两层组成;唇区缢缩明显,唇瓣彼此分离,呈角状;齿针强壮;内阴唇骨化明显,呈心形;尾圆锥形,具近指状尾尖突,尾尖突末端钝,尾长是肛门处体宽的1.1～1.4倍。新种的近似种是亚马逊无孔小咽线虫A.amazonicus Andrassy,2004和岛居无孔小咽线虫A.insularis Andrassy,2004。新种与前者的主要区别是:新种内阴唇呈心形,尾尖突末端钝;亚马逊无孔小咽线虫内阴唇长且窄,不呈心形,尾尖突末端锐尖。新种与后者的主要区别是:新种虫体较长,尾较长、呈圆锥形,具近指状尾尖突;岛居无孔小咽线虫虫体较短,尾很短,向背面凹陷,具向背面弯曲的钉状尾尖突。     

粒科线虫中国新纪录种(侧尾腺纲,垫刃目)

报道了粒科线虫的1个新纪录种:细小茎线虫Ditylenchus exilis Brzeski,1983.其鉴定特征为雌虫身体在近阴门处直或微弯;环纹宽度不规则;头连续;侧区4条侧线;口针短,锥部大约为口针长度的1/3,基球圆;中食道球梭形或微圆;后阴子宫囊为阴门处虫体直径的0.8～1.2倍;尾细,端圆,与肛阴距等长.雄虫与雌虫体形相似,交合伞钝齿形,占尾长的29%～35%.     

花卉根部植物线虫调查

从龙岩市24种常见花卉根际土壤中鉴定出滑刃线虫属、真滑刃线虫属、螺旋线虫属、拟鞘线虫属、根结线虫属、针线虫属、盘旋线虫属、矮化线虫属、垫刃线虫属和剑线虫属共10属植物寄生线虫。调查结果表明,木本花卉和多年生草本花卉根部线虫群体结构比较复杂,虫口密度较高。     

Merlinius paniculoides n. sp. from Italy (Tylenchina: Belonolaimidae)

Merlinius paniculoides n. sp. is described from a bisexual Italian population found in northern Italy. This species has a coarsely annulated cuticle with approximately 30 longitudinal striae in addition to the six lateral field incisures; consequently the cuticle appears tessellate. The female tail is subcylindrical with a bluntly, rounded, non-annulated terminus. Merlinius paniculoides shares the tessellate cuticular ornamentation and the offset labial region with M. lenorus (Brown, 1956) Siddiqi, 1970 and M. tartuensis (Krall, 1959) Siddiqi, 1970. It differs from M. lenorus by the higher c and lower c'' ratios (c = 16-19 vs. 12-15 and c'' = 2.2-2,8 vs. 3.7) and greater number of longitudinal striae (28-32 vs. 24). It differs from M. tartuensis by a fewer number of annuti from stylet knob base to lip constriction (8-9 vs. 21), shorter stylet (19-21 vs. 24 μm), presence of males, and higher c'' value (c'' = 2.2-2.8 vs. 1.9).     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aphelenchoides</Emphasis> (Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoidea: Aphelenchidae) from Manipur,India

Analysis of the soil samples collected from around rhizospheric region of mulberry plants grown in Yurembam Rose Garden, Yurembam, Imphal West, Manipur yielded several soil and plant parasitic nematodes. Among them four species of Aphelenchoides were recorded. Upon detailed study, two species of Aphelenchoides were found to be new to science. Aphelenchoides dhanachandi sp. n. is characterized by ventrally curved body, clearly set off cephalic region and tail ending into a sharp pointed terminus, and stylet slender, 13.6–15.3 (14 ± 0.7) μm long with indistinct basal swellings and tamarind seed-shaped median bulb. Aphelenchoides neoechinocaudatus sp. n. is characterized by straight body with four incisures in the lateral field, flatten cephalic region, slender stylet with indistinct basal swellings, 11.9 μm long, elongated pear-shaped median bulb and short tail with pointed mucro. The two species are illustrated here.     

Description of Discocriconemella mineira n. sp. and D. degrissei Males from Brazil

A new species of Discocriconemella and the male of Discocriconemella degrissei are described from Minas Gerais state of Brazil. Discocriconemella mineira n. sp. differs from D. discolabia by having a longer stylet (61-71 vs. 35-47 μm) and fewer body annuli (78-88 vs. 155-174), and from D. inarata by the longer stylet (61-71 vs. 51-61 μm) and shorter body length (253-342 vs. 354-486 μm). It differs from D. persae by having a shorter stylet, fewer body annuli, and a shorter post vulval body portion (Rv = 6-7 vs. 14-20). Discocriconemella mineira can be separated from D. degrissei by the head disc which is round in D. mineira and quadrilobate in D. degrissei. Males of D. degrissei resemble those of D. retroversa.     

Pratylenchoides hispaniensis n. sp. (Nemata: Pratylenchidae)

Pratylenchoides hispaniensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from a bisexual population found in a natural habitat at Santa Elena, Jaen, central Spain. Its main distinctive characters are very long esophageal gland lobe (81-117 μm; N'' = 51-71) overlapping the intestine 3 to 5 times the body width; lateral field with six incisures; stylet knobs sloping posteriorly; labial disc encircled by the irregular sectors of the first annule; tail cylindrical, extremity annulated, and frequently with a slight dorsal indentation of the hyaline portion at the end of the lateral field. Pratylcnchoides hispaniensis n. sp. appears closely related to P. megalobatus and P. nevadensis. It differs from the former primarily by its longer body length (761-998 vs. 430-621 μm), longer stylet length (20.5-24.4 vs. 18-21 μm), six incisures in the lateral field vs. four for P. megalobatus, and posteriorly sloping stylet knobs vs. rounded or anteriorly flattened knobs in P. megalobatus. It differs from P. nevadensis mainly by the shape of the stylet knobs (sloping in P. hispaniensis vs. rounded in P. nevadensis), length of esophageal lobe (81-117 vs. 34-82 μm), and position of esophageal gland nuclei (all posterior to esophago-intestinal junction in P. hispaniensis vs. at least one nucleus anterior to junction in P. nevadensis).     

Descriptions of Three New Longidorus Species from Slovakia (Nemata: Longidoridae)

Three new Longidorus species from Slovakia are described. Longidorus carpathicus n. sp. most closely resembles Longidorus silvae but differs by having a longer odontostyle, odontophore, and total stylet; smaller a and c ratios; and longer distance to the guide ring. This new species also resembles L. picenus, L. macrosoma, and L. major but differs by having a narrower lip width. It further differs from L. picenus by having a longer odontostyle and smaller c ratio, and by lacking males; from L. macrosoma by having a longer odontostyle, smaller c ratio, by lacking males, and a more pronounced J1 tail peg; and from L. major by having a shorter body length, longer odontostyle, longer odontophore, and longer J1 tail peg. Longidorus piceicola n. sp. most closely resembles L. eridanicus, from which it differs by having a greater lip width, longer tail, smaller c ratio, larger c'' ratio, shorter hyaline tail length, and a conically rounded vs. hemispherical tail. This new species differs from L. cylindricaudatus by having a larger lip width, longer odontostyle and odontophore, and a greater distance to the guide ring; from L. nevesi by having a shorter body length, longer odontostyle, larger c'' ratio, and shorter hyaline tail length. Longidorus juglansicola n. sp. most closely resembles L. athesinus but differs by its longer body, wider lips, and larger a and c ratios. It closely resembles L. vineacola but differs by its shorter body length, smaller c ratio, and an almost parallel lip outline vs. an expanded lip outline; from L. lusitanicus by a longer odontophore and tail, and an almost parallel lip outline vs. an expanded lip outline.     

中国小无环咽属线虫一新纪录种(线虫纲,矛线目,无环咽科)

描述了采自山东省沂水县烟草Nicotiana tabacum Linn.根围土的中国线虫1新纪录种,钝尾小无环咽线虫Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus(Bastian,1865)Altherr,1968。该种主要的鉴别特征是雌虫虫体中等到大型,角质层由明显的2层组成;唇区角状,明显缢缩,唇瓣彼此分离;齿针强壮,长22.1(19.9～27.1)μm,其开口占齿针长的一半;食道矛线型,贲门圆锥形;雌虫双生殖腺,阴门通常位于体中部,内阴唇骨化明显,呈心形;内阴唇和阴道总长约占阴门处体宽的2/5;尾长31.9(23.2～37.3)μm,是肛门处体宽的0.7(0.6～0.8)倍,尾呈钝圆锥形到半球形,末端圆,有厚的肌肉层,肛门后有粗糙的放射状条纹。它与A.faridpuriensis的主要区别在于:齿针较短(19.9～27.1μm vs.35～39μm),前直肠较短(96.2μm vs.145μm)。它与A.krygeri的主要区别在于:齿针较短(22.1μm vs.25μm),尾较长(23.2～37.3μm vs.20～25μm),c’值大(0.6～0.8vs.0.2～0.3),尾呈钝圆锥形到半球形,A.krygeri尾非常短,半球形且背凹,具钉状末端(Singh,Sharma&Khatoon,2002;T horne,1974)。讨论了钝尾小无环咽线虫的已有报道和国内分布,对Aporcelaimellus属及相关属科的中文译名进行了厘订。     

Longidorus ferrisi n. sp. from California Citrus

In October 1999, the authors received fixed specimens of a species of Longidorus from Howard Ferris found about the roots of a citrus tree in Oakville, Napa County, CA. After determining it to be new a species, we requested additional specimens. The samples contained roughly equal numbers of males and females. Longidorus ferrisi n. sp. is most similar to L. elongatus, but can be distinguished by a greater c-ratio (111-187 vs 73-141), a lesser c′ (0.7-1.1 vs 1.0-1.3), a more offset head, a more posterior guide ring (35-40 vs 30-33 μm), the presence of sperm in the uterus in mature females, and the approximate 1:1 ratio of females to males. Other similar species include L. artemisiae, L. crassus, L. glycines, and L. milanis. Longidorus ferrisi n. sp. differs from L. artemisiae by a lesser a-ratio (74-102 vs 109-155), a lesser c′ value (0.7-1.1 vs 1.0-1.6), a more posterior guide ring (35-40 vs 27-34 μm), a longer odontostyle (91-108 vs 84-98 μm), a wider lip region (16-19 vs 14-17 μm), wider mid-body (53-69 vs 41-52 μm), and longer spicules (57-65 vs 39-49 μm). The new species differs substantially from L. crassus by its lip shape and the presence of males, and differs from L. glycines by a shorter body (4.33-5.97 vs 6.14-8.31 mm), a lesser c′ value (0.7-1.1 vs 0.9-1.4), a narrower lip region (16-19 vs 20-23 μm), wider mid-body (53-69 vs 39-57 μm), longer spicules (53-69 vs 45-53 μm), and fewer supplements (7-11 vs 11-17). Longidorus ferrisi n. sp. differs from L. milanis by a longer body (4.33-5.97vs 3.00-4.90 mm), a greater c value (111-187 vs 86-130), a wider mid-body (53-69 vs 43-56 μm), a different head shape, and longer spicules (53-69 vs 41-54 μm). The nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA sequence of this species revealed that this species is unique with respect to all sequenced Longidorus species.     

Emendation of the Genus Paurodontella Husain &Khan, 1968 and Description of P. auriculata n. sp. from Western Canada (Nematoda: Paurodontidae)

Males and females of Paurodontella auriculata n. sp. are described and illustrated and the genus emended. The species is characterized by a short, robust body of 355-525 μm, a stylet length of 7-8 μm, lateral field with 5-6 incisures, and a conoid, attenuated tail 1.5 times the vulva-anus distance. Primary characters used in emending the genus are asymmetrical stylet knobs, absence of lateral lips, a deep slit-like amphid dividing the submedian lips to base of head, where open lateral sides are covered by a large auriform cuticular flap, and variable length of the basal esophageal bulb stem and male bursa.